腹腔镜切除与射频消融治疗小肝癌的疗效比较

比较腹腔镜切除与射频消融治疗小肝癌的临床效果。收治的小肝癌患者62例,对照组28例采用射频消融治疗,治疗组34例采用腹腔镜下探查并切除,分析两种治疗方法治疗小肝癌的临床效果。当肿瘤直径3cm时,对照组和治疗组复发率无明显差异;当肿瘤直径≥3cm且≤5cm时,对照组复发率明显高于治疗组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。在治疗肿瘤直径≥3cm且≤5cm的小肝癌时,腹腔镜切除的治疗效果优于射频消融。     

腹腔镜超声引导下冷循环射频治疗肝细胞癌的初步应用体会

目的 评估腹腔镜超声引导下射频消融治疗肝细胞癌的可行性、安全性及临床疗效.方法 对9例合并肝硬化的肝细胞癌患者进行腹腔镜超声引导下射频消融治疗.结果 9例患者共13个肿瘤均成功进行了腹腔镜超声引导下射频消融治疗.肿瘤直径0.7～4.2 cm,平均(2.4±1.1)cm.腹腔镜超声发现2个术前影像学未显示的病灶.3例患者同时进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术、粘连松解术以及腹壁转移灶切除术.术中无患者死亡及严重并发症发生.术后1个月增强CT显示12个病灶完全坏死.1例患者术后6个月死于肝功能衰竭,8例患者存活.结论 腹腔镜射频消融是一种安全可行的肝细胞癌治疗方法,腹腔镜超声在此过程中可准确地发现术前影像学漏诊的病灶.     

腹腔镜超声引导下微波消融治疗肝细胞性肝癌合并肝硬化的价值

目的评价肝硬化背景下经腹腔镜超声引导微波消融治疗肝细胞性肝癌的安全性和有效性。方法选取经腹腔镜超声引导下微波消融治疗伴有肝硬化的肝细胞性肝癌患者71例,定期对患者行血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)及影像学检查以评估治疗效果。结果术中腹腔镜超声检查,发现7个术前影像学未检出的肝内病灶(6.9%)。共计101个肝肿瘤病灶,均在腹腔镜超声引导下成功完成肿瘤微波消融治疗,患者血清AFP水平明显降低,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后仅1例患者出现术后严重并发症(1.4%),无死亡情况。术后1个月后复查,超声造影及增强CT均显示肝病灶完全消融,未见残留。术后随访(11.5±10.1)个月,4个病灶发现局部复发,6个病灶出现远处转移,3个病灶同时发生局部复发和远处转移。结论腹腔镜超声引导下的肝癌微波消融治疗具有安全、有效、恢复期短及并发症发生率低等优点。     

肝叶切除联合术中超声引导射频消融治疗多发性肝癌的价值

目的探讨外科手术联合术中超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌的价值。方法21例原发性肝癌患者术前均行肝脏三期CT和MRI检查,共56个病灶。对21个直径〉3cm的肝内病灶行外科手术切除,35个直径〈3cm的肝内病灶使用术中超声引导下射频消融治疗;以影像学检查结果判断病灶是否消融。结果射频消融肿瘤的平均时间较外科手术切除肿瘤的时间短。术后1个月肝脏三期CT／MRI复查显示35个病灶完全消融。在射频消融术中除治疗初期消融的5个病灶出现针眼出血外,余未见邻近组织损伤、胆漏等严重并发症,未出现治疗相关的死亡。结论外科手术联合术中超声引导射频消融治疗多发性肝癌是一种方便、合理、可行的治疗方案。     

术中超声在肝癌切除术中的应用研究

目的探讨术中超声(IOUS)在肝癌切除术中的应用价值。方法术中超声引导下对269例肝癌患者行肝切除术或肝切除联合射频消融、无水乙醇注射治疗。并将术前常规超声、增强CT及术中超声检查结果与病理诊断结果进行对比分析。结果 (1)269例肝癌患者中因肿瘤累及肝内大血管行姑息性手术切除或放弃手术治疗17例;余252例(368个肝癌病灶,104个直径1.5cm,264个直径≥1.5cm)术前常规超声显示肝癌病灶304个(82.6%)、增强CT显示肝癌病灶329个(89.4%)、术中超声显示肝癌病灶357个(97.0%,直径1.5cm肝癌小病灶95个);术中超声对肝癌病灶的显示率高于术前常规超声及增强CT,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术中超声诊断直径1.5cm肝脏恶性病灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为88.1%、67.9%及82.1%。(2)术中超声引导下完成肝切除手术联合射频消融治疗15例(17个病灶);肝切除手术联合无水乙醇注射治疗2例(2个病灶),48例经术中超声检查改变了术前制定的手术方案。结论术中超声对肝癌病灶(尤其直径1.5cm小病灶)显示率高,在肝癌切除术或射频、无水乙醇注射消融治疗中可引导临床医师精确操作,具有非常重要的临床价值。     

腹腔镜下特殊部位肝癌射频治疗的临床应用

肝癌的射频消融术具有操作简单、创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、花费低等优势,已经成为肝癌综合治疗的一个重要手段。但对于肝脏的特殊部位肿瘤在普通的超声或CT引导下的处理往往达不到应有的疗效,由于腹腔镜独特的微创、可直视、同时可以联合腹腔镜超声、使肝脏完全达到无盲区的特点,因此,腹腔镜下的射频消融越来越得到了广泛的重视和应用。     

经腹超声引导与腹腔镜下射频治疗 子宫肌瘤的对比分析

目的 探讨经腹超声与经腹腔镜引导下射频消融治疗子宫肌瘤的优缺点。方法 选择135例症状性子宫肌瘤患者,其中86例子宫肌瘤患者经腹超声引导下经阴道行射频消融治疗（SSG组）,49例经腹腔镜引导下行射频消融治疗（TG组）,“长海痛尺”评估术后疼痛,术后第6个月随访,分别观察其疗效和并发症。结果 两者总有效率分别为91.9%和95.9%,差异无显著性;SSG组术后3 h疼痛评分明显低于TG组,差异有显著性;对于肌瘤直径4～6 cm,肌瘤数量≥3个的患者,TG组疗效显著优于SSG组。结论 经腹超声与经腹腔镜引导下射频消融治疗子宫肌瘤疗效确切,同时经腹部超声引导经阴道治疗子宫肌瘤具有损伤小,住院时间短,术后疼痛轻等优点,但对于肌瘤直径>4 cm,肌瘤数量≥3个的患者,效果欠佳,必要时选用经腹腔镜引导下的射频治疗。     

腹腔镜超声引导射频消融治疗小肝癌术的护理

目的 探讨腹腔镜超声引导射频消融术的手术配合.方法 回顾性总结2009年2月至2011年12月,43例腹腔镜超声引导射频消融治疗小肝癌的手术配合临床资料.结果 43例患者顺利完成腹腔镜下射频消融治疗.平均手术时间45;平均术中出血量约25ml;术毕安返病房.本组患者术中、术后均未出现感染、肝破裂出血、胆漏和肿瘤种植等严重并发症.结论 腹腔镜下超声引导射频消融治疗小肝癌是安全有效,具有发展潜力的微创疗法.充分的术前准备,全面的术中护理,掌握腹腔镜器械、冷循环射频治疗仪、消融电极、超声仪的使用及配合技术是保障手术顺利进行的关键.     

腹腔镜下人工胸、腹水在特殊部位肝癌热消融中的应用

目的观察腹腔镜下人工胸、腹水在特殊部位肝癌热消融中应用的效果。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院2003年6月至2007年5月收治的肝癌并进行热消融的患者131例,其中肝癌位于肝脏被膜下有47例,根据是否采用腹腔镜下人工腹水或胸、腹水辅助超声引导将患者分为A、B两组,A组25例,采用腹腔镜下人工腹水或胸、腹水辅助超声引导肝脏被膜下肿瘤消融;B组22例,仅采用超声引导经皮肝脏被膜下肿瘤消融。比较两组患者术后肝被膜下血肿、腹腔内出血、胸腔积液、肝脓肿和肝功能损害等并发症的发生率、肿瘤完全消融率及1年复发率。结果A组出现胸腔积液1例,肝功能损害2例,并发症发生率为12.0%;B组肝被膜下血肿2例,腹腔内出血1例,胸腔积液5例,肝功能损害1例,并发症发生率为40.9%。两组并发症的发生率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.144,P=0.023）。A组和B组肿瘤完全消融率分别为96.8%和72.4%,两组肿瘤完全消融率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.194,P=0.023）;1年复发率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论腹腔镜下人工胸、腹水辅助超声引导肝脏被膜下肿瘤热消融,以人工胸、腹水为媒介,结合了热消融与腹腔镜两项微创技术的优点,有效地提高了热消融治疗肝癌的效果,减少了并发症的发生,扩大了热消融治疗的适应证。     

射频热毁损联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗小肝癌并门静脉高压症的近期疗效观察

目的:了解和评价射频热毁损联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗切除困难的小肝癌合并门静脉高压症的近期疗效。方法:对61例小肝癌合并门静脉高压症的病人实施射频热毁损联合贲门周围血管离断术,观察术后并发症发生情况,了解术后血常规、肝功能和AFP变化,胃镜了解曲张静脉缓解情况,彩色超声多谱勒、CT和病理检查了解肿瘤毁损情况。结果:病人对联合治疗方式有较好的耐受性,术后病人未出现严重并发症,脾亢纠正,肝功能稳定,AFP呈明显下降和逐步阴转,肝癌得到完全毁损。结论:射频热毁损联合贲门周围血管离断术是治疗小肝癌合并门静脉高压症的有效方法,其近期疗效可靠,远期疗效有待进一步观察。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.