改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉移植修复小腿中下段软组织缺损

目的探讨应用改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉移植修复小腿中下段软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2011年3月—2015年6月,收治15例小腿中下段皮肤软组织缺损患者。男9例,女6例;年龄22~48岁,平均32.6岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤8例,机器绞伤5例,重物压砸伤2例。受伤至入院时间为2 h~1周,平均86.2 h。创面缺损范围为13 cm×9 cm~23 cm×16 cm。入院后一期清创、负压引流治疗,二期行改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉修复创面,皮瓣切取范围15 cm×10 cm~25 cm×15 cm。供区直接缝合或游离植皮修复。修复术后4周断蒂。结果术后1例皮瓣出现血管危象,2例皮瓣部分皮缘发生坏死,经对症处理后成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮均顺利成活。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均13个月。皮瓣外观满意,质地与健侧相似,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉;术后6个月两点辨别觉为15~28 mm,平均19.5 mm。供区无瘢痕挛缩,双下肢功能均正常。结论改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣采用健侧胫前/后血管桥式交叉供血,血供可靠,供区损伤小,是修复小腿中下段大面积软组织缺损伴主干血管严重损伤的可供选择的修复方式之一。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损

目的 报道股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 应用逆行股前外侧穿支皮瓣转移修复小腿上段软组织缺损22例,皮瓣面积16cm×10 cm～25 cm×14 cm;应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复小腿中下段及足部软组织缺损6例,皮瓣面积11 cm×7 cm～18cm× 10 cm. 结果 28例皮瓣全部成活,无并发症发生,合并骨折病例骨折愈合,经10个月～5年随访,皮瓣色泽好、质地优良,除2例足背受区皮瓣外观较为臃肿需二期手术修薄外,皮瓣功能及外观满意.结论 根据伤情,灵活应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣不同术式修复小腿及足部软组织缺损可获得良好的临床效果.     

以腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿皮肤软组织严重缺损

目的：探讨小腿严重软组织缺损的显微外科治疗方法及临床效果。方法采用患肢腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣移植修复小腿胫前严重皮肤软组织缺损7例。结果7例皮瓣全部成活,效果良好。结论对小腿主干血管损伤伴骨外露、骨髓炎的大面积皮肤、软组织缺损患者,采用患肢腓肠肌内侧血管供血的游离股前外侧皮瓣可避免采用健侧血管供血的桥式皮瓣修复,有效地保护了健侧小腿的胫后动脉,缩短疗程,减少双腿固定的痛苦。     

逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣转移治疗膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染

目的 探讨以膝上外侧动脉为蒂的逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣转移治疗膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的临床疗效.方法 2007年3月至2008年3月,11例各种原因导致膝关节周围及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的患者,男8例,女3例;年龄23～65岁,平均33.4岁;左腿7例,右腿4例.病史最长8个月,最短6 h.1例为开放性创伤致膝前下方皮肤及软组织缺损伴胫骨平台骨折,予一期清创、骨折内固定及皮瓣转移治疗;10例膝周及小腿上段慢性皮肤、软组织缺损伴感染,经抗感染、清创、引流等治疗后再行逆行股前外侧皮瓣转移二期修复软组织缺损.创面面积最大12 cm×7 cm,最小6.3cm×3.0 cm.结果 11例患者均获得随访,随访时间3～6个月,平均4.7个月.所有转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣在术后全部成活.其中3例于术后1～2周因转移的皮瓣皮缘愈合差,再次行皮瓣边缘修整术.9例供区采取直接缝合,2例供区予部分缝合加植皮.术后3个月所有皮瓣均未发生坏死或感染,无膝关节活动障碍.结论 对膝周及小腿上段软组织缺损伴感染的病例,控制感染后,可采用逆行股前外侧皮瓣、肌皮瓣进行修复.股前外侧皮瓣薄,易存活,肌皮瓣可填塞空腔,抗感染力强,且供区常可直接缝合,减少手术创伤.     

桥式交叉Y形血管吻合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿严重软组织缺损的护理

目的 报道桥式交叉Y形血管吻合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿严重软组织缺损的护理观察重点.方法 应用桥式交叉Y形血管吻合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿严重软组织缺损6例.术后密切观察皮瓣血运,加强术后护理,可有效减少或预防并发症的发生.结果 6例皮瓣全部成活,质地良好,疗效满意.供区经临床观察与多普勒检查及血管造影证实胫后动脉通畅,无明显功能障碍.结论 加强围手术期的观察、护理,可促进桥式交叉Y形血管吻合股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿严重软组织缺损,恢复受区外形和生理功能,提高患者的生活质量.     

小腿复杂性软组织缺损的显微外科修复

目的 探讨小腿复杂性软组织缺损的修复.方法 针对同侧无可利用皮肤和只有一条主干血管的小腿软组织缺损,分别采用游离股前外侧皮瓣2例、逆行股前外侧皮瓣2例、小腿内侧筋膜蒂交腿皮瓣12例修复,共16例,游离皮瓣的动脉采用端侧吻合静脉端端吻合的方法.结果 术后皮瓣除1例逆行股前外皮瓣出现静脉回流障碍导致皮瓣部分坏死,余皆血运良好,交腿皮瓣3周断蒂,皮瓣均成活,供区植皮均一期成活.随访3个月～2年,皮瓣外形、色泽及膝踝关节功能满意.结论 对于小腿复杂性软组织缺损同侧无可利用的皮肤和血管时,可以根据具体情况采用远位岛状皮瓣或游离(肌)皮瓣修复.     

胫后动脉逆行皮瓣桥式交叉移植术的临床应用

目的 总结胫后动脉逆行皮瓣桥式交叉移植术的疗效.方法 对小腿严重开放性粉碎性骨折伴小腿皮肤大面积缺损,肌肉和骨质外露的病例,无法采用其他简单方法修复,采用健侧胫后动脉皮瓣制成桥式皮瓣交叉至患侧,修复患侧皮肤缺损、肌腱、骨质外露创面,皮瓣蒂部制成皮管,3～4周断蒂.结果 临床应用7例,皮瓣全部存活,术后随访6～18个月,其外形及患肢功能达到满意效果.结论 胫后动脉逆行皮瓣桥式交叉移植术是修复对侧小腿难以用简单方法修复的大面积软组织缺损一种有效的方法.     

桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损

目的 探讨桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣手术方法和临床效果.方法 应用桥式交叉"Y"形血管吻合游离股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复小腿严重软组织缺损6例.结果 皮瓣全部成活,随访8～26个月(平均13个月).皮瓣质地良好,疗效满意.健侧小腿经临床观察与多普勒检查和血管造影证实胫后动脉通畅.结论 利用旋股外侧动脉"Y"形血管蒂与健侧小腿胫后血管吻合,可以修复患侧小腿大面积软组织缺损.     

股前外-膝上外侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损

目的 介绍股前外-膝上外侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损的临床应用经验. 方法 对小腿大面积软组织缺损患者7例,采用股前外侧-膝上外侧逆行岛状皮瓣修复,术中皮瓣下端以膝上外侧动脉及降支终末支为蒂作带蒂转移,皮瓣上端以旋股外侧动脉降支或横支、高位皮支为蒂,在皮瓣转移后与小腿下段由足背动、静脉返流的胫前动、静脉作吻合. 结果 术后皮瓣均顺利完全成活,3～6个月随访皮瓣外观满意、伤口愈合良好、骨折在愈合中. 结论 利用股前外-膝上外侧逆行岛状皮瓣是修复小腿大面积软组织缺损的好方法.     

吻合静脉的逆行股前外侧皮瓣修复膝小腿上段软组织缺损

目的 吻合静脉的逆行股前外侧皮瓣修复膝小腿上段软组织缺损的方法及疗效. 方法 2007年至2012年,对5例膝周或小腿上段软组织缺损采用吻合静脉的逆行股前外侧皮瓣移植修复. 结果 5例皮瓣均存活,术后来出现明显肿胀、瘀斑、水泡等回流不畅表现,成活后皮瓣色泽、弹性、外观、功能均满意. 结论 吻合静脉的逆行股前外侧皮瓣,可有效解决膝周及小腿上段严重创伤、骨及固定物外露、软组织缺损的修复及皮瓣移植后回流不畅的问题.     

Repair of severe composite tissue defects in the lower leg using two different cross-leg free composite tissue flaps

This article reports 2 cross-leg free composite tissue flaps for repairing the severe composite tissue defects in lower leg without suitable adjacent recipient vasculature for microvascular anastomosis. The osseous myocutaneous flap of ilium and tensor fascia lata pedicled with ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex vessels and the osseous muscle flap of scapula and latissimus dorsi pedicled with subscapular vessels were performed, respectively, to reconstruct the bone and soft-tissue defects in the lower leg of 2 patients. Both donor vessels were the posterior tibial artery and great saphenous vein from the contralateral lower leg. The legs and the bone flaps were immobilized by an external fixator. The periods of pedicle division were 43 and 67 days, respectively, after transplantation. Both flaps survived after pedicle division and the patients regained the ability to walk. There were no such complications as joint stiffness or donor site morbidity except for a linear scar. The 2 cross-leg free composite tissue flaps were optional methods for salvaging limbs that were otherwise nonreconstructable. But the indication for cross-leg free-tissue flap should be limited strictly.     

The earlier clinic experience of the reverse-flow anterolateral thigh island flap.

Since Song first reported the anterolateral thigh flap in 1984, this flap has been applied widely in clinical practice. In 1997, we found that the proximal end of the vascular pedicle of the anterolateral thigh flap showed active bleeding. We therefore believed that this flap could form the reverse-flow flap, which can be used clinically. From 1997 to 2002, two patients who suffered from soft tissue defects in their lower extremities have been repaired successfully with the reversed flow anterolateral thigh island flaps. The reverse-flow anterolateral thigh island flap with reliable blood supply and long vascular pedicle can be designed to repair soft tissue defects around ipsilateral knee joint or contralateral distal rejoins of the leg, especially in the difficulty cases.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足前端缺损

目的:探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足远端缺损的效果。方法:切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣,皮瓣切取面积为8cm×16cm~15cm×18cm。供区直接缝合或断层皮片移植修复,与足背动静脉吻合,修复足前端缺损15例。结果:15例患者皮瓣均完全成活,其中4例出现静脉危象,经探查修复后缓解,患者恢复行走功能,避免了截肢。结论:股前外侧穿支皮瓣股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,是修复足远端缺损的理想选择。     

股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣修复头面部和四肢肿瘤切除后软组织缺损

目的探讨应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣,修复头面部和四肢肿瘤切除术后的方法及其效果。方法2004年4月-2006年4月,收治头面部及四肢肿瘤切除术后造成的软组织缺损,采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植共16例,男13例,女3例;年龄26-72岁。头面部肿瘤9例,其中头顶部基底细胞癌1例,面部鳞状细胞癌4例（包括肿瘤复发1例）,腮腺癌4例;软组织缺损范围8cm×6cm-20cm×13cm,病程6-24个月。四肢肉瘤7例,其中上肢2例,下肢4例,小腿复发1例;软组织缺损范围10cm×7cm-21cm×12cm,病程2-18个月。结果16例应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复,15例皮瓣全部成活,1例皮瓣远端约2.5cm宽范围缺血坏死;14例创口期愈合;2例创口期愈合,其中1例经切除坏死组织,直接缝合后期愈合,另1例创口有3cm裂口,经换药后期愈合。术后随访1-18个月,肿瘤无复发,供受区外观良好,平整,无明显瘢痕及功能影响;受区修复效果满意。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植,修复效果好,对供区损伤小,是一种较理想的修复头面和四肢肿瘤切除术后软组织缺损的方法。     

股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损

目的 探讨吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2005年6月至2008年7月,将股前外侧皮瓣与腓骨皮瓣的轴心血管串联吻合后移植修复8例小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴大段胫骨缺损患者.皮肤软组织缺损面积为23 cm×12cm～34 cm×16 cm,骨缺损长度为7～16 cm.股前外侧皮瓣切取面积为16 cm×12 cm～28 cm×15cm,腓骨皮瓣切取面积为15 cm×6 cm～21 cm×10 cm,腓骨切取长度为10～18 cm.结果 7例串联组织瓣一期成活,1例术后皮瓣远端边缘坏死,经换药伤口逐渐愈合.8例患者术后获7～31个月(平均16个月)随访.3～6个月移植腓骨愈合,术后1年移植腓骨直径明显增粗.所有皮瓣质地柔软,形态及功能满意,供区无功能障碍.结论 应用股前外侧皮瓣串联腓骨皮瓣联合移植能有效修复小腿大面积皮肤软组织伴骨缺损,且缩短了病程,减少了肢体的伤残率.     

The 'propeller' distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap. Anatomic study and clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: The leg and peripatellar region have always been known as a poor source of available flaps. One flap donor site that has proven to be adequate is the distal anteromedial half of the thigh. Due to the potential and plentiful vascular sources of this anatomic region we decided to study the distal anteromedial thigh and its clinical applications. ANATOMIC STUDY: Sixteen cryopreserved inferior limbs were latex-injected in the femoral artery and the skin perforators of the distal anteromedial thigh and their source vessels were studied. CLINICAL STUDY: In a period between December 2000 and June 2005, skin islands from the distal anteromedial aspect of the thigh of six patients were transferred, as local perforator flaps, to reconstruct the peripatellar region and upper leg soft tissue defects. Every flap was based on a single adequate perforator vessel. The tissue was rotated, as a 'propeller', through 180 degrees and the flap was named 'the propeller distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap'. RESULTS: In the distal anteromedial thigh the anatomic variability includes not only perforator vessels but also their source vessels. Skin perforators can come from each of the deep vessels. Our clinical results, with a follow up of 1-4 years, show no total flap losses. Partial necrosis > 20% happened in one diabetic patient. CONCLUSION: The propeller distal anteromedial thigh perforator flap can be reliably transferred based on only one adequate perforator vessel. It reduces the morbidity and improves the availability of the distal anteromedial thigh as a flap donor site and represents an additional reconstructive option for knee and upper leg defects.     

Salvage of the lower extremity free flap using cross-leg venous repair.

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate a salvage technique for free flaps suffering venous congestion by using a cross-leg vein repair in patients with venous-impaired lower extremities. Four free flap reconstructions were performed using the latissimus dorsi muscle to reconstruct soft tissue defects in the lower extremity. The recipient artery was confined to the ipsilateral leg and the venous anastomosis was performed with a long saphenous vein from the contralateral side. The legs were immobilised together by means of an external fixator. All patients were males with a mean age of 31 years. The mean time of pedicle division was 8.8 days (7-10). The mean size of the free flap was 186.5 cm(2). All flaps survived after pedicle division without venous congestion. There were no complications such as joint stiffness or donor site morbidity except for a linear scar. The cross-leg venous repair is a refinement of a salvage procedure for compromised free flaps used in the reconstruction of severe soft tissue defects in vascularly compromised lower extremities.     

削薄股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复舌癌术后缺损

目的探讨削薄游离股前外侧皮瓣修复舌癌术后缺损的效果。方法对2003年6月至2007年9月采用削薄游离股前外侧皮瓣同期修复舌癌术后组织缺损17例资料进行分析。结果17例游离皮瓣中，15例皮瓣全部成活，2例皮瓣远端近舌尖处部分坏死，1例腿部供区皮下积液，换药后痊愈。随访3个月-4年，舌功能良好，下肢无运动障碍。1例（T2N2M0）14个月后死亡，1例（T3N1M0）6个月后局部复发冉次手术。结论削薄股前外侧皮瓣游离移植，修复效果好，对供区影响小，是修复舌癌术后缺损较理想的方法。     

Distally based anterolateral thigh flap: an underutilized option for peri-patellar wound coverage

Wound coverage in the supra-patellar area presents a significant challenge for orthopaedic and reconstructive surgeons due to the need for preservation of knee joint function but the paucity of regional soft tissue flaps available. While many orthopaedic and reconstructive surgeons make use of the rotational gastrocnemius flap for coverage of peri-patellar defects, this flap has certain limitations. The goal of this study was to report a single-centre experience with the use of the distally based anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) and review the current literature on the use of the ALT for peri-patellar defects. In this report, both a single-centre experience using distally based anterolateral thigh (ALT) island flaps for supra-patellar wound coverage and the existing literature on this topic were reviewed. A systematic literature review was performed to assess the use of the ALT for peri-patellar wounds. Five patients with a mean age of 69 underwent a distally based ALT flap for coverage of peri-patellar defects. Four out of 5 flaps survived at the end of their respective follow-up. Based on this combined experience, the distally based reverse-flow anterolateral thigh island flap represents a useful but relatively underutilized option for appropriately selected supra-patellar wounds due to minimal donor site morbidity, multiple flap components, and predictable pedicle anatomy. The flap’s major weakness is its potentially unreliable venous drainage, requiring delay or secondary venous outflow anastomosis. Given the ALT flap’s favourable profile, the authors recommend consideration for its use when managing a peri-patellar coverage wound issue.     

股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对62例伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积6 cm×4 cm~25 cm×15 cm。术前、术中彻底清创受区,切取股前外侧皮瓣修复创面,处理血管危象。结果 62例均获得随访,时间6~12个月。出现血管危象6例,经及时处理后皮瓣恢复血液循环5例,皮瓣坏死1例,成功率为98.39%。结论股前外侧皮瓣供区隐蔽,简便实用,可用于伴有骨外露的四肢皮肤软组织缺损修复。