木聚糖酶毒性的初步研究

[目的]研究木聚糖酶的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。[方法]小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30d喂养试验。[结果]木聚糖酶雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于10．0g／kg，属实际无毒物质；Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性；大鼠30d喂养试验结果显示该样品30d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。[结论]在本次实验条件下，木聚糖酶为实际无毒物质，未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。     

湖北海棠的毒性研究

[目的]研究湖北海棠的毒性。[方法]小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。[结果]湖北海棠属实际无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。[结论]在本次实验条件下,湖北海棠为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

壳聚糖的毒性研究

目的：研究壳聚糖的毒性。方法：小鼠急性毒性试验、AmeS试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30d喂养试验。结果：壳聚糖属实际无毒物质；Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性；大鼠30d喂养试验结果显示该样品30d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论：在本次实验条件下，壳聚糖为无毒物质，未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

壳聚糖的毒性研究

目的：研究壳聚糖的毒性。方法：小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30d喂养试验。结果：壳聚糖属实际无毒特质：Ames试验、微核和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性：大鼠30d喂养试验结果显示该样品30d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论：在本次实验条件下，壳聚糖为无毒物质，未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的毒性研究

[目的]研究D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的毒性. [方法]采用小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验对D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐的毒性进行研究. [结果]急性毒性试验LD50>10g/kg,属于实际无毒级物质;Ames试验中TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102的4个标准菌株无论代谢活化与否,皆为阴性结果;骨髓细胞微核试验和精子畸形试验2.5、5.0、10.0 g/kg 3个剂量组与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用. [结论]在本次实验条件下,D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用.     

黄芪多糖毒性实验研究

[目的]对黄芪多糖的急性毒性、致突变性及30 d喂养进行研究. [方法]按<品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法>小鼠的急性毒性、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验及Ames试验进行了检测. [结果]小鼠MTD>15 000 mg/kg.bw,小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验测试组和对照组间均无统计学差异,Ames试验中不同剂量组在加S9和不加S9条件下的回变菌落数均未超过空白对照组回变菌落数的2倍.大鼠30 d喂养试验显示,各剂量组动物生长发育良好,血液及生化指标均在正常范围内,各试验组与对照组相比无统计学差异,病理学检查肝、肾、胃、肠均正常. [结论]黄芪多糖属无毒物,致突变试验及30 d喂养试验均为阴性.     

金坤胶囊毒性实验研究

目的 探讨金坤胶囊的安全性.方法 依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性经口毒性试验、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Ames)试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和30天喂养试验.结果 小鼠经口MTD>24000 mg/kg BW,属实际无毒级;骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验结果均为阴性;30天喂养试验中各项指标均未见异常.结论 金坤胶囊对大鼠30天毒性实验及小鼠毒性试验未产生不良影响.     

鹿茸人参制剂的毒理学安全性评价

[目的]了解鹿茸人参制剂的安全性。[方法]小鼠急性经口毒性试验,Ames试验,小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验,小鼠精子畸形试验,大鼠30 d喂养试验。[结果]该制剂急性经口毒性为无毒,在三项遗传毒性试验中均为阴性结果,在30 d喂养试验中也无异常发现。[结论]鹿茸人参制剂安全无毒。     

富硒酵母的急性、亚急性和遗传毒性研究

目的:研究富硒酵母的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。方法:应用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、A-mes试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验及大鼠30 d喂养试验进行毒性观察。结果:该富硒酵母对雌雄小鼠LD50均大于20000 mg/kg.bw;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验均为阴性。30 d喂养试验各实验组动物生长发育良好,血常规及血生化各指标均在本实验室正常值范围内,未见有意义的病理改变。结论:该富硒酵母为无毒级物质,未见有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

珍珠祛斑美容片毒理学安全性研究

目的:评价珍珠祛斑美容片保健食品的食用安全性.方法:采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames试验和30 d喂养试验进行检测.结果:雌、雄大、小鼠急性经口MTD>20 g/kg体重,属无毒级;小鼠骨髓微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验未显示明显毒性.结论:珍珠祛斑美容片属安全的保健食品.     

芽孢菌肽的急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

目的研究芽孢菌肽的急性毒性和遗传毒性。方法以急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验和睾丸染色体畸变试验评估芽孢菌肽的急性毒性和遗传毒性。结果芽孢菌肽雌、雄小鼠急性经口LD50值及95%CI分别为5 010(3 080~8 140)mg/kg BW和7 940(4 670~13 500)mg/kg BW。骨髓细胞微核率为(2.2±0.4)‰~(2.6±0.6)‰,睾丸染色体畸变率为(0.20±0.45)%~(0.40±0.55)%,与溶剂对照相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05),结果均为阴性。结论在试验条件下,芽孢菌肽属实际无毒级,未见遗传毒性。     

Lead toxicity

Lead is one of the oldest known and most widely studied occupational and environmental toxins. Despite intensive study, there is still vigorous debate about the toxic effects of lead, both from low-level exposure in the general population owing to environmental pollution and historic use of lead in paint and plumbing and from exposure in the occupational setting. The majority of industries historically associated with high lead exposure have made dramatic advances in their control of occupational exposure. However, cases of unacceptably high exposure and even of frank lead poisoning are still seen, predominantly in the demolition and tank cleaning industries. Nevertheless, in most industries blood lead levels have declined below levels at which signs or symptoms are seen and the current focus of attention is on the subclinical effects of exposure. The significance of some of these effects for the overt health of the workers is often the subject of debate. Inevitably there is pressure to reduce lead exposure in the general population and in working environments, but any legislation must be based on a genuine scientific evaluation of the available evidence.     

Antimony toxicity

Antimony toxicity occurs either due to occupational exposure or during therapy. Occupational exposure may cause respiratory irritation, pneumoconiosis, antimony spots on the skin and gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Improvements in working conditions have remarkably decreased the incidence of antimony toxicity in the workplace. As a therapeutic, antimony has been mostly used for the treatment of leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis. The major toxic side-effects of antimonials as a result of therapy are cardiotoxicity (~9% of patients) and pancreatitis, which is seen commonly in HIV and visceral leishmaniasis co-infections. Quality control of each batch of drugs produced and regular monitoring for toxicity is required when antimonials are used therapeutically.     

Zinc toxicity

Although consequences of zinc deficiency have been recognized for many years, it is only recently that attention has been directed to the potential consequences of excessive zinc intake. This is a review of the literature on manifestations of toxicity at several levels of zinc intake. Zinc is considered to be relatively nontoxic, particularly if taken orally. However, manifestations of overt toxicity symptoms (nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, lethargy, and fatigue) will occur with extremely high zinc intakes. At low intakes, but at amounts well in excess of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) (100-300 mg Zn/d vs an RDA of 15 mg Zn/d), evidence of induced copper deficiency with attendant symptoms of anemia and neutropenia, as well as impaired immune function and adverse effects on the ratio of low-density-lipoprotein to high-density-lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol have been reported. Even lower levels of zinc supplementation, closer in amount to the RDA, have been suggested to interfere with the utilization of copper and iron and to adversely affect HDL cholesterol concentrations. Individuals using zinc supplements should be aware of the possible complications attendant to their use.     

Digitalis toxicity

Digitalis toxicity is a frequently encountered clinical problem. Drug interactions leading to digitalis toxicity are very common. Within this group, the interaction of digitalis and verapamil is increasingly recognized as an important cause of digitalis toxicity. The use of digoxin-binding antibodies represents a significant advance in the treatment of this problem and can be lifesaving in the setting of massive overdose. A case report of digitalis toxicity and a review of this problem and its treatment are presented.     

水飞蓟提取物的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚慢性毒性研究

目的研究水飞蓟提取物的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚慢性毒性。方法根据GB 15193.3-2003、GB 15193.4-2003、GB 15193.5-2003、GB 15193.7-2003、GB 15193.13-2003,采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)、90 d喂养实验对水飞蓟提取物的安全性毒理学进行研究。结果水飞蓟提取物对雌、雄昆明种小鼠的最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于20.0 g/kg·bw,属无毒级;Ames试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性,90 d喂养试验各剂量组大鼠体重增加、食物摄入量、食物利用率、脏器/体重比值与对照组比较均无异常,血液学指标和生化指标值在正常范围内,大鼠主要脏器组织未见有意义的病理学改变;未观察到有害作用剂量大于2.5 g/kg·bw。结论在本实验条件下,水飞蓟提取物未见明显毒副作用。     

木聚糖酶的亚慢性毒性研究

目的：研究木聚糖酶的亚慢性毒性作用。方法：根据GB15193-2003《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》设104．2、208．4、416．7、833．3mg／kg 4个剂量组,进行大鼠亚慢性毒性试验研究。结果：木聚糖酶大鼠亚慢性毒性试验各剂量组各指标均未显示明显毒性作用。结论：在本次实验条件下,木聚糖酶在833．3mg／kg剂量下未显示有毒性作用。