粗糙集在中医类风湿证候诊断中的应用

本文提出把粗糙集应用于中医类风湿证候诊断,并在类风湿病的各证候诊断上临床应用.同时也采用了一般在中医诊断上常用的模糊数学方法进行比较,诊断结果显示应用粗糙集的诊断类风湿准确率大大高于一般的模糊数学方法.粗糙集方法在中医诊断的应用,将有助提高揭示中医诊断的内在知识联系和中医诊断的思维严密性.     

基于模糊覆盖集的糖尿病中医辩证模型研究

目的 针对中医诊断糖尿病中症状描述的模糊性和不完备性,提出了一种基于模糊覆盖集的糖尿病中医分类算法,建立了一种糖尿病中医辩证模型.实验结果表明,使用本法得出的辅助诊断结果能较好的覆盖医生诊断结果,缩小了证候的范围.从而使诊断结果自动化、客观化,减轻中医医师诊断病人的工作量.     

中医诊断的思想模型与数学模型：中医专家系统知识描述初论

本文从中医诊断的思维方式,主要不是推理而是模式识别及中医辨证记忆方式是以“证”(模式)为组块结构的理论观点出发,采用语言变量及模糊逻辑原理,提出中医辨证的多级语言结构,作为人工智能中医专家系统的知识描述系统。文中讨论了根据医理与经验计算非数值基础变量(症状)与语言值(证)隶属度的方法,用之解决由诸特征构成一个模糊模式的问题。方法简捷实用,符合医生诊断时的思维方式。这样,也将多阈元表示法统一于模糊逻辑中了。中医辨证的语言变量系统与模糊逻辑,就是中医诊断思想模型——中医辨证理论的数学模型。提出这样的模型可以以知识的描述与表达为中心,从本质上(专家经验规范形式等)与知识获取统一起来,并由前者统领后者。这样的数学模型,除对中医外,对其它专业,组织管理工作等也有广泛的应用前景。     

蛋白质组学在慢性乙型肝炎常见中医证型中的研究

蛋白质组学逐渐成为系统性认知疾病的一种重要方法,该方法从整体角度分析不同状态下细胞内的动态变化,与中医的整体观一致,在研究中医证候中显示出独特优势,并在认识多种疾病的中医证候上取得进展。目前蛋白质组学在研究慢性乙型肝炎发病机制及预后上取得一定成果,在慢性乙型肝炎常见中医证型差异上也取得进展。本文主要对蛋白质组学在慢性乙型肝炎常见中医证型中的研究做一综述。     

数据挖掘及人工神经网络技术在中医证候研究中的应用概述

本文回顾分析了中医证候诊断研究的方法 学概况,包括各种统计学方法 、症状的计分方法 等,并就数据挖掘技术、人工神经网络技术、模糊神经网络技术在中医证候研究中的应用进行了系统文献整理,对上述技术在中医证候诊断研究中的应用进行分析.     

基于中医舌象特征的痤疮证型分类的初步研究

目的舌诊是中医诊断痤疮的有效途径,目前中医通过观察舌象来确定痤疮患者的证候类型。由于痤疮患者众多,完全基于人工诊断的效率较低。本文提出一种基于图像处理的痤疮证型识别方法来辅助中医诊断。方法首先,分别提取舌象的颜色、纹理和齿痕特征,然后使用贝叶斯网络建模,找出特征与特征,特征与证型之间的关系,其中将齿痕提取算法进行改进,将计算凸包面积改进为找到每个凸包的关键点,最后使用该算法对舌象进行齿痕数量提取,并与中医诊断结果相比较。结果对比医生诊断结果,基于图像处理的痤疮证型自动分类,分3类的正确率达83.87%,并直观地表示出特征与特征,特征与证型之间的关系。结论使用图像处理的方法进行痤疮证型的识别具有可行性,对计算机辅助痤疮诊断的发展有一定帮助。     

神经网络在类风湿性关节炎病情分级中的应用初探

本文构造了一神经网络分级系统，并用于类风湿性关节炎证型之一的寒热错杂证病情分级诊断中，初步探讨了神经网络用于中医诊断中的可行性。     

中医经验的形式化和计算机辨证模型——泮澄濂肝病经验的程序设计

本文讨论了中医经验计算机程序的一般原则和总结经验的具体方法。并建立了泮氏辨证模型,该模型分三型十一证,按隶属度建立辨证矩阵。经和患者症状矢量相乘得出证矢量,按模糊数学方法比较极大值。求出最佳拟合的证。 本程序有汉字病机图显示,用于对病情转归的认识,有利于教学。汉字处方医嘱便于临床应用。     

胃癌中医不同证型的实验室指标分析

目的 探究胃癌相关实验室指标与中医证型之间的关系,为从中医角度分析胃癌提供一些借鉴。方法 选取2020年4月至2020年11月在河北省中医院住院的胃癌患者136例,对这些患者进行中医辨证分型,收集这些患者的血清学指标,如CA72-4、CEA、甲胎蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆红素、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、葡萄糖、前白蛋白、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体等。用SPSS软件进行统计学分析,对正态分布采用方差分析,对非正态分布采用非参数分析,以此来研究胃癌不同中医证型与血清学指标的关联性。结果 患者男女比例为3∶1,41～65岁人群最易患胃癌,性别和年龄与中医证型均无相关性。其中脾胃虚寒证23例,痰湿凝结证36例,气血两亏证39例,肝胃不和证21例,瘀毒内阻证17例。其中CA72-4在痰湿凝结证和瘀毒内阻证之间,P<0.05,D-二聚体在肝胃不和证和瘀毒内阻证之间,P<0.05,具有统计学意义。结论 CA72-4在痰湿凝结证和瘀毒内阻证之间有统计学意义,D-二聚体在肝胃不和证和瘀毒内阻证之间有诊断作用。     

120例腹泻型肠易激综合征中医证候分析

目的：传统辨证和聚类分析角度探讨腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的中医证候分型规律。方法制定IBS-D患者中医证型调查表,根据该型患者西医临床症状及中医腹痛、泄泻相关证候进行参照,总结出包括腹痛、腹胀、大便性状、病程、疼痛及腹泻次数等西医诊断要素又涵盖中医四诊证候在内的42个选项,制成调查表。由经过专门培训的医师对符合纳入标准患者进行调查填表,并进行中医辨证分型。中医证候用绝对数描述,中医证型用绝对数及相对数描述,计数资料用卡方检验(2检验),使用SPSS17.0软件进行聚类分析。结果依据中医诊断标准医生对120例IBS-D患者进行辨证分型其中肝郁脾虚型73例占60.83%,脾胃虚弱型20例占16.67%,寒湿困脾型12例占10%,湿热阻滞型8例占6.67%,脾肾阳虚型7例占5.83%,其中肝郁脾虚型最为常见,其次为脾胃虚弱型和寒湿困脾型,湿热阻滞型及脾肾阳虚型较少见。结论使用SPSS17.0软件对120例患者中医症候进行聚类分析,聚为五类与临床辨证最为相似。     

The diagnostic rules of peripheral lung cancer preliminary study based on data mining technique

Objective: To discuss the clinical and imaging diagnostic rules of peripheral lung cancer by data mining technique, and to explore new ideas in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer, and to obtain early-stage technology and knowledge support of computer-aided detecting (CAD). Methods: 58 cases of peripheral lung cancer confirmed by clinical pathology were collected. The data were imported into the database after the standardization of the clinical and CT findings attributes were identified. The data was studied comparatively based on Association Rules (AR) of the knowledge discovery process and the Rough Set (RS) reduction algorithm and Genetic Algorithm(GA) of the generic data analysis tool (ROSETTA), respectively. Results: The genetic classification algorithm of ROSETTA generates 5 000 or so diagnosis rules. The RS reduction algorithm of Johnson's Algorithm generates 51 diagnosis rules and the AR algorithm generates 123 diagnosis rules. Three data mining methods basically consider gender, age,cough, location, lobulation sign, shape, ground-glass density attributes as the main basis for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. Conclusion: These diagnosis rules for peripheral lung cancer with three data mining technology is same as clinical diagnostic rules, and these rules also can be used to build the knowledge base of expert system. This study demonstrated the potential values of data mining technology in clinical imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis.     

基于分类机制的顾客消费知识表达系统的构建

在当今崇尚个性化的消费时代，企业与顾客间的长期稳定关系越来越难以维持，如何深入理解顾客的购买决策，成为企业营销的重要目标。影响顾客购买决策的因素信息有多种，有的来自商品本身，有的则在于顾客自身。本文参考粗糙集的分类机制，试图找出各影响因素间的联系，以此发现顾客的更多隐私信息，为企业开展关系营销提供更准确的信息。     

细胞化学在类风湿病诊断中的应用

目的：观察类风湿病患者末稍血涂片细胞化学反应。方法：采用2种细胞化学染色方法。结果：类风湿性关节炎，红斑狼疮患者血涂片过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,简称POX），碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline phosphatase,简称ALP）均比正常人酶活性增强，其中20例类风湿患者POX阳性率100%，阳性指数296，ALP阳性率86.2%，阳性指数169.5。15例红斑狼疮患者POX阳性率100%，阳性指数272。ALP阳性率61%，阳性指数70。结论：应用酶细胞化学染色方法观察POX，ALP活性变化。操作简便，可做为类风湿疾病的一项有意义的辅助诊断指标。且POX及ALP酶活性变化对类风湿疾病的诊断及指导治疗有一定的理论及应用价值。     

联合检测HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体在类风湿关节炎诊断中应用价值

目的 探讨联合检测HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体在类风湿关节炎诊断中应用价值.方法 在2014年10月至2017年1月期间,选取我院就诊的109例RA患者作为研究对象,选取同期我院收治的94例非RA患者和90例健康体检者作为对照组.比较三组患者血清HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体的阳性率、三项指标联合检测对RA诊断学指标.结果 RA组患者血清HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体阳性率显著高于非RA组和对照组(P<0.05).在HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体三个指标中,抗CCP抗体的灵敏度和特异性最高(P<0.05).在联合检测中,HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体联合检测的灵敏度和特异性最高(P<0.05).结论 HLA-DR4、抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体联合检测可以提高对类风湿关节炎的诊断准确率,可作为临床辅助诊断手段.     

Autoantibodies to PAD4 and BRAF in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes cartilage and bone destruction. The mechanisms leading to RA are unknown. There is currently no reliable cure for RA. Early treatment can reduce inflammation, joint damage and bone destruction. Thus, early diagnosis of RA is critical. However, definitive diagnosis of RA can be difficult. Immunologic tests that can be performed for the diagnosis of RA include detection of anti citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). However, one third of RA patients have no ACPAs. To identify new autoantibodies in RA, we used the sera of RA patients to screen protein arrays containing 8000 human proteins. We found and validated two major autoantigens: PAD4 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 4) and BRAF (v raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) catalytic domain. We identified peptide targets of anti PAD4 and BRAF autoantibodies. We observed that anti PAD4 are inhibitory whereas anti BRAF stimulate BRAF activity. Anti PAD4 and anti BRAF antibodies may be used to diagnose RA, particularly in the absence of anti citrullinated protein antibodies.     

A basic study of determination matrix metalloproteinase-3 and carbohydrate in rheumatoid factor in serum for diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

The examination of rheumatoid factor (RF), one of the diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), showed negative about 25% of patients with RA. We analyzed a matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and a carbohydrate in rheumatoid factor (CA.RF) for diagnosis of RA: the former is used the kit "Panaclear MMP-3[Plate]" and the latter is used the kit "Picolumi CA.RF". The basic study of these reagents showed satisfactory results. In 73.3% of seronegative RA showed positive on both MMP-3 and CA.RF levels in serum, respectively. We found that these examinations might be useful for diagnosis of RA, especially during seronegative RA.     

Clinical and immunological aspects of anti-peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (anti-PAD4) autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common rheumatic autoimmune disease worldwide, which causes progressive joint damage and can lead to functional disability. Despite prominent advances in RA diagnosis and treatment during the last 20 years, there is still a need for novel biomarkers that aid in diagnosis and prognosis of this heterogeneous disease. Citrullination is a key post-translational modification implicated on anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) production in RA, catalyzed by human peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). Among these enzymes, PAD4 has been recognized as an important player in RA pathogenesis and the enzyme itself is a target of autoantibodies (anti-PAD4) in a subgroup of RA patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-PAD4 autoantibodies may be useful as a severity biomarker in RA and recent studies have also shed light on the functional significance of these autoantibodies. This review summarizes the evidence on anti-PAD4 autoantibodies in RA, and addresses its usefulness for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Novel immunological aspects of anti-PAD4 antibodies and their relevance to RA pathogenesis are also discussed.     

线偏振光在眼科医学中的应用研究

本文提出了一种利用正交线偏振光来进行眼科检查，从而改善诊断结果的简便而有效的方法，文中简述了工作原理，并给出线偏振光在检查角膜内皮，视网膜神经纤维层以及青光眼视野检查三方面应用的结果。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体、葡萄糖6-磷酸异构酶及类风湿因子的检测及对类风湿关节炎的诊断价值

目的为寻找敏感性高、特异性强的诊断类风湿关节炎(RA)的实验指标,选择抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、葡萄糖6-磷酸异构酶(GPI)和类风湿因子(RF)并探讨对RA的诊断价值。方法抗CCP抗体和GPI试验采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法,RF用胶乳凝集法,检测了125例RA患者(RA组)、56例其他风湿性疾病患者(对照组)和36例健康体检者(正常组)血清中上述3者的浓度。结果抗CCP抗体、GPI及RF,在RA组分别是:(83.6±45.9)RU/ml、(2.8±2.3)μg/ml和(320.4±208.6)IU/ml;在对照组分别是:(36.2±15.3)RU/ml、(0.19±0.06)μg/ml和(36.3±12.5)IU/ml;在正常组分别是:(19.2±8.6)RU/ml、(0.16±0.08)μg/ml和(19.2±6.5)IU/ml。在RA组中,3者的敏感度分别是64.8%、73.6%和69.6%,特异性分别是92.0%、72.8%和74.4%。结论 RA患者血清抗CCP抗体、GPI和RF显著高于其他疾病患者(P<0.01)。抗CCP抗体和GPI有可能成为诊断RA的新指标、RA的血清标志物,对提高诊断RA的敏感性和特异性,具有良好的临床研究和推广价值。     

Discovery of serum protein biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis using MALDI-TOF-MS combined with magnetic beads

The aim of this study was to discover potential biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with magnetic beads. Proteomic fingerprint technology combining magnetic beads with MALDI-TOF-MS was used to profile and compare the proteomes in serum samples from 60 patients with RA, 35 patients with osteoarthritis and 36 healthy controls. The proteomic pattern associated with RA was identified by Biomarker Patterns Software. Model of biomarkers was constructed and evaluated through the Biomarker Patterns Software. A total of 33 discriminative peaks were identified to be related with RA, in which the 5 peaks with the mass-charge ratio (m/z) peaks at 15,715.5, 7,771.4, 8,959.4, 8,469.8 and 8,710.8 Da were used to construct a model for the diagnosis of RA by pattern recognition software. The blind testing data indicated a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 90.0% in RA diagnosis. These results demonstrated that potential protein biomarkers for RA could be discovered in serum by MALDI-TOF-MS combined with WCX magnetic beads. The diagnosis mode tree based on the five candidate biomarkers could provide a powerful and reliable diagnostic method for RA with high sensitivity and specificity.