As2O3诱导白血病细胞凋亡过程中Ca2+的变化及其调节

目的研究Ca2 在As2O3诱导白血病细胞系NB4、K562、HL-60凋亡中的作用,及抗氧化剂NAC、NDMS、CAT和Cae 清除剂Quin 2对As2O3引起的Ca2 变化的调控作用.方法细胞内Ca2 用Fluo-3AM标记,并用流式细胞仪检测.结果0.6 μmol/L As2O3作用72 h能诱导NB4发生44.9%的凋亡,提高其浓度至2.7和8.1 μmol/L,也能诱导K562和HL-60分别发生58.3%和62.3%凋亡.As2O3能不同程度降低NB4和HL-60细胞内Ca2 水平,对K562细胞内Ca2 水平影响不大.抗氧化剂NAC、NDMS、CAT和Ca2 清除剂Quin 2对As2O3引起的NB4细胞Ca2 水平下降显示出抑制作用,对HL-60细胞内Ca2 水平下降无明显抑制作用.结论Ca2 水平下降在As2O3诱导的不同白血病细胞凋亡作用过程起着不同的作用.抗氧化剂NAC、NDMS、CAT和Ca2 清除剂Quin 2可不同程度地抑制As2O3诱导的NB4细胞凋亡时细胞内Ca2 水平下降.     

三氧化二砷对人白血病细胞株NB4和K562及MOLt4的增殖、周期及凋亡的影响

目的：观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)对人白血病细胞株NB4、K562、MOLt4的增殖，周期及凋亡的影响。方法：采用台盼蓝拒染法计数活细胞数．并计算细胞生长率；细胞涂片经Wright-Giemsa染色，光镜下观察细胞的形态；流式细胞仪解析细胞周期。结果：1)As2O3能够抑制NB4、K562、MOLt4细胞的增殖。2)4μmol/L As2O3能够使K562细胞发生M期阻滞。但NB4、MOLt4细胞未见明显改变。3)2、4μmol/L的As2O3处理NB4、MOLt4和K562细胞48h．NB4、MOLt4细胞株的凋亡细胞明显增多。但是．K561细胞未见明显改变。结论：As2O3不但对NB4细胞具有抑制增殖．诱导细胞凋亡的作用．而且对非，t(15：17)的K562、MOLt4细胞也具有抑制增殖的作用．同时诱导MOLt4细胞凋亡．使K562细胞发生M期阻滞。     

洛伐他汀对 HL-60、 KG-1、 K562白血病细胞体外作用的研究

目的：观察胆固醇合成抑制剂洛伐他汀（lovatatin,LOV)对HL－60、KG－1、K562白血病细胞增殖、凋亡的影响，并进一步探讨其作用机制。方法：首先利用MTT法、台盼蓝拒染法观察LOV对HL－60、KG－1、K562细胞增殖及活力的影响。再通过细胞形态观察，DNA凝胶电泳，流式细胞术分析，RT－PCR半定量测定bcl-2mRNA水平等技术，系统观察LOV对HL－60、KG－1、K562体外诱导凋亡的情况。结果：（1）LOV抑制HL－60、KG－1、K562细胞增殖，IC50分别为17．16、51．65、58．95μmol/L；(2)LOV诱导HL－60、KG－1、K562细胞凋亡，影响细胞周期进程，细胞阻滞于G1／S期；LOV在诱导HL－60细胞凋亡过程中随作用时间延长，bcl-2表达水平逐渐下降。结论：LOV抑制HL－60、KG－1、K562细胞增殖并诱导凋亡，阻滞细胞周期进程于G1／S期；bcl-2参与了LOV诱导凋亡的基因调控。     

三氧化二砷诱导K562细胞凋亡与其抑制Evi-1表达有关

背景与目的： 探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导K562细胞凋亡的分子机制。 材料与方法： 分别以1、2、4、8 μmol/L的As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡,每隔24 h采用光镜和电镜观察细胞形态变化,MTT观察细胞增殖抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,RT-PCR检测Evi-1mRNA表达率,ELISA检测细胞内JNK蛋白。 结果： As2O3对K562细胞增殖具有明显的抑制作用,且呈剂量-时间关系;1、2、4、8 μmol/L的As2O3可使K562细胞发生凋亡,在本实验时间段内随着作用时间的延长细胞凋亡逐渐升高,诱导细胞凋亡的最佳浓度为4 μmol/L;在此过程中K562细胞的Evi-1基因表达下调,JNK蛋白表达增多,两者跟As2O3浓度存在剂量-时间关系。 结论： As2O3通过抑制K562细胞Evi-1表达,从而激活JNK信号传导途径,促进细胞凋亡,这可能是As2O3促进K562细胞凋亡的机制之一。     

三硫化二砷诱导 HL-60细胞凋亡与坏死的实验研究

目的：研究三硫化二砷（As2S3)能否诱导急性粒细胞白血病细胞株（HL－60）凋亡与坏死。方法：应用细胞生长测定、形态学观察及流式细胞仪检测等多种方法,在体外研究As2S3对HL－60细胞凋亡和增殖抑制的作用。结果：2．5μmol/L As2S3作用18h后诱导HL－60小部分细胞凋亡和大部分细胞坏死,7．5μmol/L As2S3作用8h后可引起HL－60细胞凋亡。结论：As2S3可诱导HL－60细胞凋亡与坏死,有必要进一步探索其对急性粒细胞白血病治疗的价值。     

三氧化二砷对人肝癌HepG2细胞内活性氧水平的影响

[目的]探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3）对人肝癌细胞生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用及其对细胞内活性氧（ROS）水平的影响。[方法]用MTT法、DNALadder检测及流式细胞术等观察As2O3对人肝癌细胞株HepG2的生长抑制和诱导凋亡作用及细胞内ROS的变化。[结果]As2O3能明显抑制HepG2细胞的增殖,并呈时间和剂量依赖性。DNALadder检测示,121μmol／L As2O3处理HepG2细胞48h开始出现DNALadder条带。流式细胞仪分析显示As2O3处理人肝癌细胞HepG2 12、24、36h后细胞内ROS水平较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）,且呈时间依赖性。[结论]As20,可通过抑制人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和提高细胞内ROS水平诱导细胞凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

三氧化二砷诱导K562细胞凋亡中Caspase3的变化

目的：观察三氧化二砷（As2O3)诱导K562细胞凋亡过程中Caspase3 活性的变化。方法：K562细胞分别用浓度为0．5umol/L,1umol/L,2umol/L,5umol/L的As2O3处理不同时间＊（0,6h,12h,24h,47h,72h),用流式细胞仪检测K562细胞凋亡率,荧发光光度计检测Caspase3活性,结果：1umol/L-5umol/L的As2O3可诱导K562细胞凋亡,As2O3学在2umol/L以上时作用更明显,K562细胞凋亡过程中Caspase3活性明显升高,结论：As2O3可诱导K562细胞凋亡,以2umol/L以上的浓度作用更明显,Caspase3活化参与了As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡的过程。     

谷胱甘肽含量对肿瘤多药耐药相关蛋白1的影响

目的 研究应用丁硫氨酸亚砜胺（BSO）降低谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量后,三氧化二砷（As2O3）对K562/ADM细胞的诱导凋亡效应,及其对多药耐药相关蛋白1（MRP1）的抑制作用.方法 As2O3组（0.5、2.0、5.0 μmol/L）单独及联合100 μmol/L BSO作用于K562/ADM细胞,应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）比色法检测K562/ADM细胞的增殖活性;Annexin V/PI标记法观察K562/ADM细胞的凋亡效应;分光光度法检测K562/ADM细胞内GSH含量变化;流式细胞术（FCM）检测的MRP1蛋白水平表达变化;反转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测MRP1的编码基因mRNA的表达变化.结果 降低GSH含量后,临床剂量As2O3（0.5、2.0 μmol/L）联合BSO 24 h内即可抑制K562/ADM细胞的增殖活性,诱导K562/ADM细胞发生凋亡,72 h单用As2O3（0.5、2.0 μmol/L）凋亡率为（8.32±2.11）％、（16.75±3.56）％,GSH含量降低后,两剂量组细胞的凋亡率分别为（82.15±9.28）％和（92.72±9.41）％.72 h后,临床剂量As2O3联合BSO抑制MRP1的荧光强度分别为8.20±0.92和10.40±2.33,明显低于单用高剂量As2O3组的荧光强度（21.30±3.09）;两药联合对于MRP1 mRNA的作用效果也明显强于单用高剂量As2O3组.结论 GSH的含量变化与As2O3的作用效果密切相关,As2O3联合BSO可有效诱导K562/ADM细胞发生凋亡,可有效抑制MRP1及其编码基因mRNA的表达.     

三氧化二砷联合丁硫氨酸亚砜胺诱导人白血病K562/ADM细胞凋亡

目的 观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)联合丁硫氨酸亚砜胺(BSO)对肿瘤多药耐药细胞K562/ADM的诱导凋亡效应,探讨谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量变化对As2O3作用效果的影响.方法 以0.5、2.0、5.0 μmol/L As2O3单独及联合100 μmol/L BSO作用于K562/ADM细胞,应用二苯基溴化四氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞的增殖活性,Annexin V/PI标记法观察细胞的凋亡效应,分光光度法检测细胞内GSH含量的变化.结果 K562/ADM细胞内GSH含量为(81.13±3.91)mg/g prot,明显高于K562细胞(P＜0.01).BSO单独或联合As2O3作用下,随作用时间的延长,K562/ADM细胞内GSH含量逐渐降低.临床剂量(0.5、2.0 μmol/L)As2O3联合BSO作用下,抑制作用逐步增强,72 h两组的细胞增殖抑制率分别为(90.63±5.95)%和(86.12±6.11)%,均分别高于单用相应剂量As2O3组(P＜0.01);凋亡效应逐步增强,72 h两组的细胞凋亡率分别为(82.15±9.28)%和(92.72±9.41)%,均分别高于单用相应剂量As2O3组(P＜0.01).结论 GSH的含量变化与As2O3的作用效果密切相关,As2O3联合BSO可有效诱导K562/ADM细胞发生凋亡.     

三氧化二砷诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中ROS、NF-κB和C-IAP2的变化

背景与目的:探讨As2O3(arsenic trioxide,ATO)对HL-60细胞凋亡过程中细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平、NF-κB(nuclear factor kappa B),及C-IAP2(cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 2)的影响。材料与方法:以7.5μmol/L As2O3单独应用及与500μmol/L N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetyl-L-cysteine,NAC)联合作用于HL-60细胞12、24 h后,流式细胞术检测HL-60细胞ROS的产生量;Western blot法检测NF-κB P65核蛋白的变化情况;半定量RT-PCR法检测C-IAP2的相对表达量。结果:7.5μmol/L的As2O3作用HL-60细胞12、24 h后细胞内ROS的生成增加,与阴性对照比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NF-κBP65核蛋白的相对含量分别为49.3%±4.4%和23.1%±2.1%,C-IAP2的相对表达分别为72.9%±5.8%和59.3%±4.4%,较对照组均明显降低(P<0.05)。500μmol/L NAC和7.5μmol/L As2O3共同作用HL-60细胞12、24 h后细胞ROS生成量相对减少,与AS2O3单独作用组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);NF-κB P65核蛋白的相对含量分别为65.4%±4.9%和37.1%±3.4%,C-IAP2的相对表达量分别为81.1%±5.8%和73.7%±4.9%。较AS2O3单独作用组均明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:As2O3诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中,细胞内ROS生成增加,抑制NF-κB活性,同时下调其靶基因C-IAP2等的表达;NAC能阻断As2O3诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中ROS的生成,部分阻断了NF-κB活性的抑制。     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

整合素在急性白血病中的研究进展

急性白血病是一种早期造血干/祖细咆的恶性克隆性疾病.微小残留病和耐药被认为是其复发和难治的根源.近来,越来越多的证据显示白血病细胞通过与骨髓微环境中的基质细胞或细胞外基质相互作用促进其存活,并增强其对常规化疗药物的耐药.整合素是介导细胞与细胞外基质（细胞与非细胞成分）粘连的最主要黏附分子,在细胞增殖、存活等生物学过程中发挥关键作用,但作用机制尚不完全清楚.现就目前揭示的整合素及肿瘤微环境在急性白血病发生、发展中的作用进行综述.