母亲孕期被动吸烟与女生超重肥胖对月经初潮提前的影响

探讨母亲孕期被动吸烟及女生超重肥胖对女生月经初潮年龄(age at menarche,AAM)的影响,为促进儿童青少年健康成长提供参考.方法 基于2016年中学新生体检工作,采用方便抽样法对广州市城区26所中学的2 722名初一女生进行问卷调查和体格检查.应用Logistic回归模型分析女生超重肥胖、母亲孕期被动吸烟与女生AAM的关系,采用四向分解法探讨女生超重肥胖在母亲孕期被动吸烟对女生AAM提前中的中介效应.结果 女生月经来潮率为90.82%(2 472/2 722).月经初潮中位年龄为12.00岁,初潮提前率为34.91%(863/2 472).与母亲孕期无被动吸烟的女生相比,母亲孕期被动吸烟≤3d/周的女生AAM提前的风险增加32%(OR调整=1.32,95%CI=1.06~ 1.65),母亲孕期被动吸烟>3 d/周的女生AAM提前的风险增加58%(OR调整=1.58,95%CI=1.21~2.07).超重肥胖女生AAM提前的风险比非超重肥胖的女生增加77%(OR调整=1.77,95%CI=1.36~2.31).四向分解结果显示,母亲孕期被动吸烟导致女儿AAM提前的风险中,79.60%归因于母亲孕期被动吸烟的直接效应(P<0.01).结论 女生超重肥胖和母亲孕期被动吸烟与女生AAM提前关联.母亲孕期被动吸烟对女生AAM提前的影响方式可能以直接作用为主.     

苏州市中小学女生超重肥胖与月经初潮年龄提前的相关性研究

目的:分析苏州市中小学女生超重肥胖与月经初潮年龄提前的相关性,为预防中小学女生月经初潮年龄提前提供依据.方法:采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取苏州市2个行政区内12所学校的1472名中小学女生为调查对象,收集调查对象的相关资料,评估其营养状况.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析中小学女生超重、肥胖与月经初潮年龄提前的相关...     

绍兴初中女生超重肥胖与月经初潮年龄提前的相关分析

分析初中女生超重肥胖与初潮年龄之间的关系,为制定初潮年龄提前的干预措施提供依据.方法 整群抽取绍兴市2所初中1 505名女生进行体格检查和月经初潮情况问卷调查,采用x2检验、t检验、多因素Logistic回归模型等分析超重肥胖与初潮年龄提前之间的关联性.结果 初中女生月经来潮检出率为86.6%(1 303/1 505),初潮平均年龄为(12.36±0.92)岁.消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖者月经来潮检出率分别为65.0%,88.2%,96.7%,100.0%,差异有统计学意义(x2=61.18,P<0.01),其初潮平均年龄分别为(12.93±0.85) (12.34±0.91) (12.15±0.91) (11.81±0.85)岁,差异有统计学意义(F=19.41,P<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,超重、肥胖是初潮年龄提前的危险因素(OR值分别为1.79,2.27,P值均<0.05),而消瘦则是保护因素(OR=0.23,P<0.05).结论 初中女生月经初潮年龄与身体脂肪含量密切相关,应加强对青春期女生超重肥胖的干预力度.     

夜间人工光暴露与汉族女生月经初潮发生的关系

  目的  分析中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮发生情况与夜间人工光(artificial light at-night, ALAN)暴露的关系,为研究ALAN作为环境污染源对青春期启动的干扰作用机制提供线索,同时为环境ALAN控制和公共卫生政策的制定提供科学证据。  方法  采用2014年中国学生体质与健康调研数据,纳入月经初潮、身高、体重记录完整的9~18岁汉族女生74 483名。采用Pearson相关探索11岁汉族女生月经初潮发生率与ALAN暴露的相关性,并分别按照其所在地室外夜间灯光覆盖面积比例三分位数(0.16, 0.60)和夜间平均光强三分位数[0.97, 5.91 nw/(sr·cm)2]将研究对象分为3组,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析ALAN暴露与月经初潮的关系。  结果  2014年中国汉族女生月经初潮中位年龄为12.18岁,11岁组月经初潮发生率为26.31%。控制体质量指数、当地人口总数、人均GDP的对数值后,11岁汉族女生月经初潮发生率与当地室外平均夜间灯光覆盖面积比例和夜间平均光强对数调整值均呈正相关(r值分别为0.29,0.30,P值均 < 0.05);所在地室外夜间灯光覆盖面积比例(OR值分别为1.28,1.52)和夜间平均光强(OR值分别为1.47,1.58)越高,11岁汉族女生月经初潮发生率越高(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  夜间人工光暴露与11岁汉族女生月经初潮率存在正向关联,研究ALAN暴露可能为青春期启动机制提供线索,并为ALAN暴露对人群健康的影响提供科学证据。     

女童月经初潮与筛查性近视的关联

目的 分析女童月经初潮与筛查性近视的关联,为制定儿童青少年近视预防与控制策略及措施提供科学依据.方法 根据2014年全国学生体质与健康调研标准,在安徽省分别选取宿州、合肥和池州市3个地区,将1725名9～13岁女童纳入研究.采用问卷调查研究对象基本信息及是否出现月经初潮,采用裸眼远视力检查结合串镜检查确定筛查性近视,并...     

女大学生月经初潮年龄与高血压前期的相关性

目的 探讨女性大学生月经初潮年龄与高血压前期的关系,为大学生高血压及心血管疾病的早期预防提供科学依据.方法 通过分层整群随机抽样方式,选取江汉大学558名在校女大学生,收集月经初潮年龄信息,测量体重、身高及血压,计算体质量指数(BMI),比较不同月经初潮年龄受试者的血压状态,探讨月经初潮年龄对血压的影响.结果 大学女生...     

广西不同民族女生月经初潮年龄及影响因素分析

目的探索广西汉族、壮族、瑶族女生月经初潮年龄的影响因素,为开展学校青春期健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法运用序列研究法,在广西3县分别抽取汉族、壮族、瑶族7,10,13岁女生,连续3年进行身高、体重等体格指标的测量,并询问月经来潮情况,最终选取3年连续监测的相同有效样本448例。使用生长发育影响因素调查表进行调查。结果女生的月经初潮半数年龄为11.83(95%CI=11.69～11.96)岁,汉族、壮族、瑶族依次为11.87(95%CI=11.64～12.09)、11.44(95%CI=11.25～11.64)和12.42岁(95%CI=12.14～12.70),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。12,13岁组月经已来潮女生的身高、坐高、体重等均高于未来潮组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析显示,月经初潮年龄的影响因素主要为坐高、胸围、海产品的摄入、夜间睡眠时长和在校运动时间(P值均<0.01)。结论广西女生月经初潮半数年龄有民族差异,与运动情况和膳食结构有关。应在小学四年级开始进行女生青春期健康教育,可侧重于健康生活模式的教育,培...     

2010年贵州省中小学女生月经初潮状况分析

目的进一步了解贵州省中小学女生月经初潮的平均年龄,与2000年贵州省汉族女学生的月经初潮情况作对比,探讨其性发育规律。方法利用2000年、2010年全国学生体质健康调查研究中贵州省女学生的月经初潮的数据,采用概率回归法来计算月经初潮的平均年龄。结果 2010年贵州省汉族女学生月经初潮的平均年龄与2000年相比呈大幅提前趋势,城女提前了2.85岁,乡女提前了0.47岁。贵州省汉族女学生月经初潮的平均年龄均比其他少数民族提前。结论近十年来贵州省汉族女学生月经初潮提前趋势明显,与这几年贵州经济、文化迅猛发展有密切关系,加强青春期性教育刻不容缓。     

云南省女生月经初潮与形态发育关系

了解云南省女生月经初潮与形态发育之间的关系,为研究学生生长发育规律和开展青春期教育提供依据.方法 利用2010年全国学生体质健康调研数据,对云南省7个民族9~18岁女生月经来潮对身高、体重、胸围、维尔威克指数的影响进行统计检验.结果 2010年云南省女生半数月经初潮年龄最小为汉族(12.62岁)、纳西族(12.64岁),最大为佤族(13.06岁)、哈尼族(13.12岁).11~ 14岁各民族来潮组女生形态发育优于未来潮组(P<0.01).月经来潮早的汉族、纳西族各年龄段女生的身高、体重均值均高于其他民族女生,并一直持续到18岁成年期之后.结论 女生月经初潮与形态发育关系密切.初潮年龄与经济水平、营养状况有关,且受儿童期体格发育水平的影响.     

安徽省汉族女生月经初潮与体脂关系

目的了解安徽省女生月经初潮及初潮前后体脂变化情况,为采取干预措施和健康教育提供理论依据。方法按照2005年全国学生体质调研要求,采用分层整群抽样方法,对安徽省南、中、北3个地区城乡9-18岁中小学女生3000人进行调查,并测量体质指数（BMI）、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标。结果城市女生半数月经初潮平均年龄为12.76岁,农村女生13.11岁,城乡最小月经初潮年龄均为10岁。体质指数、腹部皮脂厚度、上臂皮脂厚度和肩胛下皮脂厚度4项指标均值来潮组均大于未来潮组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0.01。结论月经初潮年龄与体脂因素关系密切;安徽省汉族学生月经初潮年龄呈现提前趋势,性教育应提前,加强青春期性教育尤为重要。     

Association Between Alcohol Calorie Intake and Overweight and Obesity in English Adults

We investigated the contribution of alcohol-derived calories to the alcohol–obesity relation. Adult alcohol calorie intake was derived from consumption volume and drink type in the Health Survey for England 2006 (n = 8864). We calculated the odds of obesity with survey-adjusted logistic regression. Mean alcohol calorie consumption was 27% of the recommended daily calorie intake in men and 19% in women on the heaviest drinking day in the last week, with a positive association between alcohol calories and obesity. Alcohol calories may be a significant contributor to the rise in obesity.Research suggests that alcohol consumption may represent a sizable risk factor for weight gain.1–6 The association, posited to be a product of differential drink type preference, is typically strongest among men,7–10 who are more likely to favor beer, which is carbohydrate rich.11,12 Alcohol has been found to account for approximately 10% of adult drinkers’ total energy intake on average in the United Kingdom13 and 16% in the United States,14 with men consuming about 3 times the amount consumed by women.14 In the United Kingdom, the general population has poor knowledge of alcohol calories, with 4 of 10 unaware of alcohol calories and their food equivalents.15 Given that both obesity and hazardous alcohol consumption are issues of public health concern, understanding the relation between alcohol calories and weight gain is important, as are efforts to raise awareness of alcohol calories as empty.15In a recent publication discussing alcohol as a risk factor for obesity, a call was made for research investigating the influence of drink type.12 Accordingly, this study sought to estimate drink-specific alcohol-derived calories and explore the contribution of such intake to the alcohol–obesity relation.     

月经初潮年龄与中心性肥胖的相关性研究

目的探讨月经初潮年龄与中心性肥胖之间的关系,为儿童青少年肥胖的干预研究提供科学依据。方法回顾性调查马鞍山市初三年级女生的月经初潮年龄,并测量身高、体重、腰围和臀围。结果月经初潮年龄偏早组的体质指数（BMI）和腰围与月经初潮年龄适中和偏迟组之间差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0.01）;小学三年级时体型为超重或肥胖的儿童,其月经初潮年龄偏早,在青春中后期的BMI、腰围和腰臀比也较高。结论儿童期的肥胖、月经初潮年龄和青春期的肥胖之间可能存在联系。     

高血糖、高血脂与超重和肥胖关系的研究

目的 探讨高血糖、高血脂与超重和肥胖的关系. 方法对在我院健康体检的20岁以上男性居民1 047人进行空腹血糖(FPG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)检测,同时测量身高、体重,计算体重指数(BMI),并对相关资料进行统计分析. 结果调查对象中超重与肥胖的罹患率分别为43.55%、14.90%;体重过低、正常、超重、肥胖四组人群的空腹血糖受损患病率(分别为0.00%、3.59%、6.14%、14.74%)、糖尿病患病率(分别为0.00%、5.02%、6.36%、14.10%)、高TC患病率(分别为17.65%、20.81%、27.85%、33.33%)、高TG患病率(分别为5.88%、27.27%、49.12%、62.82%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=29.835、20.791、11.672、83.695,P均＜0.01);不同体重指数组的FPG、TC、TG水平差异均有统计学意义(F=7.966、6.957、32.498,P均＜0.01). 结论平均空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯值随着体重指数的增大而显著增高,空腹血糖受损、糖尿病、高胆固醇、高甘油三酯的患病率也随体重指数的增大而显著增高.     

Association between the Phytochemical Index and Overweight/Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

Some studies suggest that a higher phytochemical index (PI) is associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity. This meta-analysis is performed to summarize published studies on the relationship of PI and the risk of overweight/obesity. We searched on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from the inception dates to February 2022. The random-effect model was used based on heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to explore potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s and Egger’s tests. The dose–response relationship was assessed using a restricted cubic spline model. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 100,753 participants. The meta-analysis showed that the phytochemical index was associated with a decreased risk of overweight/obesity. The pooled OR (95% CI) was 0.81 (0.74–0.90). The findings from dose–response analysis showed a nonlinear association between the phytochemical index and the risk of overweight/obesity. The results of the meta-regression showed that gender and area were significant covariates influencing the heterogeneity between studies. There was no publication bias in the meta-analysis of this study. In conclusion, although this meta-analysis indicates that a high phytochemical index is associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity, all the studies included in this meta-analysis were cross-sectional studies with high heterogeneity. As such, more data from randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of PI in evaluating the risk of overweight/obesity.     

Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Metabolic Risk Factors in Korean Schoolgirls

Objectives

Vitamin D, a key regulator of bone metabolism, has been recently been linked with energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders in western countries. However, few studies have focused on the association of vitamin D with metabolic risk factors among Asian children. We studied the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with metabolic risk factors in Korean schoolgirls.

Methods

The sample consisted of 320 13-year-old girls recruited from two middle schools in the city of Gwacheon, Korea (latitude 37°N), in July 2011. Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were obtained for this cross-sectional observational study. We also obtained lifestyle data from questionnaires and dietary data from 3-day food diaries.

Results

Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was noted in 63.8% of participants. The mean 25(OH)D level was not significantly lower in the overweight group. Level of physical activity and vitamin D intake did not significantly affect 25(OH)D. However, 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with milk intake and negatively correlated with soft drink intake. Serum 25(OH)D had a negative relationship with fasting glucose and insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-IR) after adjustment for physical activity and body mass index z score (r = −0.144, p = 0.015), and with metabolic risk score similarly (r = −0.141, p = 0.012). Levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and systolic blood pressure were higher in girls with deficient 25(OH)D levels than in those with sufficient levels.

Conclusion

We found that low 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher blood glucose and insulin resistance. Korean girls with low 25(OH)D levels could be at increased risk for metabolic disorders.     

Association of Overweight and Obesity with Breast Cancer in India

Background:

In women, cancer of the breast is one of the most common incident cancer and cause of death from cancer. Anthropometric factors of weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) have been associated with breast cancer risk.

Objectives:

To study the association of overweight and obesity with breast cancer in India.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted. Three hundred and twenty newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and three hundred and twenty normal healthy individuals constituted the study population. The subjects in the control group were matched individually with the patients for their age ±2 years and socioeconomic status. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were recorded utilizing the standard equipments and methodology. The paired ‘t’ test and univariate logistic regression analysis were carried out.

Results:

It was observed that the patients had a statistically higher mean weight, body mass index, and mid upper arm circumference as compared to the controls. It was observed that the risk of breast cancer increased with increasing levels of BMI. Overweight and obese women had Odd''s redio of 1.06 and 2.27, respectively, as compared to women with normal weight.

Conclusions:

The results of the present study revealed a strong association of overweight and obesity with breast cancer in the Indian population.     

Discrete-time Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Early Menarche in Korean Schoolgirls

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of body weight status and sleep duration on the discrete-time hazard of menarche in Korean schoolgirls using multiple-point prospective panel data.MethodsThe study included 914 girls in the 2010 Korean Children and Youth Panel Study who were in the elementary first-grader panel from 2010 until 2016. We used a Gompertz regression model to estimate the effects of weight status based on age-specific and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile and sleep duration on an early schoolchild’s conditional probability of menarche during a given time interval using general health condition and annual household income as covariates.ResultsGompertz regression of time to menarche data collected from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2010 suggested that being overweight or sleeping less than the recommended duration was related to an increased hazard of menarche compared to being average weight and sleeping 9 hours to 11 hours, by 1.63 times and 1.38 times, respectively, while other covariates were fixed. In contrast, being underweight was associated with a 66% lower discrete-time hazard of menarche.ConclusionsWeight status based on BMI percentiles and sleep duration in the early school years affect the hazard of menarche.     

高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及代谢综合征与超重和肥胖关系

目的 评估北京市农村居民体质指数(BMI)的分布,不同BMI居民高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及代谢综合征患病率及其与超重和肥胖的关系.方法 对随机抽取的20 655名18～76岁农村居民进行横断面调查,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查收集资料进行分析.结果 北京市农村居民体重正常、超重和肥胖的年龄别标化率分别为68.1%,24.2%和7.7%.正常体重、超重、肥胖1～3级居民高血压患病率分别为14.4%,27.5%,34.8%,44.3%和50.7%,糖尿病患病率分别为2.9%,5.0%,6.4%,8.1%和11.2%.正常体重居民血脂异常患病率最低(13.8%),肥胖2级最高(35.1%).正常体重居民代谢综合征患病率最低(5.6%),肥胖3级居民最高(15.1%).超重和肥胖1～3级分别是正常体重患高血压危险的2.6、3.1、3.8和4.7倍,肥胖3级糖尿病(OR=4.5)和代谢综合征(OR=3.2)患病危险最高,肥胖2级血脂异常(OR=3.4)患病危险最高.结论 高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和代谢综合征患病率随超重和肥胖级别增加而升高,超重和肥胖是高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常及代谢综合征的独立危险因素.