高效液相色谱法测定主产区天麻中天麻素含量

目的测定全国5个主要产地天麻中天麻素含量,比较不同产地天麻质量。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定天麻中天麻素含量,采用Wondasil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),检测波长220nm,柱温25℃,流动相:乙腈-0.05%硫酸水溶液(3∶97),流速0.6mL/min。结果天麻素在0.20~3.20μg内呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.87%,RSD=2.89%(n=5)。结论 5个主要产地天麻中天麻素含量有所差异。     

不同炮制方法对天麻素及天麻苷元含量的影响

目的考察不同炮制方法对天麻中天麻素、天麻苷元含量的影响，从而得到天麻最佳炮制方法。方法分别对天麻鲜切片进行微波加热、直接晒干、常压蒸煮、冷冻干燥、热风干燥处理后，采用HPLC法，MD-ODSC18柱（250mm×4.6mm，5μm）色谱柱测定天麻中天麻素和天麻苷元的含量。结果天麻切片微波处理30s后，天麻素含量最高，天麻素和天麻苷元含量总量最高。结论综合天麻素和天麻苷元两个指标，以及处理后天麻的外观形态，微波处理30s这种炮制方法为最佳，但考虑到生产中的实际条件，水蒸5min可为生产提供参考依据。     

强力天麻杜仲胶囊含量测定方法的改进

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定强力天麻杜仲胶囊中天麻素含量的方法.方法:色谱柱为KromasilC18( 250.0 mm×4.6mm,5μm)；流动相为乙腈-0.05％磷酸溶液(3∶97),检测波长:220 nm；流速为1.0 mL/min.结果:天麻素进样量在0.025-0.152 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收...     

HPLC法测定天麻眩晕宁合剂中天麻素和芍药苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定天麻眩晕宁合剂中天麻素和芍药苷的含量。方法色谱柱为ODS C18柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,检测波长为223 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1 mL·min^-1。结果天麻素和芍药苷的线性范围分别是0.020 4～0.816μg,0.073～2.92μg,平均加样回收率分别为为98.3%,96.7%。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于天麻素眩晕宁合剂中天麻素和芍药苷的定量测定。     

天麻受热干燥过程中天麻素的稳定性探讨

目的 测定天麻药材中天麻素的含量，研究受热干燥过程对天麻中天麻素及有关物质的影响。方法 采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为HypersilC18柱，流动相为乙腈-甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液-水(10：15：30：945)，流速1ml／min，检测波长为220nm。结果 天麻素在0．7—3．8μg范围内呈良好的线性关系，平均加样回收率为97．66％，RSD=2．2％(n=5)。天麻在受热干燥过程中天麻素含量下降，并产生一新物质，该物质对药典法测定天麻素含量有一定的干扰。结论 天麻药材在受热干燥过程中天麻素不稳定。     

复方天麻褪黑素滴丸的制备和有效成分的含量测定

目的:制备天麻素和褪黑素为有效成分的复方天麻褪黑素滴丸,并测定其有效成分含量。方法:正交试验确定天麻素滴丸的制备工艺,高效液相色谱法对滴丸中主要有效成分天麻素和褪黑素的含量进行测定。结果:制得外观圆整,质地均匀的复方天麻素褪黑素滴丸。天麻褪黑素滴丸丸重30mg,其中含天麻素7.5mg,含褪黑素0.3mg。观察24个月,其性状、有效成分含量无明显变化。结论:复方天麻素褪黑素滴丸的制备工艺稳定、可行;高效液相色谱法测定有效成分含量重复性好,可用于控制滴丸的质量。     

天麻多糖对天麻素吸收的影响

目的 研究天麻多糖对天麻素吸收的影响.方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定天麻水煎液组和去多糖天麻水煎液组中天麻素在不同时间点小鼠血浆中的含量;色谱条件:色谱柱:Aglilent Eclipse XDB-C18 4.6×10μm;前置预柱:Wondasil(4.0 mm×10 mm,C18,5μm);流动相:乙腈-水-磷酸(2.64∶97.16∶0.2);检测波长:221 nm;柱温:30℃;流速为1.0 mL;进样量:20μL.结果 去多糖水煎液组中天麻素的吸收速率常数ka、消除速率系数ke大于天麻水煎液组;天麻水煎液组的吸收半衰期、消除半衰期和达峰时间大于去多糖组,说明在去天麻多糖后,天麻素的吸收速度和代谢速度明显增加,但天麻水煎液组的AUC和达峰浓度大于去多糖组.结论 天麻多糖对天麻素的吸收具有促进作用.     

天麻有效成分制备与测定简易方法的探讨

目的 探讨简单易行的天麻有效成分提取与测定的方法.方法 将天麻用700%乙醇加热回流法制备天麻提取物,高效液相色谱法测定天麻素含量,并用紫外分光光度法测量,制天麻素含量-吸光度曲线.结果 用70%乙醇加热回流法提取所得天麻提取物中天麻素含量为1.6mg/mL,紫外分光光度法测定天麻素含量在100μg/mL～300μg/mL范围与吸光度(A224nm)呈线性关系(天麻素舍量Cμg/mL=-688.317+286.000×A224nm,t=5.690,p＜0.05).结论 采用70%醇加热回流法制备天庥提取物,并用紫外分光光度法测定其中天麻素含量,方法 简单易行,成本低廉.     

正交试验优选天麻中天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的提取工艺

目的 优选天麻中天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的超声提取工艺.方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定天麻中天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的含量,以乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比为考察因素,以天麻中天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的含量为考察指标,采用L9(34)正交试验优选最佳提取工艺条件.结果 最佳提取工艺为提取溶剂50%乙醇,提取时间15 min,料液比1:20.结论 该提取工艺具有效率高、时间短、能耗低、环保等优点,可为天麻中天麻素与对羟基苯甲醇的工业化生产和新药开发提供依据.     

天麻有效成分制备与测定简易方法的探讨

目的探讨简单易行的天麻有效成分提取与测定的方法。方法将天麻用70％乙醇加热回流法制备天麻提取物，高效液相色谱法测定天麻素含量，并用紫外分光光度法测量，制天麻素含量-吸光度曲线。结果用70％乙醇加热回流法提取所得天麻提取物中天麻素含量为1．6mg／mL，紫外分光光度法测定天麻素含量在100μg／mL-300μg／mL范围与吸光度（A224nm）呈线性关系（天麻素含量Cμg／mL=-688．317＋286．000×A224nm，t=5．690，p〈0．05）。结论采用70％乙醇加热回流法制备天麻提取物，并用紫外分光光度法测定其中天麻，素含量，方法简单易行，成本低廉。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.