晚发性精神分裂症患者幻听与负性情感、事件相关电位关系研究

目的 比较晚发性精神分裂症幻听与负性情感、听觉事件相关电位的关系。方法对20例有幻听的患者和15例无幻听的精神分裂症患者进行汉密尔顿抑郁（HAMD）和焦虑量表（HAMA）评估，同时比较两组P300波幅和潜伏期。结果和无幻听组比较，幻听组HAMA总分明显增高，而HAMD总分两组差异没有显著性；幻听组P300成分中N2和P3潜伏期明显延长，P2波幅明显降低。结论 晚发性精神分裂症幻听可能与负性情感、P300异常有关．P300改变可能是晚发性精神分裂症患者幻听的病理生理基础之一。     

有无幻听精神分裂症患者事件相关诱发电位P300测定分析

目的:探讨伴或不伴幻听对精神分裂症患者事件相关诱发电位P300的影响。方法:共收集18例伴有幻听和26例不伴幻听的首发精神分裂症患者,进行事件相关诱发电位P300测定,并用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)判定其精神症状。结果:事件相关诱发电位P300测定显示伴有幻听精神分裂症患者P3波潜伏期延长,波幅降低,与不伴幻听的精神分裂症患者相比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。相关分析显示P3波潜伏期与幻听呈显著正相关(r=0.29,P<0.05),波幅与幻听呈显著负相关(r=-0.18,P<0.05)。结论:伴或不伴幻听的精神分裂症可能有不同的神经生物学基础。     

Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症事件相关电位对比及相关性研究

目的探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ型精神分裂症患者事件相关电位P300的特点及事件相关电位与阴性、阳性症状的相关性.方法对46例精神分裂症患者及32名健康志愿者进行事件相关电位P300的检测,并把患者组按PANSS的评分结果分为Ⅰ型精神分裂症和II型精神分裂症.结果与正常组比较,患者组靶刺激时P300的N2、P3潜伏期延迟(P＜0.01～0.05),P2、P3波幅降低(P＜0.01～0.05);与Ⅰ型组比较,Ⅱ型组靶刺激的N1、P2、N2和P3潜伏期均明显延迟(P＜0.01～0.05),P3波幅明显降低(P＜0.05);P300的主要指标与精神症状有相关性(P＜0.01～0.05).结论提示事件相关电位P300在协助精神分裂症的诊断、分型及推测预后方面有一定意义.     

精神分裂症患者责任能力与P300电位及人格因素的关系

目的探讨P300电位及人格测定在精神分裂症司法鉴定责任能力评定中的价值.方法对110名经司法鉴定为无或限定责任能力的精神分裂症患者及60名正常者进行了P300电位及艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)测定,并将结果加以比较.结果无责任能力组及限定责任能力组的精神分裂症患者P300电位中 N2[(266.5±24.5)ms、(248.0±22.9)ms]和P3[(369.2±28.3)ms、(341.6±26.9)ms]潜伏期和P3[(2.2±1.1)μV、(4.8±1.5)μV]波幅较正常组显著延长和降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),其中无责任能力精神分裂症患者组P300电位成分中N2及P3潜伏期较限定责任能力组延长,P3波幅降低,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).无或限定责任能力的精神分裂症患者EPQ中精神质[(10.38±3.40)分、(9.75±3.57)分]和神经质[(14.76±4.42)分、(13.38±4.04)分]2个纬度的量表分明显高于正常组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而无责任能力组EPQ中神经质的量表分值明显高于限定责任能力组(P＜0.05).结论 P300电位及EPQ问卷在精神分裂症司法鉴定责任能力评定中有较高的参考价值.     

综合技能训练对精神分裂症儿童认知功能的影响

目的探讨综合技能训练改善精神分裂症儿童认知功能的效果。方法 86例精神分裂症儿童患者分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组患者单纯给予抗精神病药物治疗,观察组患者在应用抗精神病药物治疗的同时给予综合技能训练,2组患者在治疗前后均采用智力测验、事件相关电位P300进行认知功能评定。结果治疗前2组患者言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)、全量表智商(FIQ)、P300潜伏期及波幅比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者治疗后PIQ和FIQ显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),对照组治疗前后VIQ、PIQ和FIQ比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后观察组患者PIQ显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但2组患者VIQ、FIQ比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗前2组患者P300潜伏期及波幅比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者治疗前后P300潜伏期及波幅比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者治疗后P300潜伏期显著短于治疗前(P<0.05),但治疗前后P300波幅比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后2组患者P300潜伏期及波幅比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论抗精神病药物治疗联合综合技能训练可有效改善精神分裂症儿童的认知功能,促进患者的康复。     

精神分裂症患者P300的性别差异

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者P300是否有性别差异。方法：测量精神分裂症患者（男性、女性各20、32例）及正常人P300的波幅和潜伏期;氯氮平治疗4周后,对P300的波幅、潜伏期进行治疗前后的比较。结果：与正常对照组相比,两组患者治疗前P300波幅低、潜伏期明显延长（P＜0．05）;两组患者之间无显著差异（P＞0．05）;女性患者P300波幅随着临床症状的改善明显升高,男性组患者的P300治疗前后无明显变化（P＞0．05）;尽管临床症状有明显改善。结论：男性患者P300波幅及潜伏期延长比女性患者更稳定。     

奥氮平对儿少期精神分裂症患者听觉事件相关电位P300的影响

目的 探讨奥氮平对儿童少年期精神分裂症患者听觉事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 随机选自6～15岁之间符合DSM-Ⅳ精神分裂症标准患者30例作为实验组,30例正常儿童少年作为对照组.实验组应用奥氮平治疗8周,予简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)评价疾病严重程度.比较2组间P300潜伏期、波幅的差异.结果 实验组PZ点潜伏期(312±60)ms长于对照组(296±21)ms,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01);实验组FZ、CZ、PZ、OZ点波幅低于对照组,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).对照组PZ点波幅最高(F=7.514,P＜0.01).实验组FZ点波幅最低(F=4.095,P＜0.05);F3波幅[(3.1±1.6)μV]比F4波幅[(3.5±1.9)μV]低,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).治疗后PZ点潜伏期(300±20ms)比治疗前明显缩短,差异具有显著性(P＜0.01),FZ、CZ、PZ、OZ点波幅比治疗前升高,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 奥氮平能够改善儿童少年期精神分裂症认知功能,P300对儿童少年期精神分裂症疗效具有客观的评价作用.     

利培酮联合低频重复经颅刺激改善老年精神分裂症患者顽固性幻听和认知功能的研究

目的：探讨低频重复经颅刺激对于改善老年精神分裂症患者顽固性幻听和认知功能的临床应用价值。方法按就诊顺序编号将100例老年精神分裂症患者分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组给予利培酮治疗;观察组联用利培酮与低频重复经颅刺激治疗。于治疗前后采用听幻觉量表（ AHRS）及副反应量表（ TESS）对患者进行测评,同时评估患者的词语流.性及连线实验表现。结果经8周治疗后,观察组的幻听评分明显低于对照组,组间比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。观察组词语流.性明显优于治疗前（P＜0.05）。对照组词语流.性治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。连线实验结果显示,两组患者治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义（ P＞0.05）。结论低频重复经颅刺激可有效改善老年精神分裂症患者顽固性幻听,对改善其认知功能具有一定效果,值得临床借鉴和推广。     

首发抑郁症患者治疗前后认知电位P300和失匹性负波的变化

目的了解抗抑郁剂治疗对抑郁症首次发病患者的认知电位P300和失匹性负波(MMN)的影响.方法对64例抑郁症首次发病患者于治疗基线和治疗12周采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)17项评定症状严重程度,采用脑诱发电位仪进行事件相关电位P300和MMN检测,并与36例健康人进行P300和MMN指标对照研究.结果①治疗前抑郁症组患者的P300潜伏期和MMN潜伏期均比对照组延迟,P300和MMN波幅均低于对照组(P＜0.01).②治疗后患者组P300和MMN潜伏期均显著缩短,P300波幅和MMN波幅均明显提高(P＜0.05).③治疗后临床病情缓解组(HAMD总分≤7)P300潜伏期与对照组比较无显著差异(P＞0.05),缓解组的P300和MMN波幅均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);MMN潜伏期比对照组明显延长(P＜0.01).结论首发抑郁症治疗后认知电位P300和MMN有明显改善.病情缓解患者的P300波幅、MMN潜伏期和MMN波幅未完全恢复正常.     

抽动障碍患儿事件相关电位P300的研究

目的了解抽动障碍患者事件相关电位P300的变化及意义.方法用日本光电公司提供的MEB-9104K诱发电位检测系统测定41例抽动障碍患者(病例组)P300并与22例正常儿童(对照组)进行比较.结果病例组P300潜伏期为(582.7±137.4)ms,波幅为(24.78±10.25)μV,对照组潜伏期为(501.2±126.0)ms,波幅为(23.15±10.00)μV.2组潜伏期均值比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);波幅均值比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05).病例组各亚型之间P300潜伏期及波幅比较,均差异无显著性(P＞0.05).病例组中治疗组与未治疗组之间P300潜伏期及波幅比较,均差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论抽动障碍患者存在认知功能缺陷,在治疗该类患者的过程中值得参考.抽动障碍各亚型之间认知功能无明显差别.氟哌啶醇、泰必利等药物治疗抽动障碍对认知功能无影响.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.