腹腔镜胆囊切除改开腹手术54例原因分析

腹腔镜胆囊切除改开腹手术５４例原因分析解放军４７４医院外一科（乌鲁木齐市北京北路２６号８３００１１）师龙生，朱炳光，黄玉新，段留新我院自１９９１年１０月以来，共施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（ＬＣ）２２００例，因胆囊粘连、萎缩，急性炎症或严重水肿，胆囊管粗大无...     

经腹腔镜和传统开腹胆囊切除的比较分析

经腹腔镜胆囊切除（ＬＣ）和传统开腹胆囊切除（ＯＣ）各４００例的对比分析，两组病例基本情况相近，ＯＣ组病理复杂的困难病例较多。结果表明ＬＣ组与ＯＣ组相比术后需用止痛剂者明显减少，平均肠鸣恢复和肛门通气早１９ｈ，进食时间早一天，住院时间短２天，无切口疤痕收缩不适与牵拉感。两组总的并发症相近，但严重并发症ＬＣ组高于ＯＣ组。提示除加强ＬＣ组的技术训练外，恰当选择适应证、注意预防严重并发症才能更好地发挥ＬＣ的优越性。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹原因分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)中转开腹的原因及中转开腹的必要性。方法对我院2004-10～2009-09的286例LC手术中14例中转开腹的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果286例LC术中,结石性慢性胆囊炎、结石性急性胆囊炎、胆囊息肉分别为183例、70例、33例;中转开腹分别为4例、11例、0例;中转率分别为2.19%、15.71%、0%。平均为5.24%。全组均痊愈。结论胆囊包裹性粘连、结石嵌顿、出血、合并胆总管结石、胆管变异及Mirizzi综合征等是中转开腹的主要原因,适时中转开腹是预防LC并发症的重要措施。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术心率变异性的变化

目的　观察腹腔镜胆囊切除手术 (Laparoscopiccholecystectomy,LC)中 ,麻醉、头高位及CO2气腹对心率变异性 (Heartratevariability ,HRV)的影响。　方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的择期腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LaparoscopicCholocystectormy ,LC) 2 0例 ,异氟醚维持麻醉。腹腔充CO2 气体 ,维持腹内压 11mmHg～13mmHg。分别在清醒平仰位及头高位 15°～ 2 0°、麻醉平稳后平仰位及头高位、充气后 10分钟、2 0分钟测定HRV。采用频域分析法 ,得出心率功率谱图。HRV总功率 (TP)频段范围是 0Hz～ 0 5Hz ,其中低频(LF) 0 0 3Hz～ 0 15Hz,高频 (HF) 0 15Hz～ 0 35Hz。　结果　头高位对HRV无明显影响 ,麻醉使HF、LF、TP均明显下降。腹腔内充入CO2 后 ,LF、LF标准化值 (Normalizedunit,nuLF)及LF HF明显上升 ,其中LF HF由 2 15± 1 16上升至 4 6 1± 2 0 4 (q =4 4 91,P <0 0 1) ,nuLF由 39 36 %± 9 6 3%上升至 6 1 82 %±10 81% (q =5 180 ,P <0 0 1)。气腹后HF和TP无明显改变 ,nuHF在各观察点均无明显差异。　结论　CO2 气腹后代表交感活性的nuLF及LF HF上升 ,表明CO2 气腹使心交感活性提高。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除中转开腹手术83例临床分析

1992年 5月 - 2 0 0 2年 7月我院共施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (Ｌａｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃｃｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ ,ＬＣ) 2 15 2例 ,术中中转开腹手术 83例 ,中转开腹率 3.85 % ,现报道如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　　本组男性 35例 ,女性 4 8例 ,年龄 2 0 - 87岁 ,平均5 7.71岁。慢性结石性胆囊炎 2 5例 ,其中包括慢性萎缩性胆囊炎 11例、结石充满型胆囊炎 6例 ;慢性结石性胆囊炎急性发作 2 5例 ;结石嵌顿胆囊急性炎变 2 9例 ;胆囊胃瘘 1例 ;胆囊息肉样变 3例。1 .2　中转开腹原因　　粘连重、炎症重 5 3例 (6 3.9% ) ,其中胆囊三…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹手术中的时机选择

本院于1998年2月～2000年4月共开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)1101例,由于各种原因而中转开腹手术(OC)共108例(占0.81%)。本文就中转开腹的手术时机进行探讨,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料本组1101例患者,其中女性823例,男性278例,年龄38～71岁,平均年龄48.3岁。胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎1017例(有症状者993例,无症状者24例),胆囊息肉样病变83例,胆囊结石合并胆囊癌1例。附表　中转开腹原因　　原　因n(%)包裹性粘连6459.75胆囊萎缩1513.89结石嵌顿穿孔1110.19胆管变异87.41胆管损伤54.62出血43.70胆囊癌10.931.2　结果LC完成993例,108例中…     

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合手术

腹腔镜联合手术指的是在1次腹腔镜手术中同时处理两种或以上腹部疾病的手术。本院自1999年1月至2004年12月共开展的124例腹腔镜胆囊切除联合手术。现总结报告如下。     

腹腔镜与开腹手术在胆囊切除术中的对比

目的对比研究腹腔镜与开腹手术在胆囊切除术中的效果。方法将沈丘县人民医院2005年1月至2006年12月收治的100例胆囊疾病患者,随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组。腹腔镜组50例,采用四孔法引入腹腔镜器械切除胆囊;开腹手术组50例,采用用经右上腹直肌切口切除胆囊。结果腹腔镜手术组手术时间、、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后镇痛药物应用、切口感染情况及住院时间明显优于开腹手术组(P<0.01)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术是治疗胆囊良性疾病的金标准。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除手术206例报告

我院 2 0 0 1年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 12月行腹腔镜微创手术2 0 6例 ,男 4 4例 ,女 16 2例 ,男女比例为 1∶3.7,年龄 2 3～ 80岁 ,平均 4 6 .2岁。其中胆囊切除 2 0 4例 (胆囊切除加阑尾切除 1例 ) ,肝囊肿开窗引流 2例。既往有腹部手术史的 36例 ,其中外伤性脾破裂行脾切除术 1例 ,阑尾切除术 8例 ,腹股沟疝修补术 6例 ,部腹产术 18例 ,输卵管结扎 3例。合并高血压病 12例 ,合并糖尿病 3例。本组患者除 1例采用持续硬膜外麻醉外 ,其余均采用气管插管、全麻 ,建立CO2 气腹 ,压力设定为 1.6kPa ,应用德国R .wolf电子腹腔镜及配套器械操作。胆囊…     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with previous abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystctomy has become the treatment of choice for symptomatic gallstones. The potential risks have dissuaded some surgeons from using the laparoscopic procedure in patients with previous abdominal surgery. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of previous abdominal surgery on the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: This study included 600 well-documented patients with gallstones who underwent laparoscopic cholecystctomy at our surgical department between May 2000 and January 2004. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1, patients without a history of previous abdominal surgery (n = 408); group 2, patients with a history of upper abdominal surgery (n = 92); group 3, patients with a history of lower abdominal surgery (n = 100). The data were collected and analyzed for open conversion rates, operative times, perioperative and postoperative complications, and hospital stay. RESULTS: Of the 600 study patients, 192 had undergone previous abdominal surgery (92 upper, 100 lower). Conversion rate, hospital stay, and complication rates were similar in each group. Mean operating time was the longest (57 +/- 9.8 min) in patients with previous upper abdominal surgery (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the operative time was similar in groups 1 and 3 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous abdominal surgery is not a contraindication to safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, previous upper abdominal surgery is associated with a prolonged operation time.     

多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的　探讨多次上腹部手术后腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)的可行性及特点。　方法　连续进行 35例多次 (≥ 2次 )上腹部手术后LC。　结果　LC成功 2 1例 ,成功率 6 0 0 % (2 1 35 )。 2次上腹部手术后LC成功率 6 2 5 % (2 0 32 ) ,3次上腹部手术后LC成功率为 1 3。 14例中转开腹 ,中转率 4 0 0 % ,平均手术时间 6 8 7min ,中转率与手术时间均明显高于同期无上腹手术病史患者。无手术并发症发生。　结论　多次上腹部手术史不应成为LC的禁忌证 ,但手术难度加大 ,中转率增高 ,手术时间延长 ,对手术医师的要求较高。     

三戳孔腹外牵拉胆囊腹腔镜胆囊切除术

目的 探索创伤更小显露更好的腹腔镜胆囊切除的方法。方法 在行三孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术时,用圆直针七号线经右侧第八肋间穿入腹腔,缝扎胆囊底,在腹外牵拉胆囊,帮助暴露手术野。以此法行LC90例结果全部手术经过均顺利,术后恢复良好,无并发症。结论 三戳孔腹外牵拉腹腔镜胆囊切除术比常规腹腔镜胆囊切除术损伤更小,暴露更清楚,只要两名手术就可完成手术。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with previous upper or lower abdominal surgery

Background: Previous abdominal surgery has been reported as a relative contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study specifically examined the effect of previous intraabdominal surgery on the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Data from 1,638 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were reviewed and analyzed for open conversion rates, operative times, intra- and postoperative complications, and hospital stay. Results: Of the 1,638 study patients 473 (28.9%) had undergone previous abdominal surgery: 58 upper and 415 lower abdominal operations. The 262 patients who had undergone only a previous appendectomy were excluded from further analysis. Adhesions were found in 70.7%, 58.8% and 2.1% of patients respectively, who had previous upper, lower or no previous abdominal surgery with adhesiolysis required, respectively, in 78%, 30% and 0% of these cases. There were no complications directly attributable to adhesiolysis. Patients with previous upper abdominal surgery had a longer operating time (66.4 ± 34.2 min), a higher open conversion rate (19%), a higher incidence of postoperative wound infection (5.2%), and a longer postoperative stay (3.4 ± 2.1 days) than those who had undergone previous lower abdominal surgery (50.8 ± 24 min, 3.3%, 0.7%, and 2.6 ± 1.4 days, respectively) and those without prior abdominal surgery (47.4 ± 25.6 min, 5.4%, 1.2%, and 2.8 ± 1.9 days, respectively). Conclusions: Previous abdominal operations, even in the upper abdomen, are not a contraindication to safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, previous upper abdominal surgery is associated with an increased need for adhesiolysis, a higher open conversion rate, a prolonged operating time, an increased incidence of postoperative wound infection, and a longer postoperative stay.     

腹部复杂粘连腹腔镜胆囊切除术12例分析

目的分析12例因腹部多次手术造成腹腔复杂粘连的患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的安全性、可行性。 方法回顾性分析研究12例多次腹部手术后腹部复杂粘连腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的临床资料。 结果12例患者中,11例顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,1例中转开腹。手术时间33～108 min,平均(59.3 ± 17.2)min。术中使用3～6个Trocar。术后住院时间3～8 d,平均(4.2 ± 1.5)d。所有患者随访6个月,均未出现出血、胆漏、胆管损伤等并发症。 结论多次腹部手术后腹腔复杂粘连患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全、可行,患者创伤小、术后恢复快。     

上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床体会

目的:探讨有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscop ic cholecystectomy,LC)的可行性及要点。方法:回顾分析2004年10月至2010年12月为128例有上腹部手术史的患者施行LC的临床资料。结果:115例成功完成LC,13例中转开腹,成功率89.84%。LC组手术时间35~240m in,平均(67.7±19.4)m in;中转组73~225m in,平均(89.3±16.8)m in。LC组术中出血量5~100m l,平均(23.7±10.6)m l;中转组50~1 000m l,平均(200.6±45.9)m。lLC组术后住院3~5d,平均(3.6±0.8)d;中转组8~23d,平均(11.3±3.4)d。LC组术后无并发症发生;中转开腹组1例切口脂肪液化,1例切口感染,无其他并发症发生。所有病例均治愈出院。结论:有上腹部手术史不应成为LC的禁忌,但具体术式应根据术前判断和患者的具体情况决定。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with a history of gastrectomy

PURPOSE: Previous gastrectomy has been considered a relative contraindication to laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy. METHODS: From a database of 1 104 consecutive patients with symptomatic gallstone disease, who underwent LC between April 1992 and January 2007, 51 (4.6%) had undergone previous gastrectomy: for gastric cancer (n = 36) or gastroduodenal ulcer (n = 15). We compared the operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, and postoperative hospital stay between patients with, and those without, a history of gastrectomy. RESULTS: The incidence of common bile duct stones was significantly higher (33.3% vs 8.6%, P < 0.001) and operative time was significantly longer (111.2 min vs 77.9 min, P < 0.001) in the patients with a history of gastrectomy. There was no significant difference in operative time between the first-half and second-half periods. Conversion to an open cholecystectomy was required in two patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood loss, conversion rate, morbidity rate, diet resumption, or postoperative hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstone disease in patients with a history of gastrectomy, although previous gastrectomy is associated with an increased need for adhesiolysis and a longer operative time.     

老年患者全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术后转运途中的低氧血症

目的 探讨老年患者全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术后转运途中低氧血症的发生。方法 术毕围拔管期连续监测SPO2，重点观察转运途中1、2、3、4、5min内有无低氧血症的发生。结果 100例中有15例SPO2降至≤92％，低氧血症发生率为15％(15／100)。结论 为防止老年患者术后从手术室到病房转运途中发生低氧血症，必须进行SNO2监测和持续吸氧治疗。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with an ultrasound surgical aspirator

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy using an ultrasound surgical aspirator has been performed in our department since March 1991. The horn cover was altered in order to be inserted through a trocar 10 mm in diameter. The main purpose of this device is to explore Calot's triangle by fragmentation and aspiration of the fatty tissue without damaging the nerves, vessels, and cystic duct. First the serosa of the Calot's triangle is cut via electrocautery with the sharp-angle hook dissector we designed. Then the cystic duct and cystic artery are efficiently exposed by the ultrasound surgical aspirator. This procedure is perfectly adapted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We obtained favorable results with the ultrasound surgical aspirator in 135 cases including 40 cases with a negative gallbladder, as evaluated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. In conclusion, the ultrasound surgical aspirator is suitable for skeletonizing the cystic duct and cystic artery, and the procedure is perfectly safe.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中粗大胆囊管处理体会

目的　探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中粗大胆囊管的处理方法。　方法　回顾分析 1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月我院 10 5 2例LC中 2 4例粗大胆囊管的临床资料 ,其中胆囊管 (0 4～ 0 6 )cm 12例 ,(0 6～0 8)cm 8例 ,(0 8～ 1 0 )cm 2例 ,>1cm 2例。分别采用二夹法 (10例 ) ,三夹法 (5例 ) ,梯形钳夹法 (6例 ) ,旋转钳夹法 (3例 )处理。　结果　 2 1例顺利完成LC ,3例因术中出血中转开腹。全组无胆漏、膈下积液发生。　结论　腹腔镜胆囊切除术中粗大胆囊管采取不同方法处理可顺利完成LC。