多层螺旋CT在胃癌TNM分期中的诊断价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对胃癌术前TNM分期的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的106例胃癌,术前均进行了MSCT三期增强扫描,对比分析MSCT对胃癌术前分期的准确度。结果106例胃癌,T分期总的准确度为70.75%(75/106),N分期总的准确度75.47%(80/106),M分期总的准确度为96.23%(102/106)。结论MSCT三期增强扫描对胃癌术前TNM分期准确度较高,对指导临床有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT扫描在结肠癌术前分期中的应用分析

目的 分析多层螺旋CT扫描在结肠癌术前分期中的应用价值。方法 选取119例结肠癌患者,采用回顾性分析法。分析患者术前影像学诊断资料,均采用多层螺旋CT扫描,并将术后病理检查结果作为金标准,分析多层螺旋CT对结肠癌术前分期的诊断符合率。结果 以手术病理TNM分期结果作为金标准,多层螺旋CT诊断T1期、T2期、T3期、T4期符合率分别为64.29%、76.19%、80.0%、85.71%,总体符合率为75.63%。多层螺旋CT诊断N0期、N1期、N2期符合率分别为81.25%、90.28%、86.67%,总体符合率为87.39%。结论 多层螺旋CT扫描对结肠癌术前分期的诊断符合率高,应用价值显著。     

螺旋CT多层平面重建在食管癌术前分期中的应用价值

目的评估螺旋CT多层平面重建(MPR)在食管癌术前分期中的应用价值。方法选择86例食管癌患者,回顾性分析螺旋CT影像学资料,并与病理资料进行对照,分析螺旋CT对食管癌术前分期的判断准确性,观察项目包括食管癌病变部位、肿瘤对周围组织、器官的侵犯以及Moss改良分期。结果螺旋CT能够显示病灶的位置、范围,管壁及管腔的变化以及周围脂肪的异常改变。本组螺旋CT的食管癌术前分期诊断准确性为80.2%(69/86),对食管癌术前外侵的诊断准确性为87.2%(75/86),对食管癌术前淋巴结转移的诊断准确性为83.7%(72/86)。结论螺旋CT在食管癌术前分期中具有重要的临床应用价值,能够判断病灶的位置、范围、管壁及管腔的变化以及周围脂肪的异常改变等,为临床诊治提供可靠的参考依据。     

多层螺旋CT动态增强扫描在结肠淋巴瘤诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）动态增强扫描诊断结肠淋巴瘤的价值。方法对16例结肠淋巴瘤患者进行MSCT动态增强扫描,并观察分析MSCT轴位图像和多平面重组（MPR）、容积重建（VR）及CT仿真内窥镜（CTVE）等重建图像,进行诊断。同时行双对比钡灌肠检查和纤维结肠镜检查。结果16例结肠淋巴瘤患者中B细胞型淋巴瘤14例,MSCT动脉期增强扫描见病灶呈轻、中度均质强化,诊断为结肠淋巴瘤;T细胞型淋巴瘤2例,MSCT动脉期增强扫描呈中度不均质强化,诊断为结肠癌。MSCT动态增强扫描与病理诊断的符合率为87．5％,高于双对比钡灌肠检查和纤维结肠镜检查。结论MSCT动态增强扫描结合后处理图像在结肠淋巴瘤的诊断中具有独特的优越性,其诊断符合率高于双对比钡灌肠检查和纤维结肠镜检查。     

胰腺癌多层螺旋CT影像学表现

目的分析胰腺癌的多层螺旋cT影像学表现。方法对66例胰腺癌患者行多层螺旋CT多期容积扫描并薄层重建,分析肿瘤分布、形态、大小、密度、CT增强表现、与周围血管的关系、周围脂肪受侵情况、淋巴结及其他脏器转移情况。结果肿瘤分布于胰腺头及钩突27例,颈部12例,体部19例,尾部10例。肿瘤大小为1．0—3．0cm12例,3．0cm以上54例。63例形态不规则。平扫低密度14例,等密度50例,高密度0例,混合密度2例。动脉期无强化49例,中等度强化15例,明显强化2例。门静脉期轻度强化13例,中等度强化且强化不均匀63例。45例胰腺导管扩张,21例胰腺导管无扩张。57例胰腺周围脂肪间隙不清楚。胰腺周围、腹腔、腹膜后淋巴结转移有无转移33例,无转移33例。39例患者发生肝脏、肺等远处脏器转移。61例不同程度累及胰周血管。结论胰腺癌的多层螺旋CT表现为：肿瘤常分布于胰头及钩突,形态不规则,多数大于3．0cm,胰腺导管扩张常见,平扫大多数为等密度,增强动脉期多数为无强化,门静脉期轻中度强化,周围脂肪间隙及胰周血管多受累。     

多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前分期中的诊断价值

背景与目的:直肠癌术前分期对选择合理治疗方案和判断预后至关重要。传统的计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)对直肠癌术前分期存在争议,本研究旨在探讨多层螺旋CT(multislice spiral CT,MSCT)对直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值。方法:中山大学肿瘤防治中心2006年3月至2007年2月,经病理证实的直肠癌患者87例,所有患者术前行MSCT平扫及增强扫描,由两位放射科医生独立评价肿瘤的部位、大小、侵犯范围(T)、淋巴结转移(N)及远处转移(M)情况,做出诊断及TNM分期,并与术后病理对照,评价准确性、灵敏度及特异度。结果:MSCT检出了全部87例直肠癌,对直肠癌TNM分期总的准确性为81.6%(71/87)。T、N、M期准确性分别为94.3%(82/87)、82.8%(72/87)、98.9%(86/87)。≤T2、T3、T4期灵敏度分别为90.5%、91.3%、97.7%,特异度分别为98.5%、94.2%、97.7%。N0、N1、N2期灵敏度分别为92.9%、72.0%、82.4%,特异度分别为88.9%、88.5%、91.7%。远处转移的患者仅1例因肝脏转移灶<5mm而漏诊。结论:MSCT能较准确地判断直肠癌的侵犯范围、淋巴结转移及远处转移,是非常有价值的术前分期方法。     

原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中多层螺旋CT的应用及CT表现研究

目的 探究原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤诊断与鉴别诊断中多层螺旋CT的应用及CT表现.方法 选择疑似原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤患者56例,均行多层螺旋CT检查.以肾上腺穿刺或术后病理组织检查结果为诊断原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤的"金标准",分析病理及多层螺旋CT检查结果;分析多层螺旋CT在原发性肾上腺淋巴瘤中的诊断效能及一致性;另分析原发性肾上腺...     

多层螺旋CT在胃肠道淋巴瘤中的鉴别价值及与TNM分期的相关性研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在胃肠道淋巴瘤中的鉴别价值及与TNM分期的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2020年5月间上海市普陀区人民医院收治的58例胃肠道淋巴瘤患者为A组,另选取同期52例进展性胃癌患者为B组,均接受MSCT扫描检查。比较两组患者及A组内不同TNM分期患者MSCT扫描参数差异,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析MSCT扫描参数对胃肠道淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断价值,采用Spearman相关分析MSCT扫描参数与TNM分期的相关性。结果两组患者肿瘤部位、黏膜破坏、胃腔狭窄、密度分布和强化程度比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。A组患者图像客观噪声小于B组,信噪比大于B组,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。A组患者图像客观噪声随TNM分期升高而降低,信噪比随TNM分期升高而升高;Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者的图像客观噪声和信噪比均与Ⅰ期存在差异,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,图像客观噪声和信噪比鉴别诊断胃肠道淋巴瘤与进展性胃癌的AUC分别为0.822和0.823,具有一定准确性。以ROC曲线靠左上方约登指数最大切点为最佳临界值,该点图像客观噪声为67.2%和90.4%,信噪比为63.8%和92.3%,具有一定鉴别诊断价值。进一步ROC曲线显示,联合检查鉴别诊断AUC为0.865,敏感度和特异度为81.0%和93.5%,均高于单项检查,提示联合鉴别诊断价值较高。Spearman相关分析显示,图像客观噪声与胃肠道淋巴瘤TNM分期呈负相关,信噪比与胃肠道淋巴瘤TNM分期呈正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT用于胃肠道淋巴瘤的辅助鉴别诊断效果较好,且CT扫描参数对判断TNM分期具有重要意义。     

3.0T MRI和多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前TN分期中的临床应用对比

目的探讨3.0T磁共振成像(MRI)和多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前TN分期中的应用价值。方法选取40例经术后病理确诊为直肠癌的患者为研究对象,所有患者均于术前接受3.0T MRI和多层螺旋CT影像检查,均行平扫及增强扫描,将MRI和螺旋CT的检查的TN分期结果与术后病理结果进行对比分析。结果术后病理证实在40例直肠癌患者中,T1~2期为8例,T3期为17例,T4期为15例,而淋巴结阳性22例,淋巴结阴性18例;与术后病理结果对照,术前MRI检查的T分期准确率为72.50%,术前螺旋CT检查的T分期准确率为65.00%,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而与术后病理结果对照,术前MRI检查的N分期准确率为77.50%,术前螺旋CT检查的N分期准确率为72.50%,两者比较无明显差异(P>0.05);MRI和螺旋CT检查的术前T分期与术后病理T分期的一致性一般,其一致性检验Kappa值分别为0.613和0.207,且MRI检查的一致性优于螺旋CT检查(P<0.05);MRI和螺旋CT检查的术前N分期与术后病理N分期的一致性较差,其一致性检验值Kappa分别为0.392和0.154,且MRI检查与螺旋CT检查的一致性无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论 3.0TMRI和多层螺旋CT检查均是直肠癌患者术前TN分期较为可靠的检查方式。与多层螺旋CT比较,3.0TMRI对于直肠癌术前T分期的诊断正确率相对较高,且MRI检查术前T分期与术后病理T分期的一致性优于多层螺旋CT。而3.0TMRI和多层螺旋CT在直肠癌术前N分期的诊断中未见明显异同。     

胃癌多层螺旋CT研究进展

本文对胃癌多层螺旋CT研究的最新成果进行了归纳和分析，着重阐述了胃癌CT检查的准备、体位、参数设置、胃癌的一般表现、术前分期、术后处理技术及限度及对胃癌分型的价值等。目前研究重点是CT的术前分期，随着多层螺旋CT的出现，三期动态增强扫描不仅可以检出胃癌，而且对胃癌分期的准确性较高，现阶段已成为胃癌术前分期首选的检查方法。但CT对早期胃癌诊断价值不大，术后复查首选螺旋CT门静脉期单期增强。     

Pointers to the diagnosis of gastric lymphoma on computed tomography

The computed tomographic features of 12 patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and a further seven patients with gastric involvement by disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been reviewed. In eight of these 19 patients there were clefts within the area of gastric wall involved by lymphoma where oral contrast medium passed to within 2 mm of the serosal surface in and amongst areas of gastric wall thickening (maximal thickness ranging from 18 to 40 mm). In three of these patients some clefts extended beyond the expected margin of the stomach to enter into, and be contained by, a composite soft tissue mass of stomach, spleen and splenic hilar nodes. Awareness of these features, which are in keeping with the known range of macroscopic pathological appearances in non-Hodkin's lymphoma, may help the radiologist to recognize this potentially curable disease.     

套细胞淋巴瘤诊疗进展

套细胞淋巴瘤（mant lecell lymphoma ,MCL ）是一种少见的B 细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL ）类型,兼具有惰性淋巴瘤和侵袭性淋巴瘤的临床病理特点。目前MCL 的临床治疗仍然是以全身化疗为主,含有阿糖胞苷的强诱导化疗,随后行自体造血干细胞移植（autologous stem cell transplantation,Auto-HSCT ）巩固,可以显著延长生存期,但MCL 仍然属于不可治愈的淋巴瘤类型。近年来,随着对MCL 发病机制的深入研究,更多的新药如Btk抑制剂、PI 3K 抑制剂、免疫调节剂等在MCL 中得到应用。初治、复发难治MCL 都具有更多的治疗选择,如何将新药和现有的化疗更为有机的结合,更好的改善MCL 患者的生存期是未来研究的重点。     

Post-treatment (not interim) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan status is highly predictive of outcome in mantle cell lymphoma patients treated with R-HyperCVAD

BACKGROUND:

Although convincing data exist regarding the prognostic utility of positron emission tomographic (PET)‐computed tomographic (CT) imaging in Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, its prognostic utility both during treatment and immediately after treatment have not been systematically evaluated in a large mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patient cohort to support its use in clinical practice.

METHODS:

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the prognostic utility of PET‐CT imaging in a uniform MCL patient cohort undergoing dose‐intensive chemotherapy (R‐HyCVAD) in the frontline setting. The primary study endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PET‐CT images were centrally reviewed for the purposes of this study using standardized response criteria.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐three patients with advanced stage MCL with PET‐CT data were identified. With median follow‐up of 32 months, 3‐year PFS and OS estimates were 76% (95% confidence interval [CI], 64%‐84%) and 84% (95% CI, 72%‐90%), respectively. Interim PET‐CT status was not associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.9; 95% CI, 0.3‐2.7; P = .8) or OS (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1‐2.9; P = .5). Post‐treatment PET‐CT status was statistically significantly associated with PFS (HR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.0‐13.6; P = .001) and trended toward significant for OS (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 0.8‐9.6; P = .07).

CONCLUSIONS:

These data do not support the prognostic utility of PET‐CT in pretreatment and interim treatment settings. A positive PET‐CT after the completion of therapy identifies a patient subset with an inferior PFS and a trend toward inferior OS. Cancer 2012;3565–3570. © 2011 American Cancer Society.     

套细胞淋巴瘤的诊治进展

套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)是一组以t(11;14)和细胞周期蛋白D1阳性(cyclinD1 )过度表达为特征的侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL),约占NHL发病的5%~8%,预后差,近期通过比较基因组杂交(CGH),基因芯片和蛋白质组分析等研究MCL取得令人关注的进展。化疗 利妥昔治疗使治疗有效率较前明显提高,异体或自体干细胞移植亦使MCL的预后大为改善,新的治疗方案如蛋白酶体抑制剂硼替佐米(borte-zomib),反应停 利妥昔,细胞周期依赖激酶抑制剂(flavopridol)及哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)抑制剂CCI-779等的疗效令人鼓舞。     

Radiotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma: A literature review

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell malignancy, comprising between 3% and 10% of all adult-onset non-Hodgkin lymphomas. MCL is considered incurable with current treatment modalities and most patients require multiple lines of treatment during their lifetime. MCL is very sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), even when delivered in low doses. In limited-stage MCL, RT can enable the de-escalation of systemic therapy. RT monotherapy is a valid option for frail patients. In advanced-stage disease, RT is very potent mode of palliation, even in heavily pretreated and chemo-resistant patients. Furthermore, it can provide a respite during which systemic treatment is unnecessary. In general, RT has a favorable toxicity profile and can be repeated as necessary for local relapse or distant disease. This effective, safe, and relatively inexpensive modality of therapy has been underutilized for patients with MCL. In this review, we will outline the use of RT for limited and advanced-stage disease and its potential application in combination with novel drugs.     

An overlapping case of in situ mantle cell neoplasia and leukemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma

In situ mantle cell neoplasia (isMCN) and leukemic non-nodal mantle cell lymphoma (nnMCL) are classified as an indolent subtype of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The tumor cells of isMCN are restricted to the inner layer of the lymphoid tissue mantle zone, exhibiting an in situ pattern histologically. On the other hand, nnMCL is distributed in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and sometimes the spleen, but lymphadenopathy or systemic organ involvement is rare. We report a case of isMCN in a submandibular lymph node resected from a 65-year-old Japanese male. The tumor cells were positive for cyclin D1 (CCND1) and SOX11 expression, and were restricted to the mantle zone area of the lymph node. However, tumor cells were also detected in the stomach mucosa, bone marrow tissue and peripheral blood, suggesting nnMCL. isMCN and nnMCL may have a partly overlapping disease spectrum, although the correlation between these two subtypes has not been well described. This present case demonstrated characteristics overlapping between isMCN and nnMCL.     

miR-150在套细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义

  目的   探讨套细胞淋巴瘤（mantle cell lymphoma,MCL）中miR-150的表达情况及其临床意义。   方法   通过定量RT-PCR检测29例初治MCL患者及7例正常人外周血B细胞中miR-150和c-Myc的表达水平,探索miR-150和c-Myc表达之间的关系;利用RNAi阻断MCL细胞系Mino和HBL-2中c-Myc表达后,检测miR-150的变化,确定c-Myc是否参与miR-150的表达调控;抑制P493-6细胞表达c-Myc后,观察miR-150的变化,进一步明确miR-150是否受c-Myc调节;将pre-miR-150电转HBL-2细胞系,通过集落形成试验明确miR-150对细胞增殖的影响,Western blot检测c-Myb蛋白的变化。   结果   与正常人外周血B细胞相比,MCL患者低表达miR-150、过表达c-Myc,两者的表达呈负相关;阻断c-Myc后,Mino和HBL-2细胞的miR-150表达增加;抑制c-Myc表达后,P493-6细胞的miR-150表达增高;过表达miR-150后,HBL-2的c-Myb蛋白表达水平和集落形成能力下降。   结论   MCL患者低表达miR-150的原因可能与其c-Myc过表达有关。miR-150能够抑制MCL的增殖,在MCL的治疗中具有潜在价值。      

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the management of Hodgkin and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An update

¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is now an integral part of lymphoma staging and management. Because of its greater accuracy compared with CT alone, PET/CT is currently routinely performed for staging and for response assessment at the end of treatment in the vast majority of FDG-avid lymphomas and is the cornerstone of response classification for these lymphomas according to the Lugano classification. Interim PET/CT, typically performed after 2 to 4 of 6 to 8 chemotherapy/chemoimmunotherapy cycles with or without radiation, is commonly performed for prognostication and potential treatment escalation or de-escalation early in the course of therapy, a concept known as response-adapted or risk-adapted treatment. Quantitative PET is an area of growing interest. Metrics, such as the standardized uptake value, changes (Δ) in the standardized uptake value, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion glycolysis, are being investigated as more reproducible and potentially more accurate predictors of response and prognosis. Despite the progress made in standardizing the use of PET/CT in lymphoma, challenges remain, particularly with respect to its limited positive predictive value, emphasizing the need for more specific molecular probes. This review highlights the most relevant applications of PET/CT in Hodgkin and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its strengths and limitations, as well as recent efforts at implementing PET/CT-based metrics as promising tools for precision medicine.     

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have in general, lower response rates and overall survival (OS) than those with other B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in MCL is unclear. Hence we decided to study the clinical course of patients who received autologous and allogeneic HSCT for MCL. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients, (80 patients-autologous; 17 patients-allogeneic) who received a HSCT for mantle cell lymphoma were included in the study. RESULTS: The complete response rates at day 100 between the two groups were similar (73% vs. 62%). Day-100 mortality was higher in the allogeneic HSCT group (19% vs. 0%) (P < 0.01). The estimated 5-year relapse rates, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and 5-year OS among the allogeneic HSCT patients were 21%, 44% and 49%, respectively, similar to 56%, 39% and 47% in the autologous group. Ten patients received HyperCVAD (hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone + high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine) +/- rituximab prior to transplant. There have been no relapses or deaths amongst these patients at a median follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with allogeneic HSCT had a lower relapse rate, but similar EFS and OS to autologous HSCT. Treatment of MCL with HyperCVAD +/- rituximab followed by HSCT seems promising.     

Novel targeted therapies for mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy characterized by short median survival despite intensive therapies. The clinical behavior of MCL may be due to the complex pathophysiology of the disease which includes its genetic hallmark, the chromosomal translocation t(11;14) resulting in aberrant expression of cyclin D1, alteration in the DNA damage response, and constitutive activation of key anti-apoptotic pathways such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). Collectively, these changes result in cell cycle dysregulation and give rise to profound genetic instability. Given this complex pathophysiology, the limited number of options for patients with relapsed/refractory MCL, and the difficulty in achieving long-lasting remissions with conventional approaches, it is essential to explore new treatment options targeting the numerous dysregulated pathways that are operable in MCL. We have recently reported that milatuzumab, a fully humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody (mAb), in combination with anti-CD20 mAbs has significant preclinical and clinical activity in MCL. Here we discuss these results, provide additional insights into milatuzumab-mediated MCL cell death, and report preliminary data on the activity of other targeted biologic agents including PCI-32765 and CAL-101 currently undergoing evaluation at our institution and others.