60岁以上前循环颅内动脉瘤破裂患者的手术疗效

目的观察60岁以上前循环颅内破裂动脉瘤患者手术治疗情况,为提高患者手术疗效和可行性提供依据。方法选取>60岁进行前循环颅内破裂动脉瘤手术的226例患者为研究对象,所有患者随机分为2组,显微开颅夹闭术组113例,血管介入栓塞术组113例。分别观察2组手术治疗效果和预后情况并进行统计学分析。结果 (1)显微开颅夹闭术组手术时间(79.45±16.43)min,血管介入栓塞术组手术时间为(83.12±14.61)min,两者差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。显微开颅夹闭术组术后住院时间(35.35±8.24)d,血管介入栓塞术组术后住院时间(27.16±9.35)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)根据随访结果,显微开颅夹闭术组动脉瘤消失者占78.8%,残余稳定15.0%,复发/扩增6.2%。血管介入栓塞术组动脉瘤消失者占75.2%,残余稳定16.8%,复发/扩增8.0%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)显微开颅夹闭术组预后评分中5分占65.5%,3~4占23.0%,1~2分占11.5%。血管介入栓塞术组预后评分5分占76.1%,3~4分占16.8%,1~2分占7.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 60岁及以上老年人前循环颅内破裂动脉瘤患者行显微开颅夹闭术和血管介入栓塞术治疗均取得确切疗效,可有效控制病情。但血管介入栓塞术住院时间较短,在患者恢复和预后方面略优于显微开颅夹闭术,较适合高龄患者。     

显微开颅夹闭术与血管内栓塞对颅内前循环动脉瘤患者的疗效比较

目的探讨颅内前循环动脉瘤采用显微开颅夹闭术与血管内栓塞治疗的疗效。方法选取82例于2014-06—2015-06许昌市第二人民医院接收的颅内前循环动脉瘤患者,根据手术方式,分为栓塞组(n=42)和夹闭组(n=40),栓塞组采用血管内栓塞治疗,夹闭组采用显微开颅夹闭术治疗,观察2组疗效。结果治疗后,夹闭组良好率与栓塞组基本一致(P0.05);栓塞组住院时间短于夹闭组(P0.05),同时,栓塞组生活质量评分上均优于对照组(P0.05);随访24个月,栓塞组的mRS评分显著高于夹闭组(P0.05),并发症、ADL评分组间比较无明显差异(P0.05);栓塞组复发率显著高于夹闭组(P0.05)。结论颅内前循环动脉瘤采取开颅夹闭术和血管内栓塞术治疗,二者疗效相当,但后者手术创伤小,出院时短期预后优于前者,而远期随访患者致残率、复发率高于开颅夹闭术。     

不同治疗方法对颅内动脉瘤病人血流动力学和能量代谢影响的对比分析

目的比较夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗对颅内动脉瘤病人血流动力学和能量代谢的影响。方法 2013年8月至2015年8月收治颅内动脉瘤134例,根据治疗方法分为夹闭组(65例)和栓塞组(69例)。夹闭组采用夹闭术治疗,栓塞组采用血管内栓塞治疗。术后3个月采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分和GOS评分评估疗效。进入手术室时(T1)、全身麻醉后(T2)、手术开始时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)记录血流动力学和能量代谢指标。结果两组术后3个月GOS、mRS评分无明显差别(P0.05)。栓塞组动脉瘤破裂发生率明显高于夹闭组(P0.05)。夹闭组T4时刻平均动脉压较栓塞组低(P0.05),葡萄糖摄取率较栓塞组高(P0.05);两组心率、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、二氧化碳分压、颅内压、脑血流量、葡萄糖浓度、丙酮酸、脑动-静脉血氧含量差及脑颈静脉球-动脉乳酸差值等指标均无明显差别(P0.05)。结论夹闭术和血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效相当;夹闭术治疗颅内动脉瘤并发症发生率低于血管内栓塞,但血管内栓塞比夹闭术更能维持血流动力学相对稳定。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂显微手术夹闭与血管内栓塞治疗的对比研究

目的 分析显微手术夹闭与血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的预后及并发症发生情况,比较两种治疗方法的效果和安全性.方法 对242例颅内动脉瘤破裂患者进行回顾性分析,分为手术组和栓塞组,对2组患者住院时间、住院费用、出院时短期预后、术后并发症、术后瘤颈残留及术后6~18个月随访结果等进行比较.结果 (1)手术组出院时GOS评分预后良好率62.60%与栓塞组预后良好率66.39%比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.498,P=0.157);(2)手术组患者的住院时间明显高于栓塞组(t=16.78,P<0.01),但栓塞组的治疗费用要明显高于手术组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-13.08,P<0.01);(3)2组间瘤颈残留率、复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)手术组术中破裂、颅内感染的发生率高于栓塞组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);栓塞组术后再出血及脑梗死的发生率高于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组间脑积水及脑血管痉挛发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 显微手术夹闭组住院时间较短,血管内栓塞组住院费用较高,而两种治疗方法的疗效、瘤颈残余、复发并无差异,两种治疗方法均有其不同并发症,注意预防.     

不同治疗方案对前循环颅内动脉瘤患者 临床预后及安全性的影响

目的 探讨血管内栓塞术和显微外科夹闭术对前循环颅内动脉瘤患者临床预后及安全性的影响。方法 研究对象选取本院2015年4月-2017年10月收治前循环颅内动脉瘤患者共104例,以随机数字表法分为夹闭组(52例)和栓塞组(52例),分别采用显微外科夹闭术和腔内介入栓塞术治疗,比较2组手术相关临床指标水平、术后GOS分级、mRS评分、生活质量、手术前后炎症相关指标水平及术后并发症发生率。结果 栓塞组术后总住院时间显著短于夹闭组(P<0.05); 栓塞组住院总费用显著多于夹闭组(P<0.05); 栓塞组术后6个月GOS分级、术后6个月mRS评分、出院时SF-36评分及术后6个月BI评分显著优于夹闭组(P<0.05); 栓塞组术后7 d炎症相关指标水平均显著低于对照组、术前(P<0.05); 同时2组瘤体破裂和缺血性脑卒中发生率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05); 夹闭组血管痉挛发生率显著低于栓塞组(P<0.05); 栓塞组颅内感染发生率显著低于夹闭组(P<0.05)。结论 腔内介入栓塞术治疗前循环颅内动脉瘤可显著加快术后康复进程,减轻病变严重程度,提高生存质量,降低炎症反应水平,并有助于避免颅内感染出现,而显微外科夹闭术应用则能够减少医疗费用,预防血管痉挛发生。     

血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的：通过与显微手术夹闭方案对比,明确血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床疗效与适应性.方法对2013年1月~2016年1月我院收治的102例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者进行回顾性分析及持续随访.将接受显微手术夹闭的61例患者纳为对照组;将接受血管内介入治疗的41例患者纳为观察组.对比两组患者的平均住院时间、动脉瘤完全闭塞率、术中及术后并发症、出院时及出院6个月时 GOS 评分、复发率、死亡率.结果观察组住院时间(13．5±2．8)d,明显短于对照组(23．7±3．8)d;观察组术后即刻复查,动脉瘤完全闭塞率90．0％,明显低于对照组100．0％;观察组复发率19．5％,明显高于对照组1．6％,上述差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0．05).两组患者出院时及出院6个月时 GOS 评分、死亡率、术中及术后并发症发生情况的差异均无统计学意义(P ＞0．05).结论血管内介入治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤能够获得与显微手术夹闭方案相近的近期临床疗效,且患者术后恢复较快、安全性高,对显微手术难以夹闭的区域也有一定适应性,但可能增加患者复发率.     

显微夹闭术与介入栓塞术对颅内动脉瘤患者术中脑氧代谢及预后的影响

目的 对比研究颅内动脉瘤显微夹闭术与介入栓塞术对颅内动脉瘤患者围术期脑氧代谢的影响以及对患者短期预后的影响。方法 择期手术颅内动脉瘤患者36例,根据不同手术方式分为动脉瘤显微夹闭组（A组）与介入动脉瘤栓塞组（B组）,各18例。经颈内静脉逆行置管后,分别于麻醉置管后即刻（T1）、动脉瘤处理前（T2）、动脉瘤处理后即刻（T3）及术毕（T4）4个时间点采取外周动脉血和横窦静脉血做血气分析,监测并比较两组脑氧代谢结果,比较两组患者预后情况。结果 B组内与T1比较,T4的横窦静脉血氧饱和度（SsvO2）明显下降,动脉血乳酸浓度（aLAC）明显升高,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。与A组比较,B组T2所对应的动静脉氧含量差（Da-svO2)、脑氧摄取率（CERO2）增加,术后是否入重症监护室（ICU)、术后住院时间以及相关有创操作明显减少,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05)。两组出院6个月内的改良RANKIN量表（mRS评分）比较,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05),B组明显优于A组。结论 与显微夹闭术治疗颅内动脉瘤比较,介入栓塞术中对脑氧供需平衡影响较大,但患者短期预...     

颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤早期治疗策略

目的 探讨颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤早期治疗策略.方法 34例颅内前循环破裂动脉瘤患者,根据动脉瘤不同特点和患者情况,急诊或早期选择开颅显微手术夹闭动脉瘤或血管内介入弹簧圈栓塞术进行个性化治疗.结果 开颅显微手术夹闭动脉瘤12例,预后良好8例,预后良好率为66.7%,轻残2例,重残1例,植物状态1例,无死亡病例;血管内介入栓塞治疗22例,预后良好16例,预后良好率为72.7%,轻残3例,重残1例,植物状态1例,死亡1例,2组预后情况经统计学处理,P＞0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论 前循环破裂脑动脉瘤,根据不同情况个性化选择治疗方案,采取急诊或早期开颅显微夹闭术或血管内栓塞治疗,是提高良好预后率,降低病死率和致残率的重要措施.     

显微手术夹闭与血管栓塞术治疗脑动脉瘤的疗效

目的：探讨脑动脉瘤患者采取血管栓塞术及显微手术夹闭所达到的不同临床效果。方法60例脑动脉瘤患者按照数字法随机分为2组即治疗组与对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用血管栓塞术,观察组采取显微手术夹闭,对比2组患者的总有效率、手术时间、术后恢复时间、术中出血量、不良反应发生率及复发率。结果观察组总有效率明显优于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）;2组手术时间、术后的恢复时间、术中的出血量、不良反应发生率、复发率方面比较,观察组均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论显微手术夹闭运用于脑动脉瘤患者,具有良好效果,值得临床推广使用。     

颅内微小动脉瘤血管内栓塞与开颅夹闭疗效对比

目的探讨与对比血管内栓塞与开颅动脉瘤夹闭两种手术方式治疗颅内微小动脉瘤疗效。方法回顾性分析23例共26个颅内微小动脉瘤患者的临床资料,分为颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞13例(15个动脉瘤)和开颅动脉瘤夹闭10例(11个动脉瘤)两组,对两组术中动脉瘤破裂风险、术后动脉瘤闭塞程度及格拉斯哥预后(GOS)评分进行比较。结果两组术中动脉瘤均出现1例破裂,术后动脉瘤闭塞程度及GOS评分均尚可,随访期间均无复发。结论对于颅内破裂微小动脉瘤,血管内介入栓塞术与动脉瘤夹闭术均可取得良好效果,对于未破裂微小动脉瘤,应加强随访观察,必要时行手术治疗。     

沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用

本文目的是对沙盘游戏疗法在地中海贫血患儿心理干预中的应用进行综述,以期为地中海贫血患儿的心理康复提供参考。地中海贫血是以珠蛋白生成障碍为主要特征的遗传性疾病,由于长期输血治疗,患儿存在较多的心理和行为问题。沙盘游戏疗法作为一种有效、实用的儿童心理治疗方法,对提高地中海贫血患儿的康复效果、改善生存质量有重要的临床意义。     

癫痫共病抑郁的机制及临床诊疗

本文目的是探讨癫痫共病抑郁的可能机制及临床诊疗。癫痫是一种常见的、慢性的、致残性的神经疾病,癫痫患者生活质量下降,存在明显的负性情绪,常伴发各种精神疾病。癫痫与抑郁具有共同的神经生物学基础,可能存在共同的发病机制。本文从癫痫共病抑郁的发病机制、临床诊断及治疗方面予以总结归纳。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Cultural Identity and Experiences of Prejudice and Discrimination of Afghan and Iranian Immigrant Youth

In culturally diverse and immigrant receiving societies, immigrant youth can be subject to prejudice and discrimination. Such experiences can impact on immigrant youth’s cultural identity and influence their psychosocial outcomes. This paper presents findings of a study that examined cultural identity and experiences of prejudice and discrimination among Afghan (N = 9) and Iranian (N = 17) immigrant youth in Canada. The study had a prospective, comparative, longitudinal qualitative design. Data was gathered through focus groups, interviews, journals and field logs. Four main themes emerged on participants’ experiences of prejudice and discrimination: (a) societal factors influencing prejudice; (b) personal experiences of discrimination; (c) fear of disclosure and silenced cultural identity; and (d) resiliency and strength of cultural identity. Drawing from Rosenberg’s (Conceiving the self, Basic Books, New York, 1979) self-concept framework and Romero and Roberts (J. Adolesc., 21:641–656, 1998) distinction between prejudice and discrimination, results indicated that youth’s extant and presenting cultural identity were affected. Inclusive policies and practices are needed to promote youth integration in multicultural and immigrant receiving settings.

发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊治

本文目的是探讨发作性睡病与异态睡眠的诊断与治疗.发作性睡病被漏诊和误诊的几率较高,危害较大,共患异态睡眠比例高.文章从发作性睡病临床特征、REM睡眠的作用、发作性睡病与异态睡眠(睡眠瘫痪、睡眠幻觉、快眼动睡眠期行为障碍)共病特征及治疗这四个方面进行了讨论.     

Effects of Agonists and Antagonists of Cholecystokinin on Contractile and Myoelectric Activity of Isolated Muscle of Colon and Ileum in the Dog and Guinea Pig

This study evaluates the effects of agonists and antagonists of cholecystokinin (CCK) on contractile and myoelectrical activity in isolated longitudinal muscle strips from colon or ileum of guinea pigs or beagle dogs. Caerulein and CCK-8 caused a dose-dependent increase of contractile and myoelectrical spike activity in both species with maximal effects seen between 10⁻⁸ and 3 × 10⁻⁸ M. The dose responses were identical for both CCK agonists and species. The dose-related effects of CCK compounds on colonic muscle were slightly shifted to the right when compared to ileum in both species. All antagonists, the proglumide-derivatives CR1409, CR1392, and CR1505, as well as the nonpeptide substances asperlicin and L-364,718, caused a parallel rightward shift of CCK's dose-dependent motor activity response, indicating the competitive nature of inhibition. The antagonists displayed a rank order of potency in antagonizing CCK's action on intestinal motility similar to their ability to antagonize CCK's action on pancreas and gallbladder. L-364,718 was the most potent antagonist, followed by CR1409, CR1505, CR1392, asperlicin, and proglumide. The antagonists did not affect contractile or myoelectrical responses to acetylcholine, histamine, motilin, or substance P. Thus compounds that have been described as CCK antagonists for pancreas and gallbladder also act as specific and competitive antagonists of CCK's action on contractile and myoelectrical activity of Heal and colonie muscle.     

小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞前体的培养和鉴定

目的 探讨新生大鼠脑组织小胶质细胞(MG)和少突胶质细胞(OL)前体的分离和体外培养方法 . 方法 取新生2 d SD大鼠脑组织,体外原代培养混合胶质细胞7 d后,分别采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法和"营养缺失伴振荡"法纯化培养MG和OL前体,并分别应用免疫荧光染色异凝集素-B4(IB4)和OL前体标记物(O4)进行鉴定.结果 混合胶质细胞培养7 d后呈明显三层增长,其中MG位于上层,星型胶质细胞位于底层,两者之间为2型少突星型(O2A)祖细胞.纯化培养后OL前体胞体呈小圆形,有双极或三极突起,MG则以阿米巴形、圆形居多,或边缘呈毛刺状.免疫荧光染色IB4显示绿色荧光,MG纯度达到90%以上.免疫荧光染色O4显示棕黄色荧光,OL前体纯度达到95%以上. 结论 采用"改良振荡伴差速贴壁"法以及"营养缺失伴振荡"法分别成功获取大量纯度高、活力好的MG和OL前体.     

The neuroendocrinology of stress and the pathophysiology and therapy of depression and anxiety

Clinical and preclinical studies have gathered substantial evidence that stress response alterations play a major role in the development of major depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The stress response, the hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) system and its modulation by corticotropin-releasing hormones (CRH),corticosteroids,and their receptors, and the roles of natriuretic peptides and neuroactive steroids are described. We review the role of the HPA system in major depression, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder and its possible relevance for treatment. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor function in major depression is associated with an excessive release of neurohormones such as CRH, to which a number of signs and symptoms characteristic of depression can be ascribed. In panic disorder, a role of central CRH in panic attacks has been suggested. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is causally involved in sodium lactate-induced panic attacks. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical data on its anxiolytic activity suggest that nonpeptidergic ANP receptor ligands may be potentially useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by a peripheral hyporesponsive HPA system and elevated CRH concentrations in the CSF. This dissociation is probably related to an increased risk of this disorder. We further review recent data that describe an important role of GABA(A)-receptor modulatory,3 alpha-reduced neuroactive steroids in major depression, anxiety, and its treatment. Antidepressants are effective in both depression and anxiety disorders and have major effects on the HPA system,especially on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Normalization of HPA system abnormalities is a strong predictor of the clinical course, at least in major depression and panic disorder. Currently,CRH-R1 or glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and ANP receptor agonists are being studied and may provide future treatment options more closely related to the pathophysiology of these disorders.     

Review and meta-analysis of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of mania in children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: Using predetermined criteria for study quality and methods, a literature review and meta-analysis of seven reports about pediatric bipolar disorder (BPD) was conducted to determine if there is a consistent picture of the phenomenology and clinical characteristics of BPD in children and adolescents. METHODS: Searches were conducted in MedLine and PsycINFO using the terms mania, BPD, children and adolescents, and was limited to published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Seven reports were selected that met the following criteria: a systematic method for the elicitation and reporting of symptoms and clinical characteristics of subjects; subjects were interviewed by a trained researcher or clinician; ages 5-18 years; use of a diagnostic system, either DSM or RDC for categorization; a consensus method for the establishment of the diagnosis of BPD. RESULTS: Most DSM-IV symptoms of mania were common in the children and adolescents with BPD with the most common symptoms being increased energy, distractibility, and pressured speech. On average, four of five bipolar cases also showed threshold levels of irritable mood and grandiosity, and more than 70% of all cases showed elated/euphoric mood, decreased need for sleep, or racing thoughts. Roughly 69% of cases also showed poor judgment, whereas only half of bipolar cases demonstrated flight of ideas, and slightly more than one-third showed hypersexuality or psychotic features. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical picture that emerges is that of children or adolescents with periods of increased energy (mania or hypomania), accompanied by distractibility, pressured speech, irritability, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep and euphoria/elation.