宜兴市一般人群立克次体病血清流行病学调查

目的 了解宜兴市一般人群立克次体病血清流行病学特点.方法 利用现场流行病学调查方法,按地理位置,选择丘陵山区、太湖渎区、太滆平原、低洼圩区4种地貌地区7个调查点.以间接免疫荧光(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)法检测莫氏立克次体、黑龙江立克次体、西伯利亚立克次体、恙虫病东方体、贝氏苛克斯体、横赛巴尔通体及五日热巴尔通体、查菲埃立克体及人粒细胞无形体等常见7种立克次体血清IgM或IgG抗体.结果 4个地区7个调查点539份成人横赛及五日热巴尔通体、黑龙江及西伯利亚立克次体、人粒细胞无形体、莫氏立克次体、恙虫病东方体,人粒细胞埃立克体血清阳性率分别为30.24％、21.15％、15.96％、13.36％、6.12％、0.93％,本次调查未检测到贝氏苛克斯体.人粒细胞无形体,黑龙江及西伯利亚立克次体和恙虫病东方体3种立克次体在不同的地貌之间差异均有统计学意义.横赛及五日热巴尔通体,莫氏立克次体和人粒细胞埃立克体3种在不同地貌地区间差异均无统计学意义.结论 宜兴地区人群中存在多种立克次体感染,以横赛及五日热巴尔通体、黑龙江及西伯利亚立克次体、人粒细胞无形体、莫氏立克次体为多,恙虫病东方体也有一定的感染,且立克次体感染的种类分布在地区间差异具有统计学意义.     

2009年卢氏县人和家畜立克次体病血清流行病学调查

目的了解2009年卢氏县正常人及主要家畜(羊、牛、犬)立克次体血清流行病学特点。方法根据地理位置及农村牲畜饲养分布特点,选择官道口、范里、文峪、东明4个乡镇为调查点。以间接免疫荧光法检测人和家畜斑疹伤寒群立克次体、斑点热群立克次体、恙虫病东方体、贝氏苛克斯氏体、查菲埃立克体、人粒细胞无形体、巴尔通体、海南斑点热分离株等8种常见立克次体血清抗体。结果在4个调查点244份人血清和97份家畜血清中8种立克次体抗体均有检出。人群血清学检测阳性率最高为人粒细胞无形体(26.23%),最低为恙虫病东方体(0.82%);畜群感染率最高为海南斑点热分离株(90.72%),最低为贝氏苛克斯氏体(8.25%)。人群人粒细胞无形体感染率有明显地区间差异;羊的斑疹伤寒群立克次体和恙虫病东方体感染率,牛的巴尔通体感染率,犬的斑点热群立克次体感染率明显高于其它畜种。结论卢氏县人畜间广泛存在多种立克次体感染,局部地区高发、多发,应作进一步调查研究并加强防控。     

长白山地区几种蜱媒传染病的血清学调查研究

目的为了解长白山地区正常人群蜱媒传染病的感染状况。方法采集长白山部分地区正常人血清629份,应用间接免疫荧光试验检测5种蜱传病原体的血清抗体,应用SPSS软件进行χ2检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查地区人群5种蜱传病原体的感染普遍,抗体阳性率分别为斑点热立克次体11.92%、莱姆病螺旋体7.15%、贝氏柯克斯体7.14%、森林脑炎病毒4.45%、查菲埃立克体3.18%,斑点热立克次体明显高于其他4种病原体（χ2=13.431,P〈0.01）,莱姆病螺旋体和贝氏柯克斯体高于蜱传脑炎病毒和查菲埃立克体（χ2=11.061,P〈0.05）。阳性率分布的比较,长白山脉北部、中部地区的6市县阳性率有差别,但无统计学意义（χ2=8.759,P〉0.05）,珲春地区明显高于南部地区桓仁（χ2=11.579,P〈0.01）。调查地区存在西伯利亚和黑龙江立克次体感染,黑龙江立克次体阳性率（9.1%）明显高于西伯利亚立克次体（2.4%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=11.267,P〈0.01）。结论长白山地区人群5种蜱媒传染病感染普遍。提示调查地区存在其自然疫源地,应积极做好蜱媒传染病防治及蜱叮咬的防护工作。     

东北部分地区蜱携带几种病原立克次体的分子检测

目的为了解东北地区蜱中携带立克次体的情况。方法应用人工小时布旗法采集东北部分地区不同生境的游离蜱,采用PCR作斑点热立克次体、查菲埃立克体、人粒细胞无形体DNA检测。结果从东北地区全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱检出查菲埃立克体DNA,全沟硬蜱平均阳性率为3.29%,森林革蜱为1.88%;从全沟硬蜱检出人粒细胞无形体DNA,平均阳性率为2.98%;从嗜群血蜱检出斑点热立克次体DNA,其平均阳性率(6.67%)明显高于全沟硬蜱(1.69%)和森林革蜱(2.36%)。结论东北地区全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱可能是查菲埃立克体、人粒细胞无形体的主要携带媒介,嗜群血蜱主要携带斑点热立克次体,提示东北地区存在三种蜱媒立克次体病的自然疫源地。     

浙江省建德市蜱媒传染病综合监测研究

目的 了解建德地区蜱媒传染病主要宿主和媒介的种群密度、季节消长、染带关系和病原体携带状况,为蜱媒传染病预防控制提供科学依据。方法 采用布旗法、宿主动物体表检蜱法采集蜱,用鼠笼捕捉鼠形动物,采用PCR方法检测其蜱媒传染病感染情况。结果 建德地区主要蜱种有长角血蜱、中华硬蜱和镰形扇头蜱,长角血蜱为优势种,布旗法6月蜱密度最高,体表检蜱法6月带蜱率最高。在蜱及宿主动物中检出嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴贝西原虫、查菲埃立克体、立克次体、巴尔通体、肾综合征出血热病毒6种蜱媒传染病病原体,并存在病原体复合感染。结论 建德地区蜱媒传染病的宿主和媒介广泛分布,而且携带多种病原体,需要采取措施进行防制。     

南平市啮齿动物蜱传病原体检测及复合感染研究

目的 了解南平市啮齿动物监测点中蜱传病原体的种类及复合感染情况,为蜱传疾病防制提供依据。方法 用笼夜法于2015—2020年对南平市7个监测点进行捕鼠。用PCR方法对鼠标本进行伯氏疏螺旋体、巴尔通体、新埃立克体、巴贝虫和无形体相关基因片段检测。结果 捕获331只鼠,病原体感染率：巴尔通体13.6%(45/331)、无形体4.2%(14/331)、新埃立克体3.9%(13/331)、巴贝虫2.4%(8/331)、伯氏疏螺旋体1.5%(5/331),复合感染率4.5%(15/331)。结论 南平市啮齿动物中存在巴尔通体、无形体、新埃立克体、巴贝虫和伯氏疏螺旋体感染及复合感染,该调查可为南平市蜱媒传染病的防控提供参考。     

中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带病原体情况研究

目的掌握2013-2014年中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带病原体情况。方法采用PCR检测蜱标本中伯氏疏螺旋体、无形体、立克次体、贝纳柯克斯体、巴通体5种病原体。结果检测发现伯氏疏螺旋体2例、立克次体28例、巴通体6例。其中立克次体是长白口岸地区占绝对优势地位的蜱传病原体。结论中朝边境长白口岸蜱类携带立克次体、伯氏疏螺旋体、巴通体等病原体,为蜱传疾病的防控和研究提供依据。     

辽吉两省东部山区野鼠中蜱媒病原立克次体感染的调查研究

目的了解东北地区辽吉两省东部山区啮齿动物的几种重要蜱媒病原体感染及分布情况。方法采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和间接免疫荧光(IFA)对从辽宁省宽甸和吉林省集安林区捕获的野鼠进行病原体DNA检测和血清抗体调查。结果捕获鼠132只,黑线姬鼠为该地区优势鼠种。PCR检测鼠脾标本132份,无形体、埃立克体及新埃立克体阳性率分别为6.06%、14.39%和3.79%,埃立克体阳性率明显高于无形体和新埃立克体(χ~2=11.083 1,P=0.003 9)。IFA检测鼠血清75份,无形体及埃立克体阳性率分别为8.00%和13.33%,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.629 2,P=0.427 5)。鼠中存在几种蜱媒病原体的复合感染(1.52%～5.33%)。结论我国东北地区东部山区啮齿动物中3种立克次体感染普遍,埃立克体感染较严重,提示可能存在多种立克次体病的自然疫源地。     

三种蜱媒传染病在媒介蜱和鼠类中复合感染的研究

目的 了解中国部分地区埃立克体病和其他蜱媒传染病病原体的复合感染情况。方法 运用聚合酶链反应方法对内蒙古自治区、黑龙江省、北京市的蜱和鼠类标本粒细胞埃立克体、莱姆病螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体的感染进行检测，对福建省的蜱和鼠脾脏标本中查菲埃立克体、斑点热立克次体及莱姆病螺旋体的感染情况进行检测。结果 内蒙古采集的全沟硬蜱408只，人粒细胞埃立克体感染率68％，莱姆病螺旋体感染率7．8％，斑点热群立克次体感染率45．6％，其中粒细胞埃立克体与莱姆病螺旋体复合感染标本5份(5／408)，粒细胞埃立克体与斑点热群立克次体复合感染标本1份(1／408)。黑龙江采集的46只全沟硬蜱中人粒细胞埃立克体感染率6．5％，莱姆病螺旋体感染率10．8％，斑点热群立克次体感染率34．8％，其中粒细胞埃立克体与莱姆病螺旋体复合感染标本1份(1／46)。北京市采集的蜱类标本922只，有2只检测到莱姆病螺旋体的DNA片段。福建省宁化地区采集的优势蜱种越原血蜱283组(659只)中，查菲埃立克体最小阳性率为3．8％(25组阳性)，38份野鼠脾脏的阳性率为564％(21只阳性)，检测出有2只(2／659)蜱同时感染了粒细胞埃立克体和斑点热群立克次体，野鼠的脾脏标本中，也发现有一只同时感染了查菲埃立克体和斑点热立克次体。结论 人粒细胞埃立克体和莱姆病螺旋体复合感染以及查菲埃立克体和斑点热群立克次体复合感染可能在特定地区发生；其地区的蜱类、鼠类存在着极低的复合感染。     

中蒙接壤二连浩特边境口岸地区鼠传疾病调查

目的 调查二连浩特口岸地区鼠传疾病病原体分布及人群抗体,预测鼠传疾病在当地的流行趋势。方法2019—2020年的5-9月,在内蒙古二连浩特口岸采用弓形夹法、夹夜法捕获啮齿类动物,每月连续监测5 d,用PCR法检13种病原体（鼠疫菌、土拉菌、布鲁菌、贝氏柯克斯体、钩端螺旋体、伯氏疏螺旋体、巴尔通体、无形体、立克次体、埃立克体、巴贝西原虫、博卡病毒、汉坦病毒）,用ELISA法检测出入境体检人员12种鼠传疾病的IgG抗体。结果 连续两年在二连浩特口岸共布鼠夹12 000夹次,捕获527只鼠形动物,计2目6科9属13种,优势种为子午沙鼠。在子午沙鼠、长爪沙鼠、黑线毛足鼠、达乌尔黄鼠、五趾跳鼠、羽尾跳鼠、黑线仓鼠、短尾仓鼠及刺猬中检出巴尔通体;在达乌尔黄鼠、长爪沙鼠、五趾跳鼠中检出无形体;在达乌尔黄鼠、长爪沙鼠、子午沙鼠、五趾跳鼠中检出斑疹伤寒立克次体。从91份人血清中检测到7种病原体抗体,包括布鲁菌、贝氏柯克斯体、钩端螺旋体、伯氏疏螺旋体、立克次体、斑疹伤寒立克次体和汉坦病毒。结论 中蒙二连浩特口岸地区鼠形动物种类丰富,鼠体携带病原体比率较高,存在立克次体、巴尔通体及无形体的自然感染,存在着人...     

河南商城地区蜱媒传染病的相关调查

目的 了解河南商城地区可能存在的蜱媒传染病的感染情况.方法 通过现场调查和实验室检测相结合的方法,对该地区病例、媒介蜱和宿主动物进行了调查.对43例病例的临床表现和实验室检测进行回顾性分析.用PCR和序列测定方法对媒介蜱和啮齿类宿主动物样本中查菲埃立克体、无形体、Q热立克次体的感染进行检测.结果 病例临床表现以发热伴白...     

天津市农牧地区2007--2009年莫氏立克次体、横赛巴尔通体、恙虫病东方体血清流行病学调查

目的 分析天津市农牧地区高危人群蚤传及螨传立克次体病流行趋势.方法 2007-2009年,利用现场流行病学调查方法,以农户为单位随机调查天津地区直属的8个区(县)从事农牧业的人群,并现场采集886份血液标本,采用微量间接免疫荧光检测人群莫氏立克次体、横赛巴尔通体及恙虫病东方体特异IgG抗体,并分析比较不同年份、地区、性别及年龄组人群抗体阳性率变化趋势.结果 3种立克次体抗体阳性率均呈上升趋势.其中莫氏立克次体阳性率变化范围为5.0%～58.2%;横赛巴尔通体为2.6%～14.5%;恙虫病东方体为1.8%～39.8%.3种病原体阳性率较高的地区主要集中在天津市东南部及中部近海低海拔地区.结论 天津地区农牧人群普遍存在蚤传及螨传立克次体感染,并且有逐年上升趋势.

Abstract：

Objective To study the sero-epidemiological starus regarding Rickettsia (R.) typhi,Bartonella (B.) henselae and Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi in farmers from rural areas of Tianjin.Methods Field epidemiological surveys were performed in 8 districts (county) of Tianjin city from 2007 to 2009.886 farmers were randomly recruited and their serum samples collected to detect the specific antibodies of R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi by micro-indirect immunoflorescence (IFA).Results The total antibody positive rates of R.typhi increased from 5.0% to 58.2% while B.heaselae had an increase from 2.6% to 14.5% and O.tsutsugamushi increased from 1.8% to 39.8%.Geographic distribution showed that farmers living in the central and southeast areas were higher than that in other areas.Conclusion Infections of both R.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi in farmers from Tianjin areas were popular and the antibody positive rates ofR.typhi,B.henselae and O.tsutsugamushi had an annual increase.     

云南省保山市一起地方性斑疹伤寒暴发的调查

目的 了解云南省保山市一起地方性斑疹伤寒暴发的流行病学特征.方法 收集患者的流行病学资料.应用外斐反应和间接免疫荧光方法同时检测患者血清中莫氏立克次体、恙虫病东方体IgG抗体.用PCR检测鼠类脾脏标本中莫氏立克次体、普氏立克次体gltA基因,恙虫病东方体56kDa蛋白基因,斑点热群立克次体ompA基因,埃立克体16S rRNA基因和无形体16SrRNA基因.结果 2009年7-8月保山市隆阳区该起地方性斑疹伤寒累计发病58例,其中48例为临床诊断病例,10例为实验室诊断病例.3例地方性斑疹伤寒实验室诊断病例存在Karp型恙虫病东方体感染.PCR检测黄胸鼠脾脏85份,其中莫氏立克次体gltA片段阳性3份(阳性率为3.5%),其序列与莫氏立克次体Wilmington株(GenBank U59714.1)同源性为100%;普氏立克次体、恙虫病东方体、斑点热群立克次体、无形体和埃立克体均为阴性.结论 经流行病学、临床资料和实验室检测证实,保山市隆阳区该起疫情为地方性斑疹伤寒.从当地优势鼠种黄胸鼠中检测到莫氏立克次体核酸及序列,表明当地存在地方性斑疹伤寒疫源地.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the epidemiologic characteristics of endemic typhus in Baoshan city. Methods Epidemiological data were collected and characteristics were analyzed. IgG antibody(Ab) of Rickettsia mooseri and Orientia tsutsuganushi in serum of patients were tested using both Weil-Felix and IFA method. The Rickettsia mooseri gltA gene, Rickettsia prowazekii gltA gene,Orientia tsutsugamushi 56 kDa protein gene, SFGR ompA gene, Ehrlichia sp. 16S rRNA gene and Anaplasma sp. 16S rRNA gene in spleen of mice were examined by PCR. Results Fifty- eight endemic typhus cases were found in Longyang district of Baoshan city, during July to August, 2009.Among them, 48 cases were confirmed by clinical diagnosis and 10 cases by laboratory tests. The Ab of Orientia tsutsugamushi Karp serotype was detected in 3 cases from laboratory diagnosis. The spleen samples from 85 Rattns flavipectus were tested using PCR. Of them, 3 samples for Rickettsia mooseri gltA gene showed positive (positive rate was 3.5% ), and the homology of 3 Rickettsia mooseri and Rickettsia mooseri Wilmington strain (GenBank U59714.1) was 100% through comparing gene sequence. The results of PCR for detecting Rickettsia prowazekii, Orientia tsutsugamushi, SFGR,Anaplasma sp. and Ehrlichia. sp were all negative. Conclusion The outbreak of endemic typhus was confirmed in Longyang district of Baoshan city through epidemiological data, clinical diagnosis and laboratory tests. Rickettsia mooseri DNA was detected in the dominant Raw flavipectus, suggesting that endemic typhus did exist in the local areas.     

Rickettsial Seroepidemiology among farm workers, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

High seroprevalence rates for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (8.8%), Coxiella burnetii (6.4%), Bartonella henselae (9.6%), and Rickettsia typhi (4.1%) in 365 farm workers near Tianjin, People's Republic of China, suggest that human infections with these zoonotic bacteria are frequent and largely unrecognized. Demographic features of seropositive persons suggest distinct epidemiology, ecology, and risks.     

Scrub typhus, Republic of Palau

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a severe febrile illness transmitted to humans by trombiculid mites, which normally feed on rodents. The first known outbreak of scrub typhus in Palau occurred in 2001 to 2003 among residents of the remote southwest islands. To determine the extent of scrub typhus distribution in Palau, we tested serum samples from humans and rodents for antibodies to O. tsutsugamushi. Of 212 Palau residents surveyed in 2003, 101 (47.6%) had immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers >1:64, and 56 (26.4%) had concurrent IgG and IgM antibody titers >1:512 and 1:64, respectively. Of 635 banked serum samples collected from Palau residents in 1995, 34 (5.4%) had IgG antibody titers >1:64. Sera collected from rodents (Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) in 2003 and 2005 were tested, and 18 (28.6%) of 63 had IgG antibody titers >1:64. These findings suggest that scrub typhus is endemic in Palau.     

Tickborne pathogen detection, Western Siberia, Russia

Ixodes persulcatus (n = 125) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 84) ticks from Western Siberia, Russia, were tested for infection with Borrelia, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, Bartonella, and Babesia spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays with subsequent sequencing. I. persulcatus ticks were infected with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (37.6% +/- 4.3% [standard deviation]), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.4% +/- 1.4%), Ehrlichia muris (8.8% +/- 2.5%), and Bartonella spp. (37.6% +/- 4.3%). D. reticulatus ticks contained DNA of B. burgdorferi sensu lato (3.6% +/- 2.0%), Bartonella spp. (21.4% +/- 4.5%), and Babesia canis canis (3.6% +/- 2.0%). Borrelia garinii, Borrelia afzelii, and their mixed infections were observed among I. persulcatus, whereas B. garinii NT29 DNA was seen in samples from D. reticulatus. Among the I. persulcatus ticks studied, no Babesia spp. were observed, whereas B. canis canis was the single subspecies found in D. reticulatus.     

浙江省鼠形动物蜱源立克次体感染状况调查

目的了解浙江省不同类型地理环境中鼠形动物蜱源立克次体的感染状况。方法 2009—2011年在安吉县、金东区和天台县用夹夜法捕获鼠形动物,进行分类鉴定、无菌采集肝脾标本,并采用巢式PCR方法检测无形体属与埃立克体属16SrRNA以及立克次体属（包括斑疹伤寒群和斑点热群）与东方体属热休克蛋白基因groEL。结果 3个调查点共捕获鼠形动物14种851头,社鼠（30.32%）、黑线姬鼠（18.80%）和青毛鼠（11.75%）为主要优势种,其中金东区、安吉县和天台县的优势鼠种分别为社鼠（39.20%）、青毛鼠（32.05%）和黑线姬鼠（59.57%）。562份肝脾标本中检出立克次体48份,阳性检出率为8.54%;其中无形体属占3.38%,斑疹伤寒群占1.78%,恙虫病东方体属占1.78%,埃立克体属占1.07%,斑点热群占0.53%。金东区和安吉县无形体属检出率较高为4.76%和4.27%,斑点热群仅在天台县检出。社鼠的立克次体阳性检出率最高为14.97%。同一鼠形动物可存在多种立克次体混合感染。结论浙江省不同类型地理环境鼠形动物中广泛存在立克次体感染,不同地理位罝和不同鼠形动物的蜱源立克次体检出率不同。     

Epidemiology of rickettsial diseases

Rickettsial diseases have a diversity of epidemiologic characteristics reflective of the variety of ecologic situations in which the obligate intracellular bacteria are transmitted to humans. For the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, Rickettsia typhi. R. tsutsugamushi, Coxiella burnetii, and the human ehrlichial agent, humans are a dead-end host who plays no role in the maintenance of the organism in nature. All rickettsioses exist as zoonoses. Moreover, all rickettsiae are found in infected arthopods, which generally serve as the natural hosts and can transmit the infection to the next generation of ticks, mites, chiggers, or fleas. From our anthropocentric viewpoint, Q fever aerosol infection from parturient animals and Brill-Zinsser disease ignited epidemics of louse-borne epidemic typhus are exceptions. However, silent cycles of C. burnetii in ticks and R. prowazekii in the flying squirrel flea may have maintained these agents in transovarial or enzootic cycles for eons before humans and their domestic animals arrived on the scene. Thus, the epidemiology of rickettsial diseases must be recognized as an unfortunate aberration of the rickettsial economy.Several excellent reviews of rickettsial ecology contain a wealth of useful information (2, 8, 55, 70, 84).Presented at the 4th International Symposium on Riskettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases, Pietany, C.S.F.R., 1–6 October, 1990.