前循环动脉瘤伴颅内大血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的：探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成大面积颅内血肿的急诊手术疗效。方法对2008‐07—2013‐07大连市第三人民医院收治的15例前循环动脉瘤破裂出血形成颅内大血肿患者进行急诊手术治疗回顾性分析。结果本组未发生脑疝5例,脑疝10例,术中均证实为动脉瘤破裂出血,其中大脑中动脉瘤4例,前交通动脉瘤3例,后交通动脉瘤3例,其中多发动脉瘤1例。术后GOS分级,Ⅴ、Ⅳ级6例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级3例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内大血肿,采取早期手术清除血肿、夹闭动脉瘤治疗效果满意。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝形成的急诊手术探查

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝患者急诊手术的可行性。方法 5例颅内动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝形成患者入院经CT检查后直接急诊开颅探查,术中先清除部分颅内血肿,降低颅内压,后行动脉瘤探查并夹闭;对探查过程中再次破裂出血者及时控制出血并夹闭动脉瘤。术后3月按GOS分级标准对患者的预后进行评价。结果术中发现前交通动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤1例。按GOS评价预后,恢复良好2例,中残1例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论动脉瘤破裂出血并脑疝者病情危重,需要急诊手术;只要术前准备充分,即使在探查中动脉瘤再次出血,也能很好地控制出血并夹闭动脉瘤。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的复合手术治疗

目的 探讨复合手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的疗效。方法 回顾性分析簧圈栓塞术后行颅骨钻孔血肿腔引流术治疗的5例颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的临床资料。结果 5例头颅CT均表现为典型蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）合并脑内血肿;DSA发现动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A2段分叉部1例、大脑前动脉A2段1例、前交通动脉1例、颈内动脉后交通动脉1例、大脑中动脉分叉部1例;术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。引流术后3~4 d血肿大部分引流干净,无再出血、感染及脑梗死。术后6个月GOS评分3分1例,4分1例,5分3例。结论 对合并脑内血肿的自发性SAH,首先应考虑动脉瘤破裂出血可能,需尽早行DSA检查明确诊断;复合手术对于部分未发生脑疝又合并脑内血肿的破裂动脉瘤是可行的,能取得良好的疗效。     

前循环破裂动脉瘤伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗(附21例分析)

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断方法和显微手术治疗要点。方法回顾性分析21例前循环动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的临床资料,其中前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤10例。均经3D-CTA检查确诊并急诊行显微外科手术治疗。结果夹闭术后随访3～18个月,死亡1例,重残1例,中残2例,其余17例病人恢复良好。结论对前循环破裂动脉瘤并颅内血肿病人应及早确诊并积极采取显微手术治疗。     

前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的显微手术治疗

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴脑内血肿手术方法及疗效。方法前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者29例行显微手术治疗,总结其临床特点:动脉瘤部位、大小、形态、合并脑内血肿大小、形态,术前Hunt-Hess分级、手术方式及三个月随访的格拉斯预后评分。结果 Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级10例、Ⅳ级17例、Ⅴ级2例。17例患者术前经常规血管造影,12例行三维CT血管造影(3D-CTA)检查证实。29例术中诊断与术前诊断一致,前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤7例,大脑中动脉瘤16例,29例患者共31枚动脉瘤均成功夹闭,3个月后随访时GOS评分Ⅴ级14例,Ⅳ级7例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级2例,Ⅰ级2例。结论颅内前循环动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿患者病情危重,早期夹闭动脉瘤,清除血肿,效果良好。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血合并脑疝的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血合并脑疝的显微手术方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年3月显微手术治疗的16例大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血伴脑疝的临床资料。结果 16例中,血肿位于侧裂6例、颞叶5例、额叶2例、额颞叶3例;伴蛛网膜下腔出血15例;9例术前头部CTA检查发现动脉瘤8例。术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级9例,Ⅳ级3例,Ⅴ级4例。16例均行血肿清除术,术中探查明确为大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血;共夹闭动脉瘤18个,位于M1段2个、M1分叉14个、M2段2个;术中发现并夹闭后交通动脉动脉瘤2个。术后随访6~12个月,按GOS评分,恢复良好7例,中残4例,重残3例,死亡2例(术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅴ级)。结论大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂出血合并脑疝急诊显微手术治疗,能够清除颅内血肿,夹闭动脉瘤,疗效良好,即使Ⅳ~Ⅴ级动脉瘤,积极治疗可获得较高的存活率。     

伴有颅内血肿的前循环破裂出血动脉瘤超早期显微手术治疗

目的 探讨伴有颅内血肿的前循环破裂出血动脉瘤超早期显微手术治疗.方法 27例前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿形成患者24 h内行显微手术治疗,探讨其影像学特点、手术方法.结果 27例术中诊断与术前一致,责任动脉瘤为前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤8例,大脑中动脉瘤13例.多发动脉瘤3例,2例位于同侧前循环,1次手术夹闭,1例另1枚动脉瘤位于对侧大脑中动脉分叉处,择期手术处理.出血动脉瘤均为中小型动脉瘤.术后GOS分级Ⅴ级14例,Ⅳ级9例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅰ级2例.结论 前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿形成超早期显微手术清除血肿,夹闭动脉瘤,效果满意.

Abstract：

Objective To explore ultra - early microsurgical management in patients with ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma. Method The imaging characteristics and operation methods of 27 cases of ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma underwent surgery within 24 hours were collected. Results The surgical outcomes indicated that the intraoperative diagnoses were consistent with preoperative diagnoses in all cases. The rupture aneurysms include 6 cases of anterior communicating artery aneurysms,8 posterior communicating artery aneurysms,and 13 middle cerebral artery aneurysms. There were 3 patients harbored two aneurysms,2 in homolateral anterior circulation clipped at the same time, 1 in contralateral middle artery clipped in another operation. The aneurysms were all middle or small size. The postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scales (GOS) were grade Ⅴ in 14 patients,grade Ⅳ in 9, grade Ⅲ in 2, grade Ⅰ in 2. Conclusions For patients with ruptured aneurysms of anterior circlulation combined with intracerebral hematoma, favorable outcome chould be achieved through ultra - early microsurgical management     

颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿的诊断和显微手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析13例颅内动脉瘤破裂伴发颅内血肿患者的临床资料。术前5例患者进行了DSA检查,3例患者进行了CT血管造影检查,5例进行了头部CT检查（4例经术中证实为动脉瘤,1例术后经DSA证实为动脉瘤）。其中大脑中动脉动脉瘤5例,前交通动脉动脉瘤4例,后交通动脉动脉瘤3例,骈周动脉动脉瘤1例。结果 13例患者中有12例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术;1例仅行血肿清除术,术后行血管内栓塞治疗。所有患者术后随访3个月,根据GOS分级,Ⅰ级3例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿需尽早行DSA或CT血管造影检查明确诊断;治疗方式应首选开颅动脉瘤夹闭＋血肿清除术。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的手术治疗时机和方法,以提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年4月至2006年10月在我科行急诊手术治疗的32例破裂颅内动脉瘤并脑内血肿患者的临床资料。32例颅内动脉瘤中,大脑中动脉瘤13例,前交通动脉瘤8例,后交通动脉瘤6例,大脑前动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉瘤2例。所有患者术前均行CT检查,28例术前行DSA检查。均在24h内行急诊手术,直视下夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿。结果按GOS评分,术后恢复良好19例,轻度残废6例,重度残废5例,死亡2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术效果明显,可有效降低病死率,提高恢复等级。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断与治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断和治疗原则。方法本组男15例，女12例，年龄18～67岁，平均51岁。27例脑内血肿均经脑血管造影（DSA）或CT脑血管造影（CTA）检查确诊，其中前交通动脉瘤7例，后交通动脉瘤10例，大脑中动脉瘤9例，后交通动脉瘤合并大脑中动脉瘤1例。本研究对其临床表现、影像学特点及处理原则分别进行了分析。结果27例患者中有24例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术，2例行股动脉穿刺血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗，1例行DSA检查确诊动脉瘤后术前准备时再出血，抢救无效死亡。根据GOS分级，本组Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级1例，Ⅲ级3例，Ⅳ级7例，Ⅴ级13例。结论某些特殊部位的白发性脑内血肿，有可能是颅内动脉瘤破裂出血所致，需尽早行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断，治疗以手术为首选，术中夹闭动脉瘤并将血肿清除。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS. METHODS: Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed. RESULTS: Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use. CONCLUSIONS: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.     

血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的预后分析

目的分析血管内栓塞治疗未破裂脑动静脉畸形(CAVM)并发癫痫患者的预后情况。方法选择2013年3月至2017年6月收治的符合诊断标准的CAVM并发癫痫发作患者49例为研究对象,分析血管内栓塞治疗后患者的临床症状、生活质量(QOLIE-31)改善情况。结果患者经血管内栓塞治疗后,QOLIE-31各项指标(除了药物影响)评分均明显提高,高于治疗前(P0.05);Spetzler-Martin分级与Engel分级的I~II级例数多于治疗前(P0.05),同时Spetzler-Martin分级I~II级生活质量评分(76.04±18.33)分明显高于III~V级的(65.65±16.76)分(P0.05);Engel分级I~II级的生活质量评分(75.25±17.78)分明显高于III~V级的(66.23±13.22)分(P0.05);血管内栓塞比例80%的生活质量总评分(78.37±18.87)分明显高于栓塞比例80%的(64.16±16.92)分(P0.05);术后患者的头疼症状中重度例数明显低于治疗前(P0.01);患者的NIHSS评分和MRS评分均明显低于治疗前,头疼症状的生活质量评分高于治疗前(均P0.05)。结论血管内栓塞能明显改善未破裂脑动静脉畸形并发癫痫患者的头疼症状、癫痫发作情况、神经功能缺损,提高血管内栓塞比例能够提高患者生活质量。