双重超声造影在胃癌术前分期中的价值

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of double contrast-enhanced uhrasonography using oral and intravenous contrast agents in preoperative staging of gastric cancer.Methods Sixty-two patients with biopsy-proven gastric cancer were enrolled into this study,and were examined by double contrast-enhanced gastric uhrasonography preoperatively.The results were compared with postoperative pathologic findings.Results The accuracy of oral contrast-enhanced gastric uhrasonography and double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in determining the T stage of gastric cancer was 72.9%(T1:66.7%,T2:60.0%,T3:76.9%,T4:71.4%)and 88.1%(T1:66.7%,T2:80.0%,T3:89.7%,T4:100%),respectively,with a statistically significant difference between the two methods(P =0.036).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and Youden index of oral contrast-enhanced gastric ultrasonography and double contrast-enhanced uhrasonography in assessment of lymph node metastasis were 74.5%,66.7%,72.9%,and 0.41 versus 89.4%,75.0%,86.4%,0.76,respectively.No significant difference in the accuracy of assessment for lymph node metastasis was observed(P ＞ 0.06).Conclusion Double contrastenhanced ultrasonography is useful for preoperative staging of gastric cancer,especially for T staging.     

双重超声造影在胃癌术前评估中的价值

目的:探讨双重超声造影(DCUS)在胃癌术前诊断及评估中的应用价值。方法:对47例胃癌患者行DCUS检查,对病灶位置、大小、大体分型、T分期及N分期进行术前评估,与术后病理结果对比研究。结果:DCUS对胃癌定位的准确率为85.10%（40/47）;能准确测量肿瘤浸润胃壁的厚度（P＞0.05）;对进展期胃癌大体分型准确率为86.84%（33/38）,与病理结果一致性好（Kappa=0.783）;T分期准确率为72.34%（34/47）,与病理结果一致性较好（Kappa=0.614）;N分期准确率为59.57%（28/47）,与病理结果的一致性较差（Kappa=0.395）。结论:DCUS能准确评估胃癌病灶的位置、厚度、大体分型和T分期,可成为胃癌术前诊断与补充诊断的一种可靠方法。     

超声造影在胃癌诊断及术前TNM分期中的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影在胃癌诊断及术前TNM分期中的价值。方法 86例胃癌患者术前进行胃超声造影检查及TNM分期,并与术后病理进行对照分析。结果胃超声造影诊断胃癌检出率为97.67%,T、N、M分期总符合率分别为65.12%、66.28%、94.12%。对T_1、T_2、T_3、T4_期诊断符合率分别为42.86%、60.00%、66.67%、80.00%;对N分期诊断的符合率分别为N_0为85.71%、N_1为51.72%、N_2为73.33%、N_3为57.14%。结论超声造影对胃癌诊断、术前TNM分期与术后病理诊断及分期具有较高的符合率,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

胃窗超声造影与常规超声检查在胃癌术前T分期中的应用比较

 目的　探讨胃窗超声造影在胃癌术前T分期诊断中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的62例胃癌患者资料,术前分别行胃窗超声造影及常规超声检查,将两种检查方法的结果与术后病理对照。结果　胃窗超声造影和常规超声对胃癌病灶的检出率分别为100.0 %（62／62）与64.5 %（40／62）,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2＝24.369,P＜0.05）。胃窗超声造影和常规超声对T1期、T4期分期准确率分别为85.7 %（6／7）、0及92.3 %（36／39）、59.0 %（23／39）,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;对T2、T3期的分期准确率分别为75.0 %（3／4）、0及83.3 %（5／6）、33.3 %（2／6）,差异均无统计学意义（P＝0.143,P＝0.242）。结论　胃窗超声造影对胃癌检出率明显高于常规超声,且在胃癌的术前T分期诊断中具有较高的准确率,有助于指导临床合理施治,是值得推广的无创、便捷的胃部疾病普查手段。     

超声诊断在胃癌术前分期中的价值

 目的　探讨胃癌分期中超声检查的诊断价值。方法　对31例胃癌患者进行术前超声诊断,并与术后病理检查进行对比分析。结果　超声对胃癌分期诊断与术后病理符合率为80.6 %,其中 T1、T2、T3、T4各期判断符合率分别为66.7 %、60.0 %、88.9 %、80.0 %;超声对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断准确率为83.8%。结论　超声对胃癌术前分期提供了重要依据,对临床选择治疗方案和手术切除范围有重要价值。     

超声诊断在胃癌术前分期中的价值

目的 探讨胃癌分期中超声检查的诊断价值.方法 对31例胃癌患者进行术前超声诊断,并与术后病理检查进行对比分析.结果 超声对胃癌分期诊断与术后病理符合率为80.6%,其中T1、T2、T3、T4各期判断符合率分别为66.7%、60.0%、88.9%、80.0%;超声对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断准确率为83.8%.结论 超声对胃癌术前分期提供了重要依据,对临床选择治疗方案和手术切除范围有重要价值.     

胃窗超声造影与超声双重造影对进展期胃癌术前T分期的比较

目的 评价胃窗超声造影与超声双重造影对进展期胃癌术前T分期的价值.方法 143例行手术治疗的胃癌患者术前行胃窗超声造影及超声双重造影检查,根据胃窗超声造影病灶二维图像质量分为病灶显示满意组和不满意组,并进行T分期,将超声检查结果与术后病理结果进行对照分析.结果 143例胃癌患者胃窗超声造影后均表现为局部胃壁不均匀增厚,其中病灶显示满意117例,病灶显示满意率为81.8%(117/143);26例病灶二维图像显示轮廓模糊,病灶溃疡面充满高回声,后方伴声影,病灶浆膜面与周边组织界限不清.胃窗超声造影对胃癌术前T分期的准确率为74.1%(106/143),其中病灶显示满意组的准确率为78.6%(92/117),病灶显示不满意组的准确率为53.8%(14/26).143例患者超声双重造影表现为病灶动脉期高增强,静脉期造影剂廓清早于周围正常组织,呈低增强.超声双重造影对胃癌T分期的准确率为86.7%(124/143),其中病灶显示满意组的准确率为88.9%(104/117),病灶显示不满意组的准确率为76.9%(20/26).胃窗超声造影与超声双重造影的T分期准确率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.031,P<0.01).结论 超声双重造影对进展期胃癌术前T分期的准确性显著高于胃窗超声造影.     

超声诊断在胃癌术前分期中的价值

目的 探讨胃癌分期中超声检查的诊断价值.方法 对31例胃癌患者进行术前超声诊断,并与术后病理检查进行对比分析.结果 超声对胃癌分期诊断与术后病理符合率为80.6%,其中T1、T2、T3、T4各期判断符合率分别为66.7%、60.0%、88.9%、80.0%;超声对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断准确率为83.8%.结论 超声对胃癌术前分期提供了重要依据,对临床选择治疗方案和手术切除范围有重要价值.     

胃超声造影术前评估胃癌TNM分期47例

[目的]探讨胃超声造影在胃癌术前TNM分期中的应用价值。[方法]47例胃癌患者术前进行胃超声造影检查及TNM分期，并与术后病理作对照分析。[结果]胃超声造影诊断胃癌检出率为95．7％，T、N分期总符合率分别为70．0％和64．0％。对T1、T2、T3、T4期诊断符合率分别为50．0％、53.3％、77．8％、80．1％；对N分期诊断的符合率分别为N085．0％、N1 50．0％、N2 55．6％、N3 50．0％，对M1诊断符合率达80％。[结论]超声造影具有较高的胃癌临床分期符合率，可作为进展期胃癌术前常规筛查手段，但对于早期胃癌、胃大弯和胃底部病灶的TN分期符合率相对偏低。     

胃癌术前超声内镜评估TNM分期的临床研究

为了评估超声内镜在胃癌术前分期评估中的作用,83例胃癌患者均于术前行超声内镜检查,并将其内镜分期结果与术后病理学检查分期结果比较.超声内镜分期结果与病理学分期结果比较显示,各期准确率分别为T1期88.9%(8/9),T2期91.2%(21/23),T3期81.5%(31/38),T4期92.3%(12/13);淋巴结转移准确率为78.9%.超声内镜检查可有效进行术前分期,有助于制订合理的治疗方案.     

超声双重造影在胃癌术前诊断和临床分期的初步应用研究

目的 探究超声双重造影在胃癌术前诊断和临床TNM分期中的应用价值.方法 对浙江大学医学院附属第二医院普外科2011年7月至2011年9月期间入院的13例胃癌患者术前进行胃超声双重造影检查及TNM分期,并与术后病理作对照分析.结果 超声双重造影检查对胃癌诊断准确率为100％(13/13),包括早期胃癌1例,进展期胃癌12例;对胃癌浸润深度分期总符合率为76.9％(10/13),检出癌灶直接浸润肝脏2例、网膜1例,3例浸润深度出现偏差的肿瘤均位于胃底或胃大弯;对淋巴结转移阳性的诊断准确率为66.7％(2/3),对淋巴结转移与否诊断的总体符合率为92.3％(12/13).结论 超声双重造影对胃癌的诊断以及术前临床分期具有较高的准确率,可做为进展期胃癌术前常规筛查手段,但对于胃大弯和胃底部病灶的TNM分期符合率相对偏低.     

内镜超声检查在早期胃癌术前分期的应用

目的　探讨内镜超声检查 (EUS)在早期胃癌术前分期中的临床应用价值。方法　对14 9例经胃镜活检证实的胃癌患者 (其中早期胃癌 33例 )术前行内镜超声检查 ,并与术后病理检查结果对照。结果　EUS对胃癌T分期的准确率为 80 .3% ,其中T1期为 81.8% ,T2期为 70 .4 % ,T3期为88.9% ,T4期为 71.4 %。EUS鉴别早期和进展期胃癌的准确率达 95 .1% ,而鉴别胃黏膜和黏膜下癌的准确率仅为 6 3.6 %。EUS对黏膜和黏膜下癌的判断准确率分别为 5 2 .9%和 75 .0 % ,而阳性预测值分别达 90 .0 %和 70 .6 %。EUS对隆起型和平坦型早期胃癌浸润深度的判断准确率均为 10 0 % ,对凹陷型的准确率仅 5 8.6 % ;对分化型和未分化型早期胃癌浸润深度的判断准确率分别为 71.4 %和5 7.9% ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。EUS对早期胃癌浸润深度的判断准确率随着肿瘤直径的增大而降低 ,对早期胃癌淋巴结状况的判断准确率为 90 .9% ,对淋巴结转移的敏感性和特异性分别为 6 6 .7%和 96 .3%。结论　内镜超声检查对早期胃癌术前分期具有较高的临床应用价值。     

超声双重造影术前评估直肠癌环周切缘状态的应用价值

目的:探讨超声双重造影术前评估直肠癌环周切缘(circumferential resection margin,CRM)状态的临床应用价值。方法:选取经病理确诊的63例直肠癌患者作为研究对象,术前行直肠超声双重造影以及盆腔增强磁共振成像(MRI),分别评估直肠癌CRM,并与术后病理结果比较。结果:超声双重造影评估直肠癌CRM的准确率为93.65%(59/63)、敏感度为87.50%(14/16),特异度为97.87%(45/47);MRI评估直肠癌CRM的准确率为85.71%(54/63)、敏感度为93.75%(15/16),特异度为82.98%(39/47);超声双重造影评估直肠癌CRM特异度优于MRI检查,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论:超声双重造影术前能有效评估直肠癌CRM状态,其特异度优于MRI,可作为MRI存在禁忌时的良好替代方法,具有较高临床应用价值。     

超声内镜检查在食管癌术前临床分期的应用价值

背景与目的:食管癌术前临床分期对选择合理治疗方案至关重要,超声内镜(endoscopicultrasonography,EUS)对食管癌T、N分期诊断准确率高,目前已成为国外食管癌治疗前的常规诊断方法。本研究对食管癌超声内镜检查与手术病理结果进行对照研究,以评价其在食管癌术前临床分期中应用价值。方法:对72例食管癌患者行术前EUS检查及术后病理检查,按UICC(1997)TNM分期标准分期,将EUS分期结果和手术病理分期结果进行对照研究。结果:食管癌术前EUS检查T、N分期的诊断准确率分别为80.6%(58/72)、88.9%(64/72)。T0期诊断准确率为50.0%(2/4),T1期为75.0%(3/4),T2期为70.6%(12/17),T3期为90.0%(36/40),T4期为71.4%(5/7);N0期诊断准确率为92.3%(36/39),N1期为84.8%(28/33),其中纵隔淋巴结和腹部淋巴结诊断准确率分别为90.0%和64.5%。EUST分期、N分期结果与病理分期结果有显著相关性(r=0.687,P<0.001;r=0.776,P<0.001)。EUS检查判断分期不准确的22例中,T分期14例,其中8例难以鉴别T2、T3;N分期8例,其中5例为难以鉴别炎性淋巴结和转移淋巴结。结论:EUS对食管癌术前T、N分期诊断准确率较高,其中对T3期食管癌和纵隔淋巴结诊断价值尤其高;准确鉴别T2和T3分期、转移淋巴结和炎性淋巴结及正确诊断腹部淋巴结转移是提高EUS诊断率的重点和难点。     

Validation of staging systems for gastric cancer

BACKGROUND: The two major staging systems for gastric cancer, the Japanese classification of gastric cancer (JCGC) and the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM system, are periodically revised as a consequence of critical validation studies in light of newly accumulated clinical data. This study aimed to validate and improve upon the current versions for a better prognostic stratification of gastric cancer. METHODS: One thousand and ten gastric cancer patients who underwent tumor resection were enrolled at the Kitasato University Hospital for staging validation. According to the JCGC stage, the patients consisted of stage IA (n=453), IB (n=185), II (n = 119), IIIA (n=75), IIIB (n=51), and IV (n=127). RESULTS: Regarding consistency between the JCGC and the UICC system, the results were: for patients in stage IA (100%), IB (98%), II (84%), IIIA (51%), IIIB (24%), and IV (64%). The JCGC system was superior to the UICC system for the prognostic stratification of stage IIIA, IIIB, and IV cancers; we therefore used the JCGC system for prognostic validation according to depth of invasion in cancers of the same stage. Stage II and IIIA cancers were heterogeneous for prognosis according to depth of invasion, and the outstanding difference was found between the muscularis propria (MP) and subserosa (SS), which are both classified as pT2 in the JCGC system. MP cancer represented an earlier property of gastric cancer rather than an advanced one. A proposed novel staging system adjusted for this heterogeneity provided a clearer stratification of prognosis with a homogeneous prognostic distribution within each stage. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that invasion into the MP has an earlier propensity than expected, and a novel staging system taking this into account may provide a better stratification of prognosis than the current systems.     

Laparoscopy significantly improves the perceived preoperative stage of gastric cancer

Background The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of laparoscopy in staging patients with gastric cancer in comparison with preoperative computed tomography (CT) examination.Methods One hundred patients out of a consecutive series of 258 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent a preoperative staging CT followed by a staging laparoscopy. The strengths of the agreement between the CT stage, the laparoscopic stage, and the final histopathological stage were determined by the weighted Kappa statistic (Kw).Results The strengths of agreement between the CT stage and the final histopathological stage were Kw = 0.336 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.172–0.5; P = 0.0001) for T stage and 0.378 (95% CI; 0.226–0.53; P = 0.0001) for M stage, compared with 0.455 (95% CI; 0.301–0.609; P = 0.0001) and 0.73 (95% CI; 0.596–0.864; P = 0.0001) for the laparoscopic T and M stages, respectively. Unsuspected metastases that were not detected by CT, were found in 21 patients at laparoscopy, all of whom had T3 or T4 locally advanced tumors evident on CT.Conclusions Preoperative laparoscopic staging of gastric cancer is indicated for potential surgical candidates with locally advanced disease in the absence of metastases on CT.An original article presented at The British Society of Gastroenterology, Birmingham, 2002 (Gut 2002; 50 [Suppl. II] A8).     

超声诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的价值

淋巴结转移是胃癌转移的主要方式,也是评价胃癌分期、影响胃癌治疗及预后的独立危险因素。临床上多用MSCT来评估胃癌的淋巴结转移,但综合目前已发表的文献来看,其准确性、敏感性和特异性不能满足胃癌术前分期准确性的临床要求。缺乏统一诊断标准和大规模的临床研究数据,以及CT对软组织辨别的限制是个中的主要原因。得益于超声设备硬件和软件技术的日益进步,胃癌诊断、治疗与随诊的超声检查水平一直在不断地提高。本文就当前胃癌的研究热点,综合评价不同的超声检查方法,着重于超声新技术在诊断胃癌淋巴结转移的研究现状,对其临床意义进行客观性评价。