NBCA胶栓塞治疗小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤2例

目的探讨NBCA胶栓塞小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤的可行性.方法用介入法将漂浮导管置入载瘤动脉近端,注入高浓度NBCA胶将动脉瘤及载瘤动脉闭塞,对病人进行临床随访.结果 2例PICA远端动脉瘤病例经治疗后恢复良好,随访至今无再出血发生.结论高浓度NBCA胶栓塞治疗小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤是可行的.     

小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤血管内治疗

目的探讨小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤的介入治疗效果。方法回顾性分析4例小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤病人的临床资料,其中3例应用微弹簧圈栓塞治疗,1例应用Onyx液态胶栓塞治疗。结果 4例病人手术效果满意,随访1年,3例行造影复查动脉瘤均无复发,2例恢复良好,1例遗留共济失调症状。余1例持续植物生存状态。结论应用微弹簧栓塞载瘤动脉的方法治疗小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤是可行的,Onyx液态胶栓塞载瘤动脉可引起继发小脑梗死。     

小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤破裂的血管内治疗

目的总结小脑后下动脉(posterior inferior cerebellar artery,PICA)远端动脉瘤破裂的临床特征及血管内治疗方法。方法回顾性分析11例破裂PICA远端动脉瘤病人的临床资料。术前Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级1例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级1例。全部以单纯弹簧圈行血管内治疗。结果单纯闭塞动脉瘤7例,同时闭塞动脉瘤及载瘤动脉4例。所有病人随访1~4年,术后2年复发1例,再次行血管内治疗;术后1年载瘤动脉再通1例,但仍未见动脉瘤复发;余9例动脉瘤均栓塞完全。术后1年改良rankin评分(modified rankin scale,MRS):0分2例,1分8例,2分1例。结论对于PICA远端动脉瘤,以单纯弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤或者同时闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉均可行、且安全,能有效预防短、中期再出血,但需定期DSA随访以防复发。     

血管内治疗小脑后下动脉远端动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内治疗小脑后下动脉（PICA）远端动脉瘤的安全性和疗效。 方法回顾性纳入四川大学华西医院神经外科2008年1月至2015年6月收治的PICA远端动脉瘤患者,共42例,其中38例为破裂动脉瘤患者,入院时Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级;窄颈囊状动脉瘤28例,宽颈囊状动脉瘤6例,梭形动脉瘤8例。37例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤,5例采用Onyx胶闭塞载瘤动脉。 结果42例患者均成功治疗。37例单纯弹簧圈栓塞的患者中,31例（83.8%）为致密栓塞,6例（16.2%）为部分栓塞。1例术后2 d再次出血后死亡;3例术后出现吞咽困难,6个月均恢复正常。1例采用Onyx胶闭塞远端主干者出现无症状局部性延髓梗死。28例行影像学随访,随访时间为3～15个月（中位时间8.2个月）,3例（7.1%）患者动脉瘤复发。 结论血管内治疗PICA远端动脉瘤安全、有效。     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂栓塞治疗

目的 探讨脑动静脉畸形相关的供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤的特点与血管内治疗方法.方法 11例以自发性蛛网膜下腔出血发病的患者均接受数字减影血管造影,并被证实出血来源于脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端破裂动脉瘤.根据动脉瘤的形态和供血动脉特点,选择以弹簧圈闭塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,或以高浓度生物胶栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉.结果 11例栓塞后的动脉瘤均消失,未发生再出血,以弹簧圈栓塞的7例术后未发生新的神经系统症状;以生物胶栓塞的4例有2例术后发生栓塞部位的脑梗死.结论 脑动静脉畸形供血动脉远端动脉瘤破裂后血管内栓塞治疗可取得较好的效果,首选以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,也可用高浓度生物胶栓塞,动静脉畸形可择期再处理.     

Fenestration of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Fenestration of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is exceedingly rare. Only one known example – a right PICA fenestration, has been documented in the peer-reviewed literature. A left-sided PICA fenestration is presented in this unique case illustration.     

小脑后下动脉解剖变异致双侧小脑梗死2例报道并文献复习

目的 探讨小脑后下动脉(posterior inferior cerebellar artery, PICA)解剖变异致双侧小脑梗死的临床特征及发病机制。方法 对2例经颅脑MRI确诊的双侧小脑梗死患者采用CT血管造影(CTA)、磁共振血管成像(MRA)或数字减影血管造影(DSA)显示其头颈部血管,从而了解后循环血管的形态特征并复习相关文献。结果 病例1经DSA证实左侧椎动脉较细,远端管腔闭塞,通过右椎动脉代偿供血原左侧PICA供血区但欠充分,双侧PICA共同起源于右侧椎动脉。病例2经CTA证实右侧椎动脉较左侧明显细且远端显示欠清,MRA示双侧PICA共同起源于左侧椎动脉。结论 2例双侧小脑梗死患者均存在一侧椎动脉优势供血,且双侧PICA共同起源于该侧椎动脉。在该解剖变异基础上一侧椎动脉发生病变时可出现双侧小脑梗死。因此,在临床中出现双侧小脑梗死时临床医师不能忽略这一解剖变异基础。     

In Situ Intersegmental Anastomosis within a Single Artery for Treatment of an Aneurysm at the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery: Closing Omega Bypass

A 74-year-old patient was diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage suspected from a dissecting aneurysm located at the lateral medullary segment of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Because perforators to the medulla arose both proximal and distal to the dissecting segment, revascularization for distal flow was essential. However, several previously reported methods for anastomosis, such as an occipital artery-PICA bypass or resection with PICA end-to-end anastomosis could not be used. Ultimately, we performed an in situ side-to-side anastomosis of the proximal loop of the PICA with distal caudal loops within a single artery, as a "closing omega," followed by trapping of the dissected segment. The aneurysm was obliterated successfully, with intact patency of the revascularized PICA.     

Anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction with sudden deafness and vertigo

We report a patient with anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction, which manifested as profound deafness, transient vertigo, and minimal cerebellar signs. We suspect that ischaemia of the left internal auditory artery, which originates from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, caused the deafness and transient vertigo. A small lesion in the middle cerebellar peduncle in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery territory and no lesion in the dentate nucleus in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory are thought to explain the minimal cerebellar signs despite the relatively large size of the infarction. Thus a relatively large infarction of the vertebral-basilar territory can manifest as sudden deafness with vertigo. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, is strongly recommended for patients with sudden deafness and vertigo to exclude infarction of the vertebral-basilar artery territory.     

Detachable Coil Embolization for Saccular Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms

Objective

Surgical treatment of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms is challenging due to limited surgical accessibility. Endovascular approach has a benefit of avoiding direct injury to the brainstem or lower cranial nerves. Therefore, it has recently been considered an alternative or primary modality for PICA aneurysms. We retrospectively assessed outcomes following detachable coil embolization of saccular PICA aneurysms.

Methods

From February 1997 to December 2007, we performed endovascular procedures to treat 15 patients with 15 PICA aneurysms. Fourteen patients with 14 PICA aneurysms morphology of which was saccular were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve patients had ruptured aneurysms. The aneurysms arose from the PICA origin site (n = 12), the PICA lateral medullary segment (n = 1), or the PICA tonsilomedullary segment (n = 1).

Results

Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 10 patients, residual neck in 3, and residual sac in one. Radiological follow-up was performed in 7 patients with mean duration of 34.7 months (range, 1-97 months) and showed stable or complete occlusion in 6 patients. There were no rebleeding or retreatment after endovascular treatment. Thromboembolism was the only procedure-related complication (n = 4 ; 28.6%). Asymptomatic PICA infarction occurred in two patients and symptomatic PICA infarction in two elderly patients with poor clinical grade. Of these procedural PICA infarction cases, 1 symptomatic PICA infarction patient developed ventriculitis and septic shock leading to death. The clinical outcome was good in 10 patients (71.4%).

Conclusions

In the present study, detachable coil embolization has shown as an efficient modality for PICA saccular aneurysms challenging indications of microsurgery. However, thromboembolic complications should be considered, especially in poor clinical elderly patients with ruptured aneurysms.     

载瘤动脉闭塞治疗小脑后下动脉以远椎动脉瘤二例报告并文献复习

目的探讨载瘤动脉闭塞治疗小脑后下动脉(PICA)以远椎动脉瘤的方法和效果。方法中山大学附属佛山第一人民医院神经外科自2006年1月至2007年1月对2例PICA以远椎动脉瘤破裂患者行介入载瘤动脉电解可脱弹簧圈(GDC)闭塞治疗,分析患者的临床特征、影像学特点和栓塞疗效。 结果2例患者术后PICA以远载瘤动脉合并动脉瘤均成功获得完全闭塞,无术后并发症发生。术后3个月造影复查证实动脉瘤体无充盈,同时PICA通畅,4年内无再出血发生。 结论对于开颅手术夹必困难的PICA以远椎动脉瘤,在PICA远端处闭塞一侧载瘤椎动脉是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

球囊闭塞试验联合血管内栓塞治疗小脑后下动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨球囊闭塞试验联合血管内栓塞治疗小脑后下动脉(PICA)夹层动脉瘤的效果。方法 2013年12月-2018年12月共收治10例单纯PICA夹层动脉瘤,均行球囊闭塞试验联合血管内栓塞治疗。结果 10例患者手术效果均较满意,均随访1年,复查造影夹层动脉瘤均无复发,8例恢复良好,1例遗留头晕,1例遗留右侧肢体共济失调。结论 球囊闭塞试验联合血管内栓塞治疗PICA夹层动脉瘤的效果及预后良好,但需根据PICA夹层动脉瘤的具体情况,选择不同的血管内治疗方法。     

小脑后下动脉动脉瘤急诊血管内治疗分析

目的探讨小脑后下动脉（PICA）动脉瘤急诊血管内治疗的效果。方法2011年6月至2013年5月共收治8例PICA动脉瘤,均在入院48h内行血管内治疗,除2例远端PICA动脉瘤因导管超选困难而行载瘤动脉闭塞术外,其余均行血管内动脉瘤栓塞术。术后脑积水严重者行侧脑室置管脑脊液引流术,出血较多者行腰椎穿刺术。结果本组8例PICA动脉瘤患者中,近端动脉瘤5例,远端动脉瘤3例。GOS预后评分：5例为5分,2例为3分,I例死亡（为术后PICA动脉严重痉挛、闭塞）。随访3～12个月,仅复发1例,为瘤颈复发。结论急诊血管内治疗PICA动脉瘤效果及预后良好,但需根据动脉瘤的具体情况,选择不同的血管内治疗策略。