消疲方对疲劳大鼠自由基代谢及睾酮、皮质酮的影响

目的 探讨消疲方的抗疲劳机制.方法 选用SD雄性大鼠,分为对照组、模型组和中药组,每组11只.采用21天力竭游泳方式制作运动性疲劳模型.中药组采用常规剂量灌胃给药,每日1次,共21天.采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA);采用比色法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX);采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD);采用ELISA方法测定睾酮(T)和皮质酮(C).观察末次运动24h后大鼠睾丸、肝脏和血清MDA和GSH含量、GSH-PX和SOD活性,以及血清T和C浓度的变化,并计算T/C.结果 (1)模型组与对照组相比:模型组血清MDA显著升高(P＜0.05),而睾丸、肝脏MDA与对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);睾丸、肝脏和血清GSH和GSH-PX均显著降低(P＜0.01,0.01,0.01);肝脏SOD显著降低(P＜0.05),而睾丸、血清SOD与对照组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);模型组血清T、C明显升高(P＜0.01,0.01),T/C明显降低(P＜0.05).(2)中药组与模型组相比:中药组睾丸MDA明显降低(P＜0.05),而肝脏、血清MDA与模型组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);肝脏、睾丸和血清GSH均显著增高(P＜0.05,0.01,0.01);肝脏、睾丸GSH-PX显著增高(P＜0.01,0.01),而血清GSH-PX与模型组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);肝脏SOD显著增高(P＜0.05),而睾丸和血清SOD与模型组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05);中药组血清C明显降低(P＜0.01),T/C明显升高(P＜0.05),而T与模型组比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 消疲方可以通过增强机体的抗自由基氧化酶活性、提高T/C比值,发挥抗疲劳作用.     

不同剂量6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肾损伤的影响

目的研究6%羟乙基淀粉(HES)130/0.4预先给药对大鼠内毒素性急性肾损伤的影响及其机制。方法48只SD♂大鼠随机均分为6组。对照组(C组):经尾静脉注射生理盐水(NS)30ml/kg;模型组(L组)和H1、H2、H3组:先分别经尾静脉注射NS30ml/kg、6%HES130/0.47.5、15、30ml/kg,1h后再经尾静脉注射内毒素(LPS)5mg/kg;H4组:经尾静脉注射6%HES130/0.430ml/kg。所有动物均0.2ml/min恒速给药。LPS注射4h后行动脉血气分析,放血处死动物。检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr),观察肾组织病理学改变。结果与C组比较:L、H1、H2、H3组pH、PaO2降低,PaCO2、血清TNF-α、MDA、SOD、BUN、Cr水平升高(P<0.05);与L组比较:H1、H2、H3组PaO2升高,PaCO2降低(P<0.05);与L组比较:H1、H2组TNF-α、MDA水平降低,SOD水平升高,H3组BUN、Cr水平升高(P<0.05);与H3组比较:H1、H2组BUN、Cr水平降低(P<0.05),H2组TNF-α、MDA水平降低,SOD水平升高(P<0.05);C组与H4组各指标组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论单独大剂量(30ml/kg)HES130/0.4对大鼠肾无明显损伤;中、小剂量(15、7.5ml/kg)预先使用HES130/0.4可改善内毒素性炎症反应,不加重肾损伤;大剂量(30ml/kg)可加重内毒素性大鼠急性肾损伤。     

小剂量多频次静脉补铁对维持性血透患者氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨不同静脉补铁方式对维持性血透(MHD) 患者贫血和氧化应激的影响。方法:选择MHD 患者58 例,随机分为3 组,小剂量多频次静脉补铁组(蔗糖铁25 mg,每周2 次,共8 周,n=19)、常规剂量少频次静脉补铁组(蔗糖铁100 mg,每两周1 次,共8 周,n=19) 及不补铁组(n=20),另设健康对照组(n=20)。观察各组用药前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TAST) 等疗效指标以及血清丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO) 等氧化应激指标的变化。结果:静脉补铁组患者Hb,HCT,SF,TSAT 水平均比用药前升高(P>0.01),但两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与不补铁组比较,静脉补铁组单次血透后血清MDA,MPO 值明显增高(P<0.01),SOD 值明显降低(P<0.01);常规剂量少频次补铁组较小剂量多频次补铁组单次血透后MDA[(6.37±1.67) nmol/mL vs (5.37±0.73) nmol/mL] 和MPO[(96.75±16.97) U/L vs (81.41±7.60) U/L] 值增高更明显(P<0.01),SOD[(68.23±4.90) U/mL vs (84.77±14.02) U/mL] 值降低更显著(P<0.01)。治疗8 周后,静脉补铁组间MDA,MPO,SOD 值比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小剂量多频次静脉补铁可有效改善MHD 患者贫血,增加铁储备,单次诱导的急性氧化应激水平低于常规剂量静脉铁剂,是一种相对安全有效的静脉补铁方式。     

依达拉奉对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨依达拉奉(Edaravone)对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)的保护作用。方法:7日龄新生SD大鼠122只随机分为缺氧缺血组(HI组)、大剂量治疗组、小剂量治疗组和假手术对照组,制成HIBD动物模型,在缺氧缺血(hypoxia-is-chemia,HI)后即刻分别腹腔注射依达拉奉或生理盐水,连续注射5天。HI后24、48、72h各时间点检测脑组织匀浆MDA和SOD含量;电镜观察海马超微结构变化;TUNEL法检测HI后72h各组脑皮层神经细胞凋亡;Morris水迷宫实验评价35天学习和记忆能力变化。结果:HI后24、48、72h各时间点,大剂量治疗组与HI组MDA和SOD含量相比差异有极其显著性(P<0.01),小剂量治疗组与HI组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);TUNEL染色结果示HI后72h各组缺血侧脑皮层凋亡细胞数,大剂量治疗组[(206.83±21.94)个/2500个细胞]较HI组[(317.67±24.27)个/2500个细胞]明显减少,差异有显著性(P<0.01),而小剂量治疗组[(301.30±17.61)个/2500个细胞]较HI组也减少,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:缺氧缺血后腹腔注射大剂量依达拉奉对新生鼠HIBD有明显保护作用。     

维生素C对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激的影响

目的 观察静脉补充维生素C(VitC)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者氧化应激的影响.方法 12例MHD患者在每次透析开始后静脉注射VitC 300mg,每周3次,连续4周,选用同年龄、性别的健康人作为对照组,分别检测2组实验前和实验组4周后氧化应激指标血清丙二醛(MDA)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的含量.结果 与对照组比较,MHD患者MDA含量升高,SOD、GSH-Px含量降低(P＜0.05);补充VitC 4周后,SOD、GSH-Px含量明显升高,与治疗前比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),MDA含量有所降低,但与治疗前比较无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 MHD患者氧化应激明显,静脉补充VitC后可在一定程度上减轻氧化应激的水平.     

阿奇霉素对稳定期COPD患者氧化/抗氧化失衡的影响

目的分析大环内酯类药物在COPD抗氧化治疗中的作用。方法选取稳定期COPD患者60例,随机分为两组,联合用药组(30例)给予小剂量阿奇霉素口服,对照组(30例)只给予常规治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察血清中MDA、SOD、GSH、GSH-Px的变化,并进行QOL评估。结果治疗后治疗组SOD、GSH、GSH-Px较治疗前明显升高(P<0.05),QOL评分、血清MDA较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05);治疗后治疗组血清SOD、GSH、GSH-Px、MDA、QOL评分与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论长期小剂量使用阿奇霉素可改善稳定期COPD患者的体内氧化应激状态,并能较明显地提高患者的QOL。     

静脉补铁联合还原性谷胱甘肽对维持性血液透析患者氧化应激的影响

目的 观察维持性血液透析(MHD)患者在静脉补铁治疗肾性贫血的过程中,联合应用还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)对体内氧化应激(OS)的影响.方法 选择MHD患者40例,随机分为静脉补铁组(Fe组)20例,静脉补铁联合GSH组(Fe+GSH组)20例,治疗8周后观察用药前后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)、血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TAST)以及血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)等指标的变化.结果 治疗8周后,Fe组和Fe+GSH组Hb,Hct水平均较治疗前明显升高(P<0.01),与Fe组相比,Fe+GSH组Hb、Hct水平改善明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗8周后Fe组和Fe+GSH组SF与TAST水平较治疗前显著增高(P<0.01),Fe组和Fe+GSH组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗8周后,Fe组MDA较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-px显著下降(P<0.05),而Fe+GSH组各项氧化应激指标较治疗前无明显改变(P>0.05),Fe组和Fe+GSH组之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 静脉补铁可有效改善MHD患者贫血及缺铁,但也加剧了患者体内的氧化应激状态,联合应用GSH可有效抑制患者体内氧化应激状态.     

异丙酚与安氟醚或七氟醚静吸复合麻醉对氧自由基的影响

目的:观察异丙酚与安氟醚、七氟醚静吸复合麻醉对氧自由基的影响.方法:32例择期手术的全麻病人,随机分为4组(每组8例),分别给予安氟醚麻醉(A组)、七氟醚麻醉(B组)、异丙酚-安氟醚麻醉(C组)、异丙酚-七氟醚麻醉(D组).其中A、B组为对照组,C、D组为观察组.分别于麻醉前及麻醉诱导后15min、1h和2h采集静脉血测红细胞超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、血清丙二醛(MDA).结果:麻醉后,A、B两组SOD值均逐渐下降,MDA值均逐渐升高,麻醉诱导后2hSOD、MDA值较麻醉前差异均有显著性(P<0.05),但A、B两组相比较,SOD、MDA值差异均无显著性(P>0.05);C、D两组SOD值较麻醉前均有下降趋势,但差异均无显著性(P>0.05),MDA值较麻醉前均逐渐下降,并于麻醉诱导后2 h差异均有显著性(P<0.05),但C、D两组相比较SOD、MDA值差异均无显著性(P>0.05).A与C组之间相比较及B与D组之间相比较,SOD值在麻醉诱导后2h差异均有显著性(P<0.05);MDA值在麻醉诱导后1 h及2 h差异均有显著性(P<0.05、P<0.01).结论:安氟醚和七氟醚均能产生自由基使MAD升高、SOD下降;临床麻醉剂量的异丙酚能有效地清除自由基、降低MDA.     

硫辛酸预处理对腹膜透析患者静脉铁剂治疗诱导的氧化应激反应的影响

目的 观察硫辛酸预处理对持续性不卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者接受静脉铁剂治疗诱导的急性氧化应激反应的影响.方法 40例CAPD患者先后接受单纯静脉铁剂治疗(Fe组)和先给予硫辛酸静脉滴注后的静脉铁剂治疗(Lipoic+Fe组),两次治疗间隔8周以上;分别于静脉铁剂滴注前(0时点)和滴注后10、60、120、240 min时点采集血样,可见光分光光度计测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及血清丙二醛(MDA)水平.以20名健康志愿者作为正常对照组.结果 与正常对照组相比,Fe组和Lipoic+Fe组0时点血清SOD和GSH-Px活性降低,MDA水平升高(P<0.05).Fe组和Lipoic+Fe组静脉补铁后,血清SOD和GSH-Px活性下降,MDA水平升高,分别于60 min时点达到谷值或峰值.Lipoic+Fe组各时点血清SOD和GSH-Px活性均显著高于Fe组(P<0.05),MDA水平均显著低于Fe组(P<0.05).结论 静脉补铁可使CAPD患者的氧化应激状态急性加重;预防性应用硫辛酸可在一定程度上减轻静脉铁剂诱导的氧化应激反应.     

葡萄糖浓度波动对体外内皮细胞丙二醛和抗氧化因子影响

目的 研究波动性葡萄糖和恒定高葡萄糖对体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC)的氧化应激因子丙二醛(maleic dialdehyde,MDA)和谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)及超氧化物歧化酶(super oxide dismutase,SOD)含量的影响,探讨波动性葡萄糖造成糖尿病慢性血管并发症的可能机制.方法 体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞株,分为正常对照(normal control,NG)组(葡萄糖浓度为5.5 mmol/L);恒定高葡萄糖(constant high glucose,HG)组(含葡萄糖浓度为25 mmol/L);波动性葡萄糖(fluctuated glucose,FG)组(葡萄糖浓度为5.5 mmol/L与葡萄糖浓度为25 mmol/L 2种条件培养液,每8 h更换1次);NG组和HG组同样每8 h更换培养液,共作用72 h.用分光光度比色法检测MDA、GSH,SOD的含量或活力.结果 FG组与HG组相比,MDA含量明显上升[(7.63±0.42)μmol/L比(6.54±0.35)μmol/L,P<0.05]; GSH、SOD含量或活力明显下降,差异有统计学意义[分别为(78.47±2.77)mg/L比(86.43±2.79)mg/L,P<0.05;(28.57±2.75)U/mL比(33.66±1.71)U/mL,P<0.01]. FG组和HG组与NG组相比,MDA含量明显上升,GSH、SOD含量或活力明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01).结论 波动性葡萄糖可能比持续高血糖对血管内皮损害更大.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.