HPLC法测定呋柳散中苯甲酸及水杨酸的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定呋柳散中苯甲酸及水杨酸的含量.方法:色谱柱:依利特Hypersil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-0.1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(52:48);检测波长240 nm;流速为1.0 ml·min-1;柱温:室温.结果:水杨酸、苯甲酸在5.0～25.0 μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),水杨酸平均回收率为99.32%(RSD=0.3%,n=9),苯甲酸平均回收率为99.48%(RSD=0.2%,n=9).结论:该方法专属性好,准确度高,重复性好.     

高效液相色谱法测定联苯苄唑凝胶的含量

目的建立联苯苄唑凝胶质量标准的分析方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定联苯苄唑凝胶中联苯苄唑的含量,色谱柱:Hypersil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水-乙腈(80∶15∶5);流速1 mL.m in-1;柱温:40℃;检测波长:254 nm。结果联苯苄唑在12.56~125.60μg.mL-1的浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9)。联苯苄唑平均回收率(n=3)分别为99.0%(RSD=0.74%),100.5%(RSD=0.96%),98.7%(RSD=0.55%)。结论该方法可以用于测定联苯苄唑凝胶中联苯苄唑的含量。     

HPLC-RID法测定托吡酯含量及主要有关物质

目的:建立托吡酯含量测定及有关物质检查的方法。方法:采用Phenomenex Luna C8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,光学元件温度:35℃;流动相为乙腈-0.01 mol.L-1醋酸铵溶液(用醋酸调节pH为4.2)(1:2),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,示差折光检测器。结果:高效液相色谱法测定的线性范围为:托吡酯5～15 mg.mL-1,相关系数r=0.9999;杂质10～90μg.mL-1,相关系数r=0.9999;日内精密度:托吡酯RSD为0.3%(n=6),杂质RSD为1.0%(n=6);日间精密度:托吡酯RSD为1.0%(n=5),杂质RSD为1.0%(n=5)。结论:方法简单,灵敏度较好,可用于托吡酯的含量检测和主要杂质的研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定妇炎康片中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱的含量

目的:建立妇炎康片的含量测定方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法.色谱柱:Agilent Technologies ZORBAX Extend-C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)(16:16:68),流速:1.0 nd·min-1,检测波长:220nm,柱温:30℃.结果:苦参碱在0.02～0.40 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 5);平均加样回收率为98.3%,RSD=1.7%(n=6);氧化苦参碱在0.01～0.20 mg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7);平均加样回收率为98.3%,RSD=2.6%(n=6).结论:该方法简便易行,结果准确可靠,可适用于妇炎康片的质量控制.     

HPLC法测定小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中四种成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林及水杨酸的含量.方法:采用岛津ODS-VP色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);以甲醇-0.01mol·L-1磷酸溶液(30:70)(用三乙胺调节pH值至3.1)为流动相;检测波长为220nm;流速为1.0 mL·min-1.结果:在建立的色谱条件下,对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林、水杨酸的线性范围分别为12.6～126 nag·L-1(r=0.999 9);3.0～30.0 rag·L-1(r=1.000 0);23.0～230 mg·L-1(r=0.999 8);0.115～6.9 mg·L-1(r=1.000 0).对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林的平均回收率分别为99,1%(RSD=1.32%,n=9);100.0%(RSD=0.57%,m=9);99.0%(RSD=1.09%,n=9).结论:本法简便、快捷,准确度高,专属性强,重现性好,可用于小儿氨酚匹林咖啡因片中对乙酰氨基酚、咖啡因、阿司匹林的含量测定及水杨酸的限度控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定肤霉净中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量

目的:建立肤霉净中两种主要成分苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量测定方法,以控制其质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定。色谱柱为DiscoveryC18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-1%冰醋酸(45∶55),检测波长为230nm,流速为1.0mL/min。结果:苯甲酸的线性范围为0.06704～0.8045μg(r=1.000),水杨酸的线性范围为0.07767～0.9321μg(r=0.9997);平均回收率苯甲酸为98.8%,RSD=1.07%(n=6),水杨酸为99.0%,RSD=1.65%(n=6)。结论:建立了同时对肤霉净中苯甲酸和水杨酸的含量测定方法,该方法快速准确,重现性好。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方联苯双酯颗粒中联苯双酯的含量

目的:探讨复方联苯双酯颗粒中联苯双酯的含量测定方法.方法:应用高效液相色谱法测定,采用C8柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以甲醇-水(60:40)为流动相,检测波长为278 nm.结果:联苯双酯线性范围为3.03～30.30 μg/mL,r=0.999 9(n=6).平均回收率为100.8%,RSD为1.2%(n=9).结论:高效液相色谱法简便、灵敏,结果准确,可用于该产品的含量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定薇依霜中维生素E和羟苯乙酯含量

目的 建立测定薇依霜中维生素E和羟苯乙酯含量的高效液相色谱法.方法 色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),维生素E测定以甲醇为流动相,流速为2.0 mL/min,紫外检测波长为285 nm;羟苯乙酯测定以甲醇:水(45:55)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为258 nm.结果 维生素E质量浓度在0.099 6～0.498 g/L范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 5(n:5).平均回收率为99.25%,RSD为1.21%(n=9);羟苯乙酯质量浓度在2.16～10.80μg/mL进样范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0.999 7[n=5),平均回收率为100.31%,RSD为1.02%(n=9).结论 所建立的方法简便、专属性强,重现性好,可有效控制薇依霜的质量.     

HPLC法检查阿司匹林及阿司匹林片中的游离水杨酸

目的:建立HPLC法检查阿司匹林及阿司匹林片中的游离水杨酸.方法:以十八烷基硅烧键合硅胶为填充剂,甲醇-水-冰醋酸(8:4 : 1)为流动相,检测波长302nm.结果:水杨酸在0.13～5.01μg·ml-1(r=0.99996)的浓度范围内线性关系良好;阿司匹林中水杨酸的方法平均回收率为101.0%,RSD为1.64%(n=6);阿司匹林片中水杨酸的方法平均回收率为99.83%,RSD为1.75%(n=6).结论:本方法快速、准确,可用于检查阿司匹林及阿司匹林片中的游离水杨酸.     

HPLC法测定新星癣特灵中水杨酸和苯甲酸的含量

目的:建立了HPLC法测定新星癣特灵中水杨酸和苯甲酸的含量.方法:采用Hypersil ODS柱(4.6mm×200mm,5μm),0.1mol·L-1磷酸氢二钠溶液-甲醇(60:40,用磷酸调节pH至5.2)为流动相,流速为0.8ml·min-1,检测波长为240nm,进样量20μl.结果:水杨酸与苯甲酸的线性范围均为:18～162μg·ml-1,r=0.9999(n=5).平均回收率分别为:水杨酸100.1%,RSD=0.47%;苯甲酸99.99%,RSD=0.74%.结论:本法分离度好,快速,简便.2种组分同时测定,可作为产品的质量控制方法.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.