腹腔镜脾切除术在肝硬化门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进中的应用

自1991年Delaitre首先报道腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)以来，该手术已在很多医院的内镜中心得以开展，较多地应用于治疗原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、遗传性球形红细胞增多症(HSC)等血液病，对肝硬化门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进的病人施行LS的报道相对较少。作者对6例肝硬化门静脉高压合并脾功能亢进的病人施行LS，获得成功，现总结如下。     

二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术在肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进中的应用

目的:探讨肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除术的可行性、有救性和安全性.方法:对2009年1月至2010年12月施行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法行脾切除治疗肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大25例患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果:除1例因大出血中转开腹外,均顺利完成手术.手术时间平均180 min,术中出血平均260 ml,无严重并发症.结论:肝硬化门脉高压症脾功能亢进轻中度脾肿大患者行腹腔镜下二级脾蒂离断法脾切除安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

肝硬化门静脉高压性脾功能亢进与贫血

肝硬化门静脉高压症、脾功能亢进性贫血临床上常见．不及时处理可增加手术并发症和死亡率。近15年来,我院收治肝硬化门静脉高压症性脾肿大病人324例．其中并发贫血者230例,现报告如下。     

脾切除术对门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者免疫功能的影响

脾脏是重要的免疫器官,脾功能亢进患者行脾切除术是否会导致机体免疫功能下降,目前尚不明确。我们对33例门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者脾切除术前后的免疫功能进行测定,总结报告如下。     

全脾切除术治疗门静脉高压性脾功能亢进症

全脾切除术治疗门静脉高压性脾功能亢进(hypersplenism,简称脾亢),长期以来一直是外科治疗的首选。近年来,由于对脾脏功能的深入研究和重新认识,选择这种治疗方式是否得2例死亡。这一发现后来被命名为全脾切除术后凶险性感染(OPSI),使人们对脾功能的认识有了根本的改变。从此,被冷落的脾部分切除术、外伤性脾缝合修补术重新得到关注,脾动脉部分栓塞术、自体脾组织移植术、脾消融术等各种保脾手术应运而生,同时引发了门静脉高压性病理脾切与保的争论。由此可以看出,全脾切除术治疗门静脉高压性病理脾,既是一个老问题,也是一个新问题。主张…     

脾功能亢进的研究进展

提要肝功能亢进是肝硬化门静脉高压症的严重并发症之一，本文对脾功能亢进的临床表现——脾大、盆血、白细胞和血小板减少症逐一进行原因分析，并就睥功能亢进治疗进展进行综述。     

门静脉高压症时脾动脉盗血对脾功能亢进的影响

<正>肝硬化门静脉高压症患者血流动力学出现明显异常,脾脏增大、脾亢、脾静脉增粗、血流量增加,门静脉增宽,侧枝循环扩张等,可能为机体代偿所致,但脾动脉血流动力学研究较少。本研究旨在探讨肝硬化门静脉高压症时是否存在脾动脉盗血及可能引起脾亢的发生机制,现报告如下。     

原位二级脾蒂离断术在门静脉高压脾切除术中的应用

我们于2007年8月至2010年8月行原位二级脾蒂离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症142例,现总结如下. 临床资料 1.一般资料:门静脉高压症行贲门周围血管离断术联合脾切除术142例,其中男105例,女37例,年龄20～68岁,平均46岁.肝功能分级:Child A级115例,B级24例,C例3例.     

脾切除对肝硬化门静脉高压脾功能亢进患者影响的研究进展

肝炎后肝硬化通常合并门静脉高压症,后者常致脾功能亢进(脾亢).对于同时伴有脾亢的患者,是否联合行脾脏切除,目前尚存在争议.持保脾观点的一方认为,脾切除后会降低免疫功能,增加感染机会和肝肿瘤的发生,同时会增加门静脉系统并发血栓的风险.而主张切脾的一方认为,联合脾切除作为外科治疗门脉高压症的主要方法之一,除了能降低门静脉压...     

同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术治疗原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的初步研究

目的 探讨同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术治疗原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的安全性和临床疗效.方法 对中南大学湘雅医学院附属株洲医院2017年1月至2020年6月间接受同步腹腔镜肝切除联合脾切除术的原发性肝癌并发肝硬化性脾功能亢进的15例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计患者的客观缓解率、手术情况、术后并发症发生率、术后...     

Subtotal laparoscopic splenectomy and esophagogastric devascularization for the thrombocytopenia because of portal cavernoma--case report

An 8-year-old girl presented with a history of pain in the right hypocondrium, multiple petechiae in the skin, and ecchimoses at sites of minor trauma. Laboratory investigations showed severe thrombocytopenia. Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed portal and splenic vein cavernomatous transformation and splenomegaly. The patient underwent laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy with lower pole preservation and esophagogastric devascularization. The postoperative course was uneventful. No gastrointestinal bleeding occurred within the first 34 months after surgery.

Conclusions

Thrombocytopenia associated with splenomegaly is a rare form of presentation in portal cavernoma. Preserving the spleen immune function must be a goal in surgical management, especially in children. Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy combined with esophagogastric devascularization is a difficult procedure, but it can be useful in patients with portal cavernoma and severe thrombocytopenia without gastrointestinal bleeding.     

Left-sided portal hypertension: Successful management by laparoscopic splenectomy following splenic artery embolization

INTRODUCTION

Left-sided portal hypertension is a rare clinical condition most often associated with a pancreatic disease. In case of hemorrhage from gastric fundus varices, splenectomy is indicated. Commonly, the operation is carried out by laparotomy, as portal hypertension is considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). Although some studies have reported the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach in the setting of cirrhosis-related portal hypertension, experience concerning LS in left-sided portal hypertension is lacking.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 39-year-old man was admitted to the Emergency Department for haemorrhagic shock due to acute hemorrhage from gastric fundus varices. Diagnostic work up revealed a chronic pancreatitis-related splenic vein thrombosis causing left-sided portal hypertension with gastric fundus varices and splenic cavernoma. Following splenic artery embolization (SAE), the case was successfully managed by LS.

DISCUSSION

The advantages of laparoscopic over open splenectomy include lower complication rate, quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay. Splenic artery embolization prior to LS has been used to reduce intraoperative blood losses and conversion rate, especially in complex cases of splenomegaly or cirrhosis-related portal hypertension. We report a case of complicated left-sided portal hypertension managed by LS following SAE. In spite of the presence of large varices at the splenic hilum, the operation was performed by laparoscopy without any major intraoperative complication, thanks to the reduced venous pressure achieved by SAE.

CONCLUSION

Splenic artery embolization may be a valuable adjunct in case of left-sided portal hypertension requiring splenectomy, allowing a safe dissection of the splenic vessels even by laparoscopy.     

腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术38例体会

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术的疗效以及术后并发症的预防与处理。方法〓回顾性分析2010年1月~2014年3月应用腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术治疗的38例肝炎后肝硬化伴门静脉高压症病例的临床资料。结果〓所有病例均成功完成手术。手术时间238.42±75.25 min,术中出血量200.53±90.81 mL,总住院时间22.71±7.19 d,术后住院时间12.18±4.49 d,术后胃肠动力恢复时间3.45±0.89 d。手术前后肝功能结果无明显差异,而PLT术后明显升高(48.2±19.7 vs. 术前227.5±80.5,P<0.001)。随访过程中有6例发生再出血,3例发生肝性脑病,12例发生门静脉血栓,1例胰尾脓肿均经保守治疗后好转。结论〓腹腔镜脾切除加贲门食管周围血管离断术是一种安全,有效,且创伤小的门静脉高压症治疗手段。     

手助腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术在门静脉高压症中的临床应用:附14例报告

目的探讨手助腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术在门静脉高压症中的临床应用价值。方法2005年1月至2006年2月共进行14例手助腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术。结果14例在手助腹腔镜下进行，无中转开腹病例。手术时间2～3．5h，平均2．6h。术中失血量120±350ml，平均（220±63）ml。无膈下感染、近期再出血和肝功衰竭发生。结论手助腹腔镜脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术安全、操作方便，止血确切，可有效降低手术对机体的打击和肝功能损害，具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and effective procedure for patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study was conducted retrospectively to examine whether laparoscopic splenectomy is an effective procedure for patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension in comparison to patients with a normal-sized spleen. METHODS: From September 1994 to May 2005, we performed laparoscopic splenectomy in 50 patients at Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Japan. Of these, 17 patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and 17 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with normal-size spleen were enrolled in this study, in which we compared the surgical outcome between patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and those without splenomegaly (ITP group). RESULTS: The mean operative time (splenomegaly due to portal hypertension vs ITP; 171 vs 165 min; P = 0.7433) and estimated blood loss (248 vs 258 ml; P = 0.5396) were similar in the two groups. There were two patients with complications (11.8%) in the patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and five patients with complications (29.4%) in those with ITP. All patients with splenomegaly due to portal hypertension showed appropriate increases in the platelet count following surgery. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that laparoscopic splenectomy was an effective procedure for splenomegaly due to portal hypertension, with findings being similar to those observed in patients with a normal-sized spleen (such as patients with ITP).     

Portal vein thrombosis after laparoscopic splenectomy: an ongoing clinical challenge.

OBJECTIVES: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) following open splenectomy is a potentially lethal complication with an incidence of up to 6%. The objective of this report is to describe our management of a recent laparoscopic case, discuss current therapies, and consider antiplatelet therapy for prophylaxis. METHODS: Medical records, laboratory studies, and imaging studies pertaining to a recent case of a laparoscopic splenectomy were examined. Current literature related to this topic was reviewed. RESULTS: A 16-year-old girl underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Her preoperative platelet count was 96K. She was discharged on postoperative day 1 after an uneventful operation including division of the splenic hilum with an endoscopic linear stapler. On postoperative day 20, she presented with a 5-day history of epigastric pain, nausea, and low-grade fevers without peritoneal signs. Her white blood cell count was 17.3; her platelets were 476K. Computed tomography demonstrated thrombosis of the splenic, superior mesenteric, and portal veins propagating into the liver. Heparinization was begun followed by an unsuccessful attempt at pharmacologic and mechanical thrombolysis by interventional radiology. Over the next 5 days, her pain resolved, she tolerated a full diet, was converted to oral anticoagulation and sent home. Follow-up radiographic studies demonstrated the development of venous collaterals and cavernous transformation of the portal vein. DISCUSSION: No standard therapy for PVT exists; several approaches have been described. These include systemic anticoagulation, systemic or regional medical thrombolysis, mechanical thrombolysis, and surgical thrombectomy. Unanswered questions exist about the most effective acute therapy, duration of anticoagulation, and the potential efficacy of routine prophylaxis with perioperative antiplatelet agents. PVT following splenectomy occurs with both the open and laparoscopic approach.     

保脾断流术治疗门静脉高压症

食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血是门静脉高压症患者死亡的主要原因之一,其治疗手段已经从早期外科手术一枝独秀,变成现在内镜治疗、介入治疗和手术治疗百家争鸣。由于肝移植供肝短缺,断流术在今后相当长的一段时间内依然是我国治疗门静脉高压症的主要手段之一。北京大学人民医院肝胆外科结合自身经验对传统断流手术进行改进,提出保脾断流术。该技术具有术中出血量少,手术时间短,术后并发症发生率低等优势,取得了较好的近期和远期止血效果。     

脾大部切除加断流术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症的远期疗效

目的 探讨治疗门静脉高压症的新术式。方法 对３６例肝硬变门静脉高压症病人行脾大部切除加断流术，并进行远期随访。结果 术后门静脉压力平均下降０．６８ｋＰａ。近期并发左胸腔积液９例，左膈下积液１０例，１例上消化道出血，无手术死亡，术后１年内绝大多数病人脾亢和食道静脉曲张改善或消失，Ｂ超和γ－照相显示残脾无明显增大，有吞噬功能，随访１－１０年，出现上消化道大出血，肝性脑病及死亡各２年，１年，３年和５年生     

手助腹腔镜与开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术的临床分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门脉高压症继发食管胃底静脉曲张、脾功能亢进患者行手助腹腔镜(hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery,HALS)脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术与开腹脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术(open splenectomy,OS)的肝功能变化及临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2002年1月至2008年5月施行脾切除责门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症94例,其中手助腹腔镜手术(HALS组)38例,开腹手术(OS组)56例.术前按Child法进行肝功能分级,对比分析两组手术时间、术中失血、术后并发症发生率、肝功能损害和病死率.结果 手助腹腔镜组与开腹组两组手术用时差异无显著性(P＞0.05);术中平均出血量、并发症发生率分别为5.6%和10.8%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组术后ALT比较差异无统计学意义,ALB比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),AST第5天比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);HALS组ALT、AST术后均较术前升高,但只有AST升高有统计学意义(P＜0.05);OS组ALT、AST术后均比术前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组ALB术后均比术前降低,OS组差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),HALS组仅第1、3天差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手助腹腔镜脾切除、贲门周围血管离断术对肠道和肝功能影响较开腹组小,术后并发症少,是安全可行的.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the changes in liver function and the efficacy of either hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) or open splenectomy (OS) in combination with pericardial devascularization in the treatment of portal hypertension. Methods The clinical data of 94 patients who received splenectomy combined with pericardial devascularization to treat portal hypertension due to cirrhosis from Jan 2002 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. 56 patients received OS and 38patients HALS. The operating time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, liver dysfunction and mortality were analyzed according to the Child's grading. Results There was no difference in the operating time between HALS and OS (P＞0. 05). The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were 5.6% and 10.8%, respectively (P＜0. 05). There was no significant difference in the serum ALT between HALS and OS, but there was a significant difference in the ALB (P＜0. 05). The AST also had a significant difference on postoperative day 5 (P＜0. 05). The serum ALT and AST were elevated after HALS, but there was a significant difference only for AST (P＜0.05). The serum ALT and AST in OS were significantly higher after than before operation (P＜0. 05). The serum ALB in OS was significantly lower after operation (P＜0.05), but it was significantly lower only on postoperative days 1 and 3 (P＜0.05) in HALS. Conclusions Compared with OS, HALS combined with pericardial devascularization caused less damage to the intestinal tract and the liver function. It is a feasible and safe operation and it had fewer postoperative complications.     

门静脉高压症巨脾切除术的技术改进和临床应用

目的:总结肝硬化门静脉高压症巨脾原位切除术的临床应用体会。方法:对2006年1月至2012年5月期间因肝硬化门静脉高压症施行外科手术348例病人的临床资料进行分析,详细描述原位脾切除术的手术过程。结果:所有病人均施行原位脾切除术,即先离断脾门后游离脾周韧带,术中的关键技术是建立胰后间隙。与传统脾切除术相比,原位脾切除术更有利于避免术中难以控制的出血和胃壁、胰腺等副损伤,减少手术并发症。结论:肝硬化门静脉高压症巨脾切除的顺序均应先离断脾蒂再处理脾周韧带,即原位脾切除术,较传统脾切除术更合理、安全。