非侵袭型霉菌性鼻窦炎的临床特点及治疗

目的探讨非侵袭型霉菌性鼻窦炎的临床特点及疗效。方法回顾分析30例经手术病理证实的非侵袭型霉菌性鼻窦炎的临床表现及治疗。结果非侵袭型霉菌性鼻窦炎的临床表现：上颌窦最好发,依次为筛窦、蝶窦及额窦。单窦发病为主,也可逐渐累及一侧全组鼻窦,罕见双侧累及。首发症状多为单侧头面部疼痛或血涕。CT检查见单窦或多窦可见到类金属密度的颗粒状或絮状高密度影。鼻窦镜手术后复发者1例。结论鼻窦CT是早期诊断的有效方法。手术彻底清除病窦内病变组织,建立通畅的长期引流通道是治疗的关键。     

真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT诊断（附20例报告）

目的 探讨真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现特征。方法 分析经病理证实的20例真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现。结果 受累副鼻窦共20个，上颌窦17个(85％)，筛窦2个(10％)，蝶窦1个(5％)。CT表现为：窦腔内均见有不同程度的结节状、团块软组织密度影；14例(70％)在浑浊的窦腔内见斑点状高密度影或钙化灶；12例(60％)窦壁骨质增生硬化；1例(5％)上颌窦内壁骨质破坏。结论 CT是诊断真菌性副鼻窦炎的有效手段。     

真菌性鼻窦炎CT表现与特征

目的探讨真菌性鼻窦炎的CT影像学特点。方法回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的23例真菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现。结果真菌性鼻窦炎发生于上颌窦15例,蝶窦5例,筛窦3例。CT表现为①所有受累鼻窦均显示窦腔内密度增高;②窦腔内可见团块状或斑点样钙化影19例;③窦腔高密度混浊影中有气泡16例;④上颌窦骨质吸收、破坏12例,窦壁骨质膨胀或变薄6例。结论真菌性鼻窦炎具有CT特征表现,如病变鼻窦内团块状高密度影、斑点样钙化影或气泡影,病变常膨入附近鼻窦或鼻腔,鼻窦骨壁可伴有压迫性破坏或吸收等。其中以鼻窦病变内钙化斑最具特异性。CT扫描结合鼻内镜检查是诊断本病的重要手段。     

真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT诊断(附20例报告)

目的探讨真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现特征.方法分析经病理证实的20例真菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现.结果受累副鼻窦共20个,上颌窦17个(85%),筛窦2个(10%),蝶窦1个(5%).CT表现为窦腔内均见有不同程度的结节状、团块软组织密度影;14例(70%)在浑浊的窦腔内见斑点状高密度影或钙化灶;12例(60%)窦壁骨质增生硬化;1例(5%)上颌窦内壁骨质破坏.结论CT是诊断真菌性副鼻窦炎的有效手段.     

鼻内镜下改良上颌窦根治术治疗真菌球上颌窦炎25例

目的 探讨鼻内镜下改良上颌窦根治术治疗真菌球上颌窦炎的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003年1月至2008年3月经治的25例真菌球上颌窦炎的临床治疗资料及随访结果.结果 25例真菌球上颌窦炎患者,其中男9例,女16例,年龄26～45岁.临床表现为鼻塞、流涕,有时伴有少量脓血涕、失嗅或头痛.CT检查25例均表现为单侧上颌窦高密度影,其中16例有斑点状或条块状钙化影,有9例表现为絮状影,上颌窦内侧壁骨质破坏9例.25例均采用鼻内镜下改良上颌窦根治术,打开上颌窭前壁,在内镜下清理窦腔内棕色泥沙样及团块状物,保留窦腔的黏膜.在内镜下切除钩突,清理中鼻道病变组织,打开并扩大上颌窦自然孔.术后随访3～12个月,症状均消失,术腔黏膜恢复好,无1例复发.结论 鼻内镜下改良上颌窦根治术是治疗真菌球上颌窦炎的有效方法.     

鼻窦真菌病的多层CT诊断价值

目的通过分析鼻窦真菌病的多层CT表现及临床特征,探讨多层CT对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析14例经手术及病理证实的鼻窦真菌病的CT表现。结果病变位于单侧上颌窦9例,双侧上颌窦2例,筛窦2例,蝶窦1例。14例窦腔内均可见密度不均匀性增高的软组织密度影,其中9例伴有斑点、斑片或条状钙化影,2例病灶内可见低密度的“空泡”征,2例完全钙化;11例窦壁骨质增厚硬化,1例筛板增厚,窦腔缩小,4例窦壁皮质白线不连续,骨质破坏吸收。结论鼻窦真菌病CT表现具有一定的特征性,多层CT在该病的诊断中具有很高的价值。     

真菌性副鼻窦炎的临床与CT诊断

目的分析真菌性副鼻窦炎的临床表现和CT征象,探讨CT在真菌性副鼻窦炎临床诊断中的价值。方法对12例经手术治疗后病理证实的真菌性副鼻窦炎进行回顾性分析。结果全组病例以回缩性涕血或脓血涕为主要症状。CT显示病变的鼻窦腔内不均匀的密度增高影,其中7例在上颌窦腔内可见斑块、斑点状钙化影;5例伴有上颌窦壁骨质增生硬化;2例伴有上颌窦内侧壁骨质吸收变薄。手术发现累及的鼻窦腔内有大量的污秽坏死组织或充满炎性息肉状物。病理检验示坏死组织中有成团的真菌菌丝。结论真菌性副鼻窦炎的诊断主要根据临床症状及影像学检查,确诊有赖于病理。CT在显示副鼻窦解剖结构和诊断真菌性副鼻窦炎方面具有重要参考价值。     

鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗上颌窦真菌球的疗效观察（附14例报道）

目的：总结鼻内镜下行上颌窦窦口扩大清除窦内真菌球并辅以生理盐水加压冲洗窦腔治疗上颌窦真菌球的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我科自1998年以来在鼻内镜下鼻窦手术治疗的14例上颌窦真菌球病。其中女性9人，男性5人，年龄在28—57岁。术后病检证实为曲霉菌。对其疗效进行评估。结果：14例均为单侧孤立鼻窦病变，未见双侧上颌窦或单侧多鼻窦病变。术中扩大上颌窦开口，清除肉眼可见的真菌团块并辅以生理盐水反复冲洗窦腔。经随访1—2年，临床症状消除，上颌窦黏膜光滑，无需术后抗真菌治疗。结论：鼻内镜下行上颌窦开口扩大术，取出窦内肉眼可见的真菌团块并辅以生理盐水加压冲洗窦腔治疗上颌窦真菌球疗效肯定。     

真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断及鼻内镜手术治疗效果

目的探讨真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断及鼻内镜手术治疗的效果。方法对12例真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断及治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果12例病人术前鼻窦CT检查皆发现上颌窦不均匀密度增高,有明显钙化影,7例上颌窦内侧壁部分骨质破坏吸收。12例病人均治愈。结论术前鼻窦CT检查对真菌性鼻窦炎的诊断有重要价值,鼻内镜手术是治疗真菌性鼻窦炎的首选方法。     

炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤五例分析

病例1患者女，42岁，右鼻渐进性鼻塞伴疼痛5个月余，4d前无明显诱因下出现鼻出血。体格检查：右侧总鼻道内可见-暗红色新生物，边界不清，表面可见少许分泌物附着。CT平扫双侧上颌窦、右侧筛窦及鼻腔内均可见软组织密度影，密度均匀，未见明显钙化影（图1A），右侧上颌窦内侧壁及部分后壁骨质破坏，可见软组织影侵入右侧翼腭窝，部分鼻中隔骨质吸收；增强检查右侧上颌窦病变明显不均匀斑片状强化（图1B），左侧上颌窦病变强化轻微。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.