4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸的合成工艺改进研究

目的对4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸的合成工艺条件进行优化。方法以1-脒基吡唑盐酸盐和乙氧基甲叉基丙二酸二乙酯为起始原料,在三乙胺催化下环合得到中间体4-羟基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)嘧啶-5-甲酸乙酯,再经过氢氧化锂在四氢呋喃–水混合溶剂中水解得到目标化合物。结果合成了目标化合物,经MS、1H-NMR确证了结构,质量分数为99.5%,本合成工艺的总收率为87%。结论该合成工艺具有操作简单、反应条件温和、成本低、产率和纯度较高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

抗霉菌药1-[β-(对硝基苯氧基)-2,4-二氯苯乙基]咪唑硝酸盐的合成

合成抗霉菌药1-[β-(对-硝基苯氧基)-2,4-二氯苯乙基]咪唑时,制备2',4'-二氯-2-(1-咪唑基)苯乙酮(Ⅲ),用过量咪唑作缩合剂效果较好(过量咪唑可以回收)。α-(2,4-二氯苯基)咪唑-1-乙醇和对-硝基氯苯缩合时,使用极性和非极性溶剂并使用适当触媒优于用四氢呋喃。     

1,3-双-[2-(3-氨基苯基)咪唑-1-基甲基]苯的合成

间硝基苯甲腈与乙二胺进行缩合反应生成2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑啉,继以活性二氧化锰氧化生成2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑.该咪唑与间-二(溴甲基)苯进行烷基化反应生成1,3-双[2-(3-硝基苯基)咪唑-1-基甲基]苯,再以水合肼还原生成目标化合物.     

2-(3-氰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯的合成

目的优化非布司他关键中间体2-(3-氰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(4)的合成方法。方法采用"一勺烩"方法,以4-羟基苯甲腈为起始原料,首先与硫氢化钠和无水氯化镁在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中反应,所得中间体不经分离,直接加入2-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯进行环合反应,得到2-(4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(2);然后通过六亚甲基四胺/三氟乙酸进行Duff反应,得到2-(3-甲酰基-4-羟基)苯基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸乙酯(3);再经盐酸羟胺/甲酸/甲酸钠体系脱水得到目标化合物。结果经四步反应合成非布司他关键中间体4,总收率为22.6%,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱确证。结论改进后的工艺终产品无需柱色谱纯化,适合工业化生产。     

2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙酸的合成工艺改进

目的改进骨质疏松治疗药米诺膦酸的关键中间体2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙酸的合成工艺。方法以反式-4-氧基-2-丁烯酸乙酯和2-氨基吡啶为起始原料,经环合、水解得到2-(咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-基)乙酸。结果与结论该合成方法首次以纯水替代有机溶剂作为反应溶剂,采用"一锅法"合成目标化合物,降低了该中间体的制备成本,而且环境友好,更适合于工业化生产。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究 ⅩⅩⅩⅥ.4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成

本文报导28个4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成。这类化合物的合成是以吡嗪甲酸乙酯与水合肼反应得2-吡嗪甲酰肼,再与不同的异硫氰酸酯作用后,在2N氢氧化钠溶液中环合而得Ⅱ或Ⅲ,然后经烷化、酰化及Mannich反应,分别制得相应的化合物。其中Ⅲ_1和Ⅲ_2对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显肝移作用。     

1,2,6,7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑和2,3,6,7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑的合成方法研究

目的 研究1，2，6，7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑和2，3，6，7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑的合成方法。方法 以4,5-二甲氧基-2-溴硝基苯和4-碘-1，2．二甲氧基苯为原料，经Ullmann反应得2-(3，4-二甲氧基苯基)-4．5．二甲氧基硝基苯(3)，再经亚磷酸三乙酯还原环合得1，2，6，7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑(1)和2，3，6，7-四甲氧基-9H-咔唑(2)。结果 以4，5-二甲氧基-2-溴硝基苯和4-碘-1，2-二甲氧基苯为原料，制得3的收率为42％，3经环合制备l和2的收率分别为38％和39％。结论 化合物3经亚磷酸三乙酯还原环合时。等量得到l和2。研究发现化合物2还可由Ullmann反应的副产物4，4′，5，5′-四甲氧基-2，2′-二硝基联苯4经亚磷酸三乙酯还原环合制得。     

血吸虫病化学治疗的研究 ⅩⅩⅩⅥ.4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成

本文报导28个4-苯基(或烯丙基)-5-(吡嗪-2)-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮衍生物的合成。这类化合物的合成是以吡嗪甲酸乙酯与水合肼反应得2-吡嗪甲酰肼,再与不同的异硫氰酸酯作用后,在2N氢氧化钠溶液中环合而得Ⅱ或Ⅲ,然后经烷化、酰化及Mannich反应,分别制得相应的化合物。其中Ⅲ₁和Ⅲ₂对感染日本血吸虫小白鼠有明显肝移作用。     

(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺改进

目的 优化(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺.方法 以S-(-)-α-甲基苄胺为原料,与乙醛酸乙酯反应得到[(S)-1-苯乙基亚胺基]乙酸乙酯,与异戊二烯进行环合后,再经不对称氢化和脱保护反应制得(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯.结果 总收率从17.0％提高至47.6％.结论 本工艺可有效地降低生产成本.     

2-(2-取代苯基)噻唑-4-(甲)乙酸类化合物的设计、合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的为了寻找有效的Pin1小分子抑制剂,以2-苯基咪唑-4-甲酸为先导化合物,设计并合成了18个2-(2-取代苯基)噻唑-4-(甲)乙酸类化合物8a-8r。方法以2-甲氧基苯甲酸为起始原料,经8步反应得到目标化合物;利用已建立的酶活性筛选平台测试了目标化合物浓度为10μmol·L~(-1)时对Pin1酶的抑制率;采用MTT法,考察了目标化合物对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的生长抑制作用。结果与讨论合成了18个未见文献报道的化合物,其结构经~1H-NMR谱和MS谱确证;多数化合物具有Pin1抑制活性,其中化合物8 h的抑制率达到100%;化合物的整体细胞生长抑制作用较弱,化合物8 c和8 g对PC-3细胞具有中等生长抑制作用。     

Antibacterial, antifungal and anticonvulsant evaluation of novel newly synthesized 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles

Several novel 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) ethyl]-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazoles (3a-h) have been synthesized by the condensation of 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) and appropriate acid chlorides. 1-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-ethyl]-1H-benzotriazole (2) was synthesized by reacting 3-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)propanenitrile with sodium azide and ammonium chloride in the presence of dimethylformamide. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR and PMR analysis. The titled compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by the cup plate method and anticonvulsant activity evaluated by the maximal electroshock induced convulsion method in mice. All synthesized compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Compounds 5-(2-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(4-aminophenyl)methanone 3d and 5-(2-(1 H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo-1-yl)ethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)(2-aminophenyl)methanone 3e elicited excellent anticonvulsant activity.     

6-取代苯基哒嗪的3位γ-氨基丁酸衍生物的合成及抗惊活性

GABA的合成类似物是开发新型抗惊剂和抗癫痫药物的新领域。由芳香醛与吗啉、氰化钾反应形成的α-芳基-α-(4-吗啉)乙腈,可对α,β-不饱和腈或酯进行1,4-加成,生成1,4-酮酸型化合物。此物与肼缩合,再经芳构化即得6-芳基-3(2H)哒嗪酮。后者再经氯化后。与GABA缩合,制备3-(N-GABA)-6-芳基哒嗪类及其分子内脱水产物3-(N-丁内酰胺)-6-芳基哒嗪类化合物。本文应用此法合成了17个上述苯代哒嗪的GABA衍生物,并初步测验了它们的抗惊(MES)活性。活性最强的是3-(N-GABA)-6-(2′,4′-二氯苯基)哒嗪(ED₅₀=21.05mg/kg)。     

Six compounds from marine fungus Y26-02

Two new compounds, together with four known compounds, have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the marine fungus Y26-02. Their structures were elucidated, respectively, as 5-(ethynyloxy)-3-hydroxy-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1), 4-(butoxymethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (2), 4-(methoxymethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (3), 2-acetoxymethylphenol (4), N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide (5), and 4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6) on the basis of their spectroscopic and physico-chemical properties.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivatives

A series of 6-aryl-5-cyano-2-thiouracil derivatives (1a-d) was synthesized by the reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate with thiourea and aldehydes. These products were used as intermediate compounds for the synthesis of a number of thiouracil derivatives (2a-d to 10a-d). All compounds were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Some of the prepared compounds, 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (2a), 4-oxo-2-thioxo-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (2d), 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydrazino-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-cabonitrile (7a) and 4-hydrazino-2-thioxo-6-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (7d) revealed promising antimicrobial activity.     

Azachalcones. Part 2: Reactions of 3,3-diazachalcones

1,3-Di(3-pyridyl)-2-propen-1-one (1) react with malononitrile in presence of ammonium acetate to afford 2-amino-3-cyano-4, 6-di(3-pyridyl)pyridine (2), which was converted to the nicotinamide derivative 3 by hydrolysis with alkali. In a similar way, 1 react with ethyl cyanoacetate to give 3-cyano-4,6-(3-pyridyl)-2-pyridone (4). Treating of 1 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride afforded the oxime 5 which upon reaction with alkyl- or aryl-isocyanates gave the oxime carbamates 6. Reaction of thiourea and hydrazines with 1 gave the thiopyrimidine 7 and the pyrazolines 8, respectively. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed according to their IR and UV spectra. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against several microorganisms is presented.     

Synthesis, in vitro-antimycobacterial activity and cytotoxicity of some alkyl alpha-(5-aryl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio)acetates

A new series of alkyl alpha-[5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1, 3, 4- thiadiazole-2-ylthio] and alpha-[5-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-ylthio]acetates (6a-e, 6f-j) were synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis as part of the TAACF (Tuberculosis Antimicrobial Acquisition and Coordinating Facility) TB screening program. Primary screening was conducted at the single concentration of 6.25 microg/mL against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv in BACTEC 12B medium using a broth microdilution assay, the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for compounds demonstrating >90 % growth inhibition in the primary screening. Seven compounds were efficient antimycobacterial agents showing MIC values ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 microg/mL. Among nitrofuran derivatives, methyl (6a), ethyl (6b), and benzyl (6e) esters displayed a good antituberculosis activity (MIC=0.78-3.13 microg/mL) and the others were inactive. In the nitro imidazole series, methyl (6f), ethyl (6g), propyl (6h) and butyl (6i) esters showed significant activity against M. tuberculosis while benzyl (6j) ester was inactive. Also, active compounds were screened by serial dilution to assess toxicity to a VERO cell line. A varying degree of toxicity was observed in nitrofuran and nitroimidazole derivatives (IC(50) = 2.3 - >10 microg/mL).     

仙人掌肉质茎的化学成分

目的研究仙人掌的化学成分。方法应用多种柱色谱方法进行分离和纯化,采用NMR和MS等波谱手段签定化学结构。结果从仙人掌肉质茎的乙醇提取物中分离出5个化合物,并分别鉴定为:1[6αD吡喃葡萄糖甲苷)]L(-)苹果酸甲酯(Ⅰ)、1(3乙基苯基)1,2乙二醇(Ⅱ)、(S)3羟基3甲基戊二酸甲酯(Ⅲ)、乙基αD呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅳ)、乙基βD吡喃果糖苷(Ⅴ)。结论化合物Ⅱ~Ⅴ均为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物I为新化合物,命名为仙人掌酯B。     

Azoles. 27. Nitroimidazole derivatives, their antibacterial and fungicidal activity and electron affinity

Nitroimidazole derivatives 3a-3g, 4a-4g and 5-8 were synthesized by treating 4,5-dinitro- and 2-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole (1,2) with phenacyl bromide, its p-substituted derivatives or epichlorohydrin. 1-(3-Chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-4,5-dinitroimidazole (5) and its 2-methyl derivative 6 have been converted to imidazo-oxazoles 7 and 8 or amino imidazole derivatives 9-14 by the action of potassium carbonate or cyclic amines (pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine and N-methylpiperazine). Some of the newly synthesized nitroimidazole derivatives show antibacterial and fungicidal activity. The electron affinity of the nitroimidazole derivatives 1-24 is discussed on the basis of their half-wave potentials and in the connection with their eventual radiosensitizing properties.     

Synthesis, anticancer activity and radiosensitizing evaluation of some new 2-pyridone derivatives

Based on the reported anticancer activity of 2-pyridone, a new series of 6-amino-5-cyano-1-(3-ethylphenyl)-2-oxo-4-substituted-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbo-nitriles 4a-p were synthesized and tested for in-vitro anticancer activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell line and liver human tumor cell line (HEPG2). Radiosensitizing activity was also evaluated. The starting material 2-cyano-N-(3-ethylphenyl)-acetamide 3 was obtained via reaction of 3-ethyl aniline 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate under condition of fusion. Upon treatment of compound 3 with aromatic aldehyde and malononitrile in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine yielded the corresponding 1,2-dihydropyridine derivative 4a-p. Also chromenes 5 and 6 were obtained in good yield via reaction of compound 3 with salicyladehyde under different condition. The chromene derivatives 5 and 6 were further reacted with malononitrile in NH4OAc, afford the corresponding chromenopyridones 7 and 8. The structures of the synthesized compounds 3-8 were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. Compounds 4d, 4e, 5 and 6 showed higher anticancer activity against EAC cell line with IC50 values (75.32, 20.77, 73.1 and 67.05 μM) compared to doxorubicin as positive control with IC50 value (68.13 μM), moreover, these compounds showed potent activity on HEPG2 cell line with IC50 values (26.5, 19.2, 39.3, 44.9 μM), respectively, compared to doxorubicin (CAS 29042-30-6) (38.46 μM) and their activity increased synergistically when combined with γ-radiation.     

D2 dopaminergic and 5-HT1A serotonergic activity of 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl- and 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl amines

Several tertiary 2-phenylethyl, 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl and 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl amines were synthesized and their binding affinities for dopamine D(1), D(2) and serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors evaluated in radioligand binding assays. All compounds were inactive in D(1) dopamine radioligand binding assay. The 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl analogues expressed a low but significant binding affinity for the D(2) and moderate one for the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtypes. Most of the remaining compounds expressed binding affinity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor subtype but were inactive in D(2) receptor binding assay. Based on these results and considering the chemical characteristics of the compounds synthesized and evaluated for dopaminergic and serotonergic activity throughout the present study it can be concluded that hydrophobic type of interaction (stacking or edge-to-face) plays a significant role in the formation of receptor-ligand complexes of 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl amines. This structural motive can be applied to design and synthesize new, more potent dopaminergic/serotonergic ligands by slight chemical modifications.