口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移的高危因素分析

目的：分析影响口腔癌患者发生对侧颈淋巴结转移的临床病理因素.方法：收集2010年6月～2011年6月间217例中发生对侧颈淋巴结转移的口腔癌病历资料13例,对其临床病理特点进行分析.结果：口腔癌对侧颈淋巴结转移多发于年轻患者,部位以舌、口底常见,并与临床分期、病理分级、同侧颈淋巴转移等因素密切相关,其协同作用可能加快其转移.结论：在≤45岁、肿瘤范围越过中线、侵及口底、≥T3期、低分化鳞癌、同侧颈淋巴结转移等因素中若出现两项或以上者,则有必要考虑同期行对侧颈淋巴结清扫术,以提高患者治愈率和生存率.     

708例口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移临床病理分析

目的 探讨口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移的规律及相关临床病理学因素。方法 对708例行颈淋巴清扫术的口腔鳞状细胞癌患者进行回顾性研究,通过单因素和多因素回归分析,寻找影响口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移的相关临床病理学因素。采用SPSS19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 口腔鳞状细胞癌的颈淋巴转移率为35.6%(252/708),各区的转移率分别为Ⅰ区30.7%（149/485）, Ⅱ区33.8%（164/485）,Ⅲ区22.5%（109/485）,Ⅳ区8.0%（39/485）,Ⅴ区4.9%（24/485）。在单因素分析中,年龄、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、pT分级均与口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移显著相关（P＜0.05）,而性别、原发灶部位与口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移无显著相关性（P＞0.05）;在多因素分析中,仅肿瘤的分化程度、肿瘤的浸润深度、pT分级与口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移有明显相关性（P＜0.05）,肿瘤浸润深度可能是口腔鳞状细胞癌发生颈淋巴转移的首要影响因素（OR=2.191）。结论 口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移与pT分期、肿瘤浸润深度呈正相关,与肿瘤分化程度呈负相关。肿瘤浸润深度可能是口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴转移的首要影响因素。     

Reduced expression of the CD44 variant exons in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its relationship to metastasis

In the present study, we examined the expression of CD44 variant exons in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Of ten cell lines from OSCCs, two (KB and H357), as well as the HeLa cell line, failed to express CD44 variant exons. In surgical specimens, all normal mucosa expressed CD44v9 (both mRNA and protein). Of 40 primary OSCCs, 19 (47.5%) showed downregulation of CD44v9, which correlated with tumor cell differentiation, primary metastasis to lymph nodes and secondary metastasis to lymph nodes. The results suggest that the downregulation of CD44v9 may play a role in lymphatic metastasis of OSCC and changes in its expression may be a useful diagnostic tool to determine the metastatic potential of OSCC to lymph nodes. Moreover, three cell lines that failed to express CD44 variant exons might become a useful experimental model to study the role of variant exons in the progression of OSCC.     

Type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression correlates with lymph node status in oral squamous cell carcinoma

In tumour biology, nitric oxide (NO) has a complex array of concentration-dependent actions, including both inhibitory and promoting effects. It is thought that the levels of NO found in many human cancers lead to enhanced angiogenesis and tumour dissemination. In the current study, we assessed the immunohistochemical expression of the enzyme type II nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) in 41 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and correlated the findings with lymph node status. A significant relationship was found between NOS2 expression and lymph node metastasis (P<0.0002). Furthermore, lymph node metastasis correlated with the degree and intensity of staining seen (P<0.001). No correlation was found between the size of the primary tumour, degree of tumour differentiation or smoking status and NOS2 staining. Western blotting confirmed NOS2 protein expression in select cases. As with many other human tumours, NOS2 is not a ubiquitous finding in oral cancer. Its expression may be of value in assessing lymph node status prior to surgery, and it represents a target for possible therapeutic manipulation.     

应用声诺维超声造影诊断口腔癌颈淋巴结转移的临床探讨

目的 探讨声诺维超声造影在口腔癌颈淋巴结转移诊断中的应用价值.方法 本研究包括56例口腔癌患者.分别应用常规超声及声诺维超声造影对56例患者的147个淋巴结分别进行术前检查,并与术后病理结果对照分析.结果 与病理诊断结果进行比较,超声检查的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为72.9％、83.3％、79.0％;声诺维超声造影的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为84.7％、94.1％、90.2％.声诺维超声造影的敏感性、特异性、准确性均优于常规超声检查(P＜0.05).结论 声诺维超声造影提高了口腔癌颈淋巴结转移诊断的准确率,可作为手术治疗前判断颈淋巴结转移的方法之一.     

Gene expression profile changes correlated with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

The purpose of this research was to identify biomarkers for predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We surveyed the expressions of 1289 cancer-related genes in 41 cases of OSCC by cDNA array analysis. We extracted genes upregulated or downregulated in their expression in association with lymph node metastasis. Of 1289 cancer-related genes, we identified 39 genes differentially expressed in OSCC with or without lymph node metastasis. Expression levels of 9 genes were lower, and those of 30 genes were higher, in node-positive cases. The genes expressed at higher levels in node-positive cases included angiogenesis-related molecules, cell adhesion molecules, and proteolytic enzymes. We suggest that these characteristic genes could provide, if verifiable, useful information for predicting the risk of lymph node metastasis in OSCC.     

口腔鳞癌中VEGF-C的表达及与颈淋巴转移的关系

目的：检测口腔鳞癌（OSCC）中血管内皮生长因子-C（VEGF-C）的表达,以探讨VEGF-C与OSCC淋巴转移的关系及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学染色（S-P法）检测40例OSCC组织及14例正常口腔黏膜组织中VEGF-C的表达情况。结果：45.0%的OSCC组织中可见VEGF-C表达,在正常口腔黏膜中无表达;22例伴淋巴结转移的OSCC组织中,68.2%有VEGF-C表达,18例不伴有淋巴结转移者,16.7%有VEGF-C表达,两组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;16.7%的Ⅰ～Ⅱ期OSCC有VEGF-C表达,57.1%的Ⅲ～Ⅳ期OSCC有VEGF-C表达,两者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与肿瘤的部位、年龄及性别无关（P〉0.05）。结论：VEGF-C在OSCC组织中表达明显上调,并与淋巴管生成、颈淋巴结转移及TNM分期等临床病理生物学行为有关,提示VEGF-C可能在OSCC的生长及转移中起重要作用。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌淋巴结转移相关因素的单因素分析

目的 通过分析常用的临床、病理指标与口腔鳞状细胞癌颈淋巴结转移的关系,探讨其在预测口腔鳞癌颈淋巴结转移中的价值,为临床提供预测转移的有效指标.方法 选择100例口腔鳞癌患者,记录年龄、性别、发病部位、病程、T分期、N分期等临床指标;选择肿瘤细胞浸润深度、浸润方式、病理分级、淋巴细胞浸润程度、肿瘤的粘附力、基底膜的连续性、肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤增殖等病理指标,进行统计学分析,观察这些指标与淋巴结转移的相关性.结果 单因素分析结果显示,T分期、浸润深度、平均血管密度、VEGF、PCNA和E-CD染色阳性细胞率具有统计学意义.结论 T分期、肿瘤浸润深度、E-CD、PCNA和VEGF的表达程度、肿瘤血管平均密度是与口腔鳞癌淋巴结转移相关的危险因素,可作为术前预测的指标.     

CD10 expression in stromal cells of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a clinic and pathologic correlation

OBJECTIVE: CD10 is expressed on the majority of follicle-center lymphomas and Burkitt lymphomas. CD10 has also been shown to be present in a variety of other neoplasms. DESIGN: The aim of this study was a correlation of CD10 and several parameters: age, tumor size, presence of lymph node metastases, clinic stage, histologic grading, presence of local recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tissues of 77 consecutive patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated using immunostaining with monoclonal antibody for CD10. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Highly significant correlations were found with the lymph node status, the presence of local recurrences and the histologic grading. The presence of CD10-positive cells was not correlated with the age of patients, tumor size and clinic stage. RESULTS: The results of the present study show that in oral squamous cell carcinoma CD10 positivity is an indicator of worse prognosis. Another strong correlation was found with the presence of local recurrences. Also the histologic grade was significantly correlated with the CD10 positivity. CONCLUSION: Our results point to the fact that CD10 expression can, perhaps, have an important role in tumor invasion, probably facilitating the occurrence of metastases.     

口腔鳞癌腮腺淋巴结转移的临床病理特征与预后分析

目的:探讨口腔鳞癌患者腮腺淋巴结转移的临床病理特征及预后影响因素.方法:回顾性分析2003年1月—2017年12月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院收治的60例伴或不伴腮腺淋巴结转移的口腔鳞癌患者的临床病理资料及影像学资料,分析其临床病理和影像学特征及其与预后的相关性.采用SPSS 23.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析....     

美蓝在口腔鳞状细胞癌前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的：探讨美蓝在口腔鳞状细胞癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymphnode,SLN）活检中的应用,为临床N0患者是否作颈部淋巴结清扫提供依据。方法：用美蓝对30例口腔鳞状细胞癌临床N0患者行前哨淋巴结定位活检,通过与区域淋巴结清扫标本的比较来评价前哨淋巴结活检的准确性。结果：前哨淋巴结定位活检总成功率为93.3%（28/30）,准确率92.9%（26/28）,假阴性率为11.1%（2/18）,灵敏度为83.3%（10/12）,特异性100%（16/16）。结论：前哨淋巴结活检在口腔鳞状细胞癌中能很好地反映淋巴结的转移情况,对指导淋巴结清扫的合理性和必要性有一定的临床应用价值。     

颊癌及转移淋巴结角蛋白谱的分析研究

目的探讨口腔颊黏膜鳞状细胞癌及转移淋巴结角蛋白谱的特点。方法颊部鳞状细胞癌活检标本及转移淋巴结活检标本,提取角蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE电泳和利用免疫印迹(Western Blot)杂交方法研究转移角蛋白谱的表达。结果颊黏膜化鳞状细胞癌中出现了单层角蛋白上皮如CK18、19,而CK10表达缺失;淋巴结转移鳞状细胞癌中出现了单层角蛋白上皮如19等,并且出现了大量角蛋白片段。结论颊黏膜鳞状细胞癌变异性表达CK18、19,不表达CK 10。转移淋巴结和原发鳞状细胞癌的角蛋白谱是不同的,在口腔鳞状细胞癌淋巴结转移过程中,角蛋白谱发生了变化。     

口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶2表达与颈淋巴结微转移的关系

目的探讨口腔鳞状细胞癌(鳞癌)细胞基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2的表达与颈淋巴结微转移的关系。方法采用RT-PCR方法,检测47例口腔鳞癌组织标本、15例正常组织的MMP-2 mRNA的表达;对10个正常淋巴结、47例口腔鳞癌患者的335个淋巴结采用免疫组化方法检测其细胞角蛋白(CK)的表达。结果口腔鳞癌MMP-2 mRNA的表达率为40.4%,高于正常对照组的6.67%(P<0.05);47例患者中角蛋白阳性23例,阳性率为48.9%(23/47);以淋巴结微转移阳性、阴性分组,阳性组MMP-2 mRNA的表达率为84.2%,阴性组MMP-2 mRNA的表达率为25.0%,有显著性差异(P<0.005)。结论MMP-2的表达与颈淋巴结微转移呈显著相关性。     

CD31、CD34和CD105在舌鳞癌微血管中的表达及其与颈淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨CD31、CD34和CD105在舌鳞癌微血管中的表达及其与颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法对40例舌鳞癌组织标本进行标记染色,按Weidner法计算CD31、CD34和CD105标记的肿瘤组织微血管密度（MVD）。结果CD31、CD34和CD105在舌癌组织区的表达明显高于正常区组织（P<0.01）,CD31与CD34标记的MVD值相比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而它们与CD105之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。不同血管标记物标记的舌癌组织MVD值在男、女患者之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,CD31、CD34标记的MVD值在不同的病理分级、临床分期之间差异没有统计学意义（P>0.05）,CD105标记的MVD值在不同的病理分级、临床分期之间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同血管标记物标记的舌癌组织MVD值在有或无淋巴结转移之间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而CD105组差异更为显著（P<0.01）。结论CD105是一种更为理想的血管内皮细胞标记物,它能够更为准确地提示患者发生转移的可能性,可能与舌癌的发生发展有密切的关系。     

Topoisomerase expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: relationship with cancer stem cells profiles and lymph node metastasis

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41 : 762–768 Background: The relationship between predictive proteins and tumors presenting cancer stem cells (CSCs) profiles in oral tumors is still poorly understood. This study aims to identify the relationship between topoisomerases I, IIα, and IIIα and putative CSCs immunophenotype in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine its influence on prognosis. Methods: The following data were retrieved from 127 patients: age, gender, primary anatomic site, smoking and alcohol intake, recurrence, metastases, histologic classification, treatment, and survival. An immunohistochemical study for topoisomerases I, IIα, and IIIα was performed in a tissue microarray containing 127 paraffin blocks of OSCCs. Results: In univariate analysis, topoisomerases expression showed significant differences according to CSCs profiles and p53 immunoexpression, but not with survival. Topoisomerases IIα and IIIα also showed significant relationship with lymph node metastasis. The multivariate test confirmed these associations. Conclusions: The results that all topoisomerases correlates with OSCC CSCs may indicate a role for topoisomerases in head and neck carcinogenesis. Notwithstanding, it is plausible that other members of topoisomerases family could represent novel therapeutical targets in oral squamous cell carcinoma.     

Prognostic value of lymph node count from selective neck dissection in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Unlike the levels of anatomical exploration, there is no consensus on the extent of lymph node dissection, or lymph node count (LNC), during selective neck dissection (SND). The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic impact of LNC on survival and to determine an optimal LNC cut-off value for SND. A retrospective investigation identified 78 patients with a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) who underwent SND (levels I–III or levels I–IV). LNC and clinicopathological variables were analyzed for any association with survival in Cox proportional hazards models. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off value of 19 lymph nodes was found to predict overall survival (OS) (area under the curve 0.732, sensitivity 67.8%, specificity 75.0%; P = 0.026) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (area under the curve 0.762, sensitivity 68.1%, specificity 77.8%; P = 0.011). On Cox regression, LNC (≥19 vs. <19) was the only independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio 5.29, 95% confidence interval 1.39–20.05; P = 0.014) and DSS (hazard ratio 6.76, 95% confidence interval 1.40–32.77; P = 0.018). Similar results were obtained in the pathologically lymph node-negative subgroup (n = 66). Based on the study findings, SND should include 19 or more lymph nodes for a survival benefit.     

111例cN0口腔鳞状细胞癌患者颈部淋巴结转移临床分析

目的 探讨颈部淋巴结阴性（clinically negative cervical lymph node,cN0）的口腔鳞癌（oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC）患者发生颈淋巴结隐匿性转移的规律和相关影响因素。方法 收集承德医学院附属医院2007年5月—2017年5月接受颈淋巴结清扫术的111例cN0口腔鳞癌患者的临床和病理资料,进行回顾性分析。采用SPSS 17.0软件包中χ²检验,分析隐匿性转移与年龄、性别、原发灶部位及病理分级的关系。结果 111例cN0口腔鳞癌患者中,总隐匿性转移率为27.03%（30/111）。cN0口腔鳞癌患者淋巴结转移率与性别、年龄及发病部位无显著相关（P>0.05）,与病理分期存在显著相关（P<0.05）。结论 肿瘤分化程度越低,颈淋巴结隐匿性转移率越高。临床上对此类患者,应积极行颈淋巴清扫术。