Cancer-specific social support received by newly diagnosed cancer patients: validating the new Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSS) measurement tool

GOALS OF WORK: To investigate potentially health-enhancing domains of cancer patients' social relationships we evaluated various dimensions of social support as experienced in early cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In consecutive samples of 72 melanoma and 103 breast cancer patients diagnosed 3-4 months earlier, we evaluated the cancer-specific social network and received social support by the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSS) validated within the study. In addition, social support was measured by the MOS Social Support Survey as perceived support, and by Seeking Social Support items from the Ways of Coping Questionnaire as coping activity. SFSS measures the number of people who have been aware of the patient's cancer and the amount of social support the patients have received from them. MAIN RESULTS: A large number of people from various potential support-providing sources had been aware of the patients' cancer, and the patients had received support through these interactions. A greater number of support providers did not mean an increase in the support received. Social support was distinguished into subgroups according to its source, but the division into functional support types was weak. Support assessed as perceived support or as a coping activity did not cover the received disease-specific support of several sources. CONCLUSIONS: With the SFSS, it was possible to obtain detailed information on the disease-specific social network and social support. It may be beneficial to distinguish support according to the sources and to also measure support beyond the closest relationships. We hope that our measure and the results obtained will assist in identifying the targets for psychosocial interventions.     

The impact of social support on the survival of Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Social support is an independent risk factor for mortality among new hemodialysis patients. We evaluated the effect of social support on the outcome of Chinese peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. METHODS: We studied 167 prevalent PD patients. They completed the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, Chinese Version (MOS-SSS-C) questionnaire. Patients were followed for 1 year. Outcome measures included change in nutritional status, hospitalization, and technique and actuarial patient survival. RESULTS: Actuarial survival was 57.1%, 72.7%, 85.3%, and 88.6% for MOS-SSS-C total score quartiles I, II, III, and IV, respectively (log rank test, p = 0.037). Technique survival was 57.1%, 81.9%, 91.9%, and 91.4% (log rank test, p = 0.0044). By multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard model to adjust for confounders, every 1 point increase in MOS-SSS-C total score was associated with a 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2%-0.9%, p = 0.003] reduction in the risk of death and a 0.5% (95%CI 0.1%-1.0%, p = 0.037) reduction in the risk of technique failure. The MOS-SSS-C score had no significant effect on change in nutritional or dialysis adequacy indices, hospitalization, or number of peritonitis episodes in 1 year. CONCLUSION: The degree of social support is an important predictor of actuarial and technique survival in Chinese PD patients. Measures to enhance social support may represent an easily achievable means of improving the clinical outcome of PD patients.     

自我效能感在住院癌症患者照顾者社会支持与疾病获益感间的中介效应

目的探讨自我效能感在住院癌症患者照顾者社会支持与疾病获益感间的中介效应。方法应用照顾者疾病获益感量表、社会支持量表、一般自我效能感量表对新疆某地区三甲医院住院的286例癌症患者照顾者进行问卷调查。结果住院癌症患者照顾者疾病获益感得分(66.96±10.82)分,社会支持总分为(42.60±6.76)分,自我效能感总分为(26.06±6.41)分。社会支持及主观支持、客观支持维度与自我效能感均呈正相关(r=0.319,r=0.254,r=0.307,P<0.05);社会支持及主观支持、客观支持维度与疾病获益感呈正相关(r=0.211,r=0.187,r=0.182,P<0.05);自我效能感与疾病获益感呈正相关(r=0.278,P<0.05);自我效能在社会支持和疾病获益感间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比例为35.53%。结论住院癌症患者照顾者疾病获益感处于中等水平,自我效能感在社会支持和疾病获益感间起到中介作用,社会支持可以直接影响疾病获益感,也可以通过自我效能感间接影响疾病获益感。医务人员可以采取有效的干预措施来提高照顾者的自我效能感,从而提高其疾病获益感。     

新兵坚韧人格水平现况及影响因素

目的调查我国入伍新兵坚韧人格水平现况,并分析其影响因素。方法 2015年9-10月,便利抽样法选择新兵训练驻地在山东、浙江及上海的入伍新兵690例为研究对象。采用中国成年人坚韧人格量表、军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)、一般自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)、领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale,PSSS)进行问卷调查,并分析其影响因素。结果入伍新兵坚韧人格总均分为(2.82±0.50)分。不同学历、政治面貌的新兵在坚韧人格总分的差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。新兵坚韧人格水平与应激呈负相关(r=-0.398,P0.01),与一般自我效能感及领悟社会支持呈正相关(r=0.539,P0.01;r=0.459,P0.01)。多元回归方程(F=172.989,P=0.001)显示,一般自我效能感、领悟社会支持与应激可影响新兵坚韧人格水平。结论新兵坚韧人格水平与其应激水平、一般自我效能感与领悟社会支持均相关,提示可通过提高新兵一般自我效能感与领悟社会支持、降低其应激水平,从而提高其坚韧人格水平,为制定提升新兵训练效果的措施提供理论依据。     

精神分裂症患者感知病耻感及与社会支持的相关研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的感知病耻感状况, 分析精神分裂症患者感知病耻感与社会支持之间的关系。方法运用Link 贬低-歧视感知量表 (Perceived Devaluation-Discrim-ination)、社会支持评定量表 (Social support Scale)对山东省某精神病院 208 例精神分裂症患者进行调查。结果精神分裂症患者的贬低-歧视感知得分为(2.63 ± 0.31)分,与量表中点 2.50 比较,差异具有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。不同婚姻状况、发病情况、病程、入院次数的患者,其感知病耻感比较,差异具有统计学意义(均 P < 0.01)。感知病耻感与社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度均呈负相关(均 P < 0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者具有较严重的感知病耻感,婚姻状况不良、病情复发、病程长、多次入院者尤为严重;患者感知病耻感程度与社会支持不足有关。应对精神分裂症患者的感知病耻感予以充分重视,消除人们对精神分裂症患者的歧视和偏见; 提高患者社会支持的利用度,促进患者全面康复。     

低视力患者社会支持状况及其影响因素的调查分析

目的调查和分析低视力患者的社会支持状况及其影响因素。方法采用社会支持评定量表以及一般情况调查表对102名低视力患者（低视力组）及98名正常视力者（对照组）进行调查。结果（1）低视力组患者主观支持以及社会支持总分均显著低于对照组；（2）影响低视力患者社会支持的因素主要有文化程度、居住地、是否在婚、家庭关系、家庭月收入以及医疗付费的形式。结论低视力患者获得的社会支持水平较低，影响因素是多方面的，护士要帮助他们提高社会支持水平。     

觉知压力在社区老年人社会支持与心理健康间的中介效应研究

目的 探讨觉知压力在社区老年人社会支持与心理健康间的中介效应,为促进社区老年人心理健康,改善其生活质量提供参考依据.方法 2020年1-9月,采用便利抽样法抽取某市社区老年人806名为研究对象,采用觉知压力量表(Chi-nese perceived stress scale,CPSS)、社会支持评定量表(social ...     

中文版医疗社会支持量表应用于不孕症患者的信效度分析

目的 探讨中文版医疗社会支持量表在不孕症患者应用中的信效度。方法 采用便利抽样法抽取湖北省十堰市某三级甲等医院不孕症患者364例,用一般资料调查表、中文版医疗社会支持量表对其进行调查。采用Cronbach α系数评价量表的信度,用探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、集合效度和区分效度来评价量表的效度。结果 中文版医疗社会支持量表总Cronbach α系数为0.930,各维度Cronbach α系数是0.741~0.831;探索性因子分析中KMO值为0.952,共提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为56.294%;验证性因子分析结果显示卡方与自由度比（χ²/df）为2.445,近似误差均方根为0.063;集合效度为0.637~0.843,区分效度为0.198~0.446。结论 中文版医疗社会支持量表在不孕症患者中应用具有良好的信效度,可以用于不孕症患者医疗社会支持水平的评估。     

社会支持与老年高血压病患者生活质量的研究

目的:探讨社会支持与老年高血压病患者生活质量的相关关系。方法:采用健康状况调查问卷和社会支持评定量表对103例老年高血压病患者及100例健康老年体检者的生活质量及社会支持进行评定,并对两者的相关关系进行统计学分析。结果:老年高血压病患者的生活质量及社会支持评分均低于正常人群(P<0.05,P<0.01),除患者机体功能状态外,社会支持与生活质量各维度之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:社会支持可从心理层面影响老年高血压病患者的生活质量。     

Translation and Adaptation of the Social Support Network Inventory in Brazil

PURPOSE: To describe the translation and adaptation of the Social Support Network Inventory (SSNI) to Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: The SSNI is a widely used, reliable, and valid instrument, designed to measure social support among English-speaking people. The questionnaire was translated and adapted to the Brazilian-Portuguese language by the back-translation method. The translated version was evaluated in a sample of 120 Brazilian women in treatment for breast cancer. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Internal consistency and construct validity were examined, and the psychometric properties of the translated instrument were good. The translated SSNI was easily understood by the respondents and did not present difficulty during the interviews. The Portuguese version of the SSNI is a valid instrument to assess social support among Portuguese-speaking patients.     

自我价值感在本科护生领悟社会支持与生命意义感间的中介效应

目的探讨自我价值感在本科护生领悟社会支持与生命意义感间的中介作用。方法采用便利抽样,2019年5—6月选取安徽省某高校在校全日制本科护生作为研究对象。采用领悟社会支持量表、青少年自我价值感量表、生活目的测验对其进行调查。采用结构方程模型检验领悟社会支持、自我价值感和生命意义感间的中介关系。结果本组本科护生领悟社会支持、自我价值感、生命意义感总分依次为(64.74±10.35)分、(196.40±25.73)分、(89.37±10.26)分。本科护生生命意义感与领悟社会支持、自我价值感总分均呈正相关(r=0.459、0.676,均P<0.01),领悟社会支持与自我价值感总分呈正相关(r=0.597,P<0.01)。路径分析表明,自我价值感在领悟社会支持和生命意义感间起中介作用(β=0.437,P<0.01),中介效应占总效应的79.9%。结论本组本科护生生命意义感、领悟社会支持、自我价值感得分均处于中等偏上水平,自我价值感在本组本科护生领悟社会支持与生命意义感间有部分中介作用。护理本科院校教育者应采取多种措施提高本科护生领悟社会支持水平,增强其自我价值感,以提升其生命意义感。     

艾滋病患者社会支持状况分析与护理对策

目的：了解艾滋病患者的社会支持现状,为寻求提高患者社会支持的护理对策提供依据。方法：采用肖水源设计的《社会支持评定量表》对艾滋病患者目前得到的社会支持状况进行分析。结果：艾滋病患者社会支持总分为（31.38±5.67）分,常模为（34.56±3.73）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,说明艾滋病患者获得较低水平的社会支持。调查还显示,单身、有吸毒和/或性乱史者所获得的社会支持水平更低,家庭和医务人员是艾滋病患者获得社会支持的主要来源。结论：艾滋病患者迫切需要全社会的支持和关怀,消除歧视和排斥,护理人员应树立社会支持理念,正确评估患者社会支持水平,强化和拓宽患者现有的社会支持系统网络,为患者营造一个支持性的社会环境,从而提高其生活质量。     

Factors associated with quality of life in Arab patients with heart failure

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of demographic characteristics, medical variables and perceived social support with quality of life (QOL) in Arab patients with heart failure. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to identify factors associated with QOL in Arab patients with heart failure. Participants with heart failure (N = 99) were enrolled from a nonprofit hospital and an educational hospital. Data were collected on QOL using the Short Form‐36 survey. Perceived social support was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. The majority of the patients reported significant impairment in QOL as evidenced by subscale scored. Left ventricular ejection fraction was the strongest correlate of most QOL domains. Tangible support was significantly associated with most QOL domains. Other social support dimensions were not significantly related to QOL domains. Most patients with heart failure had significant disrupting pain and limitations in performing activities which interfered with their usual role. Due to the importance of understanding QOL and its determinants within the context of culture, the outcomes of this study may provide valuable guidance to healthcare providers in Arabic countries as well as Western society in caring for these patients. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between social support and QOL among patients with heart failure in the Arabic culture.     

肝硬化患者疾病不确定感状况及其影响因素

目的调查分析肝硬化患者的疾病不确定感状况及其影响因素,为提出针对性的干预措施提供依据。方法以一般资料问卷、Mishel疾病不确定感量表（中文版）及社会支持评定量表对105例肝硬化患者进行问卷调查。结果肝硬化患者存在较高水平的疾病不确定感,且文化程度影响其疾病不确定感（P〈0.05）;肝硬化患者社会支持明显低于常模组（P〈0.05）;肝硬化患者的疾病不确定感与社会支持呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论肝硬化患者疾病不确定感水平普遍较高,且与文化程度、社会支持等因素密切相关;护士应关注并了解患者的疾病不确定感,通过针对性地提供相关信息、充分利用可获得的社会资源等提高患者对疾病的应对能力和社会适应力,从而降低患者的疾病不确定感。     

住院肺结核患者心理健康与社会支持的相关性

目的探讨住院肺结核患者心理健康状况与社会支持的相关性。方法采用症状自评量表、领悟支持量表对北京市某结核病研究所接受治疗且已确诊的158例肺结核患者进行问卷调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果本组患者的心理健康状况较差;肺结核患者社会支持程度低,症状自评量表总分与社会支持呈负相关(r=-0.20,P0.05),除精神症状外,症状自评量表各因子分与家庭外支持呈负相关(P0.01或P0.05)。结论社会支持与住院肺结核患者的心理症状密切相关,进行躯体治疗的同时,应充分评估和利用患者的社会支持,促进其心身康复。     

A comparison of the health locus of control and perceived social support between cancer and AIDS patients

This study compared the health locus of control (HLOC) and perceived social support levels of 219 cancer patients and 122 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Further, the relationship between HLOC and social support was explored. Chinese versions of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) (Form B) and the Personal Resources Questionnaire (PRQ) (Part 2) were used. Results showed that AIDS patients have a higher internal HLOC than cancer patients. The perceived social support of cancer patients was higher than that of AIDS patients. Social support was positively associated with internal HLOC and negatively associated with chance HLOC in both the samples. Implications of these results for nursing practice and future research are discussed.     

Differences in social isolation between young and old elderly in urban areas of Beijing,China: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo understand the differences in social isolation among older adults and to identify risks associated with social isolation.MethodsTotally 485 participants aged 60 and older were recruited for this study. The Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey were used to measure social isolation and the different types of social support that the participants experienced.ResultsThe proportions of young elderly (60–74 years of age) and old elderly (greater than 74 years of age) that experienced social isolation in this study were 24.4% and 33.1%, respectively. For the young elderly, three types of social support were observed to be protective factors to help avoid social isolation, and the positive effect of social support obtained from friends and neighbors was slightly stronger than that of family members. Old elderly with only a senior high school education background were at high risk of being socially isolated. Only support from friends was observed to be a protective factor for the old elderly.ConclusionsThe study indicated that different ages of older adults experienced different aspects of social relationships. We propose that nursing interventions for the elderly should focus on individualized social support as a protective factor to help older adults avoid being socially isolated.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间急诊一线护士应对方式、领悟社会支持及心理健康的关系

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情防控期间急诊一线护士应对方式、领悟社会支持及心理健康状况之间的关系。 方法于2020年2月3日至11日,采用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对广州市COVID-19患者定点收治医院急诊科为疑似或确诊的COVID-19患者提供护理的护士进行电子问卷调查。采用Spearman等级相关分析研究心理健康状况、领悟社会支持及应对方式之间的关系;采用二分类Logistic回归分析性别、工作年限、领悟社会支持及应对方式对心理健康状况的共同作用。 结果共263例急诊一线护士参与调查,其中66例(25.10%)具有心理健康风险(GHQ-12>3分);领悟社会支持为59.00(49.00,69.00)分,积极应对为1.67(1.17,2.08)分,消极应对为1.00(0.63,1.25)分。积极应对与社会支持存在较强的正相关(r＝0.48,P<0.01),与心理健康状况得分呈负相关(r＝-0.12,P<0.05);社会支持与心理健康状况得分呈负相关(r＝-0.24,P<0.01);消极应对与心理健康状况得分呈正相关(r＝0.15,P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR＝2.69,95%CI：1.79～3.61),更长的工作年限(OR＝1.53,95%CI：1.09～2.14),消极应对(OR＝2.27,95%CI：1.27～4.05)以及较低的领悟社会支持(OR＝0.95,95%CI：0.93～0.97)为护士心理健康状况的危险因素(均P<0.05),且领悟社会支持为积极应对与心理健康的完全中介因素。 结论COVID-19疫情防控一线护士的心理健康风险较高,受多方面因素的影响,且领悟社会支持较低,建议可通过减少一线护士的消极应对方式、提高社会支持降低一线护士的健康风险。     

颈椎病病人社会支持与生活质量的相关性研究

[目的]了解颈椎病病人社会支持与生活质量的现状,分析两者的相关性。[方法]采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简明健康测量量表(SF-36)对304例颈椎病病人进行社会支持与生活质量的问卷调查。[结果]颈椎病病人社会支持总分为37.23分±6.78分,高于国内常模;SF-36量表中的8个维度得分均低于健康人群(P<0.05);除生理职能外,其余7个维度与社会支持的3个维度均存在正相关(P<0.05)。[结论]颈椎病病人的社会支持与生活质量密切相关,应帮助病人建立有效的社会支持系统,以提高其生活质量。