II. Risk factors for crown fractures of permanent incisors in children from Plovdiv

AIM: The present study considers gender, age, overjet and lip competence as risk factors for children to sustain crown fractures to their permanent incisors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 2572 children aged 7-11 years were included in the epidemiological study. They were randomly recruited from the schools in Plovdiv. A modified WHO classification for reporting crown fractures was used. The examiners collected data about children's age, gender, and age at sustaining the trauma; the overjet size was measured and the lip competence assessed. The obtained information was entered into a specially designed statistical proforma. The incisor overjet, lip competence, gender, age, and age at sustaining the fracture were encoded as variables as follows: overjet: 1 = normal (< 3 mm), 2 = increased (3-5 mm), 3 = highly increased (> 5mm); lip competence: 1 = adequate lip competence, 2 = lip incompetence; gender: 1 = male, 2 = female; fractures: 0 = no evidence of fractures, 1 = presence of fractures. On the basis of the obtained regression coefficients we developed a logistic regression model to determine the likelihood of sustaining crown fractures to the incisors. RESULTS: The results clearly suggest that boys are twice more likely to sustain crown fractures of the incisors. The calculated ratio of boys to girls affected by crown fractures of incisors was 1.79:1 (odds ratio = 1.88). The greatest number of children with crown fractures of incisors were in the age range of 7-9 years (86.10 +/- 2.32%). These data suggest that there is a greater risk of experiencing crown fractures of the permanent incisors when the overjet exceeds 3 mm. The children with inadequate lip coverage were statistically significantly more at risk of sustaining crown fracture of the incisors in comparison with the children with normal lip competence (P < 0.001, chi2 = 122.54). CONCLUSIONS: Children with inadequate lip coverage and overjet greater than 3 mm are significantly more at risk of sustaining crown fracture of the incisors. Boys are twice more likely to experience incisor crown fracture. The age period between 7 and 9 years is the most risky for fractures.     

Associations of birth weight and length, childhood size, and smoking with bone fractures during growth: evidence from a birth cohort study

Little information exists on risk factors associated with bone fractures during childhood and adolescence. This 1972/1973-1990/1991 New Zealand study examined the influence of birth size, height and weight throughout growth, smoking, breastfeeding, and sports participation on the risk of fracture in participants of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Information on height, weight, fracture status, and lifestyle was collected at birth and at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 18 years from parents and/or participants. Study members sustained 229 (girls) and 393 (boys) fractures between birth and age 18 years. Fracture risk was elevated (per standard deviation unit increase) in relation to birth length (prepubertal fractures only) (risk ratio (RR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.58), weight at age 3 years (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), weight from ages 5 to 18 years (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.28), height at age 3 years (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.26), and height from ages 5 to 18 years (RR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.24). Birth weight, maternal smoking, breastfeeding, and sports participation had no significant effect on fracture risk. However, for teenagers, personal daily smoking increased the risk of fracture (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.95). The authors concluded that tall and heavy children had an increased risk of fracture, as did adolescents who smoked regularly.     

粤北农村贫困山区7~16岁学生骨强度发育状况

了解粤北农村贫困山区7~16岁学生骨强度发育状况,为儿童青少年骨质疏松的预防提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,选取粤北农村贫困山区7~ 16岁的951名学生进行超声骨强度测试.结果 男、女生桡骨中段超声传播速度值(SOS)都随着年龄的增长而增加,男生在14~ 16岁期间增长速度较快(3 784.25~3 891.21 m/s),其中16岁组>15岁组>14岁组>13岁组,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).女生SOS值在12~15岁期间增长速度较快(3 730.81~3908.21 m/s),15岁以后增长缓慢,其中15岁组>14岁组>13岁组>12岁组(P值均<0.05).男生在7~8岁期间,SOS值高于同年龄段的女生;在13~15岁期间,女生SOS值均高于同年龄段男生(P值均<0.05).学生整体骨强度水平较差,骨强度处于正常水平的男女生比例分别为56.31%和56.20%,不足的比例分别为11.99%和9.50%;男生14岁时骨强度异常构成比最高(29.20%),女生13岁时骨强度异常构成比最高(22.73%);不同性别骨强度评价构成比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 儿童青少年骨强度随着年龄的增长而增加,不同年龄段骨量发育速度不同;农村贫困山区学生整体骨强度评价水平不高并且无性别差异,要时刻关注儿童青少年尤其是处于13~ 14岁学生骨强度的发育状况.     

Parent characteristics associated with approval of their children drinking alcohol from ages 13 to 16 years: prospective cohort study

Objective: We investigated parent sociodemographic and drinking characteristics in relation to whether they approved of their children drinking at ages 13, 14, 15 and 16 years. Methods: We collected data annually from 2010–2014, in which 1,927 parent–child dyads, comprising school students (mean age 12.9 years at baseline) and one of their parents, participated. Our operational definition of parental approval of children drinking was based on the behaviour of parents in pre‐specified contexts, reported by children. We measured parents’ drinking with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) scale and performed logistic regression to estimate associations between exposures and each wave of outcomes. Results: Parents’ approval of their children's drinking increased from 4.6% at age 13 years to 13% at age 16 years and was more common in parents of daughters than parents of sons (OR 1.62; 95%CI: 1.23 to 2.12). Parents in low‐income families (OR 2.67; 1.73 to 4.12), single parents (OR 1.62; 1.17 to 2.25), parents with less than a higher school certificate (OR 1.54; 1.07 to 2.22), and parents who drank more heavily (OR 1.17; 1.09 to 1.25) were more likely to approve of their child drinking. Conclusions: Socially disadvantaged parents were more likely to approve of their children drinking alcohol. Implications for public health: The findings identify high‐risk groups in the population and may help explain the socioeconomic gradients in alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality seen in many countries.     

Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen (1–17 Jahre) und Umsetzung von persönlichen Schutzmaßnahmen

Parent interviews with regard to their children's accidents and to accident protective measures in the Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) aimed at extending our knowledge of age- and gender-specific injuries and to identify risk groups and risk factors for injury prevention. The parents of 16,706 children (aged 1-17 years) were asked about their children's injuries within the last 12 months which were medically treated, and about accident mechanisms, consequences of injuries, and ambulatory and hospital treatment. In addition, parents and children aged 11 to 17 years (n = 6813) were asked to give information on protective measures. According to the parents 15.9 % of the children had at least one injury within the last 12 months, 15.2 % because of an accident and 0.8 % because of assault. In the age group 1-17 boys have been injured significantly more often than girls (17.9 % vs. 14,0 %). Overall, 13.3 % of 2,410 injured children and adolescents were hospitalized. Two thirds of the accidents among toddlers were domestic accidents (60 %) whereas leisure and sport accidents were most prevalent in children and adolescents aged 5-14 years and 15-17 years (32.1 % and 38.9 %). The proportion of accidents in child care facilities and educational institutions tripled from infancy to school age (age 5-14 years) (10.9-28.7 %), as did traffic accidents (5.6-16.7 %). The three most frequent injury mechanisms in the age range 1-17 years were falls on level ground (35.2 %), falls from heights (25.2 %) and collisions with objects or persons (20.6 %). Falls from heights showed the highest risk in toddlers (35.8 %). Contusions, sprains and strains increased to a highest level of 50.9 % in adolescents; likewise, bone fractures increased from 10.7 % in toddlers to 21.8 % in adolescents aged 15-17 years. An influence of socioeconomic status on injuries overall and on consequences of injuries was not seen. For traffic accidents in children aged 1-17 years boys (p = 0.019) and girls (p = 0.047) from families with lower socioeconomic status showed higher rates of accidents than children from families with higher socioeconomic status. The application of protective measures was lowest in the age group 14-17 years. While according to the parents about 90 % of children aged 3-4 years wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or when skating, this quote was lower in the age group 5-14 (60 %) and dropped to about 15 % in the age group 14-17 (about 15 %). Also the rate for using protective clothes was lowest in age group 14-17 (boys 41.8 %; girls 52.2 %). In children and adolescents the rate of self-reported helmet use is lower than estimated by their parents. In all age groups migration background and low socioeconomic status were associated with lower use of protective measures (helmets and protective clothes). The age related data analysis should be the starting point in prevention measures for specific risk groups considering migration and socioeconomic status. Prevention activities in traffic should focus on families with low social status. Adolescents should be specifically and adequately addressed regarding the benefits of certain safety measures when riding a bicycle and when skating.     

I. Prevalence of crown fractures of permanent incisors in schoolchildren aged 7-11 years from Plovdiv

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of crown fractures of permanent incisors in schoolchildren aged 7-11 years from the town of Plovdiv. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present study included 2572 children (1287 boys and 1285 girls) at the age of 7 to 11 years from Plovdiv. A modification of the WHO classification for reporting crown fractures was used. Examinations were performed only of the upper and lower incisors, in the classrooms at daylight. Treatments of the fractured teeth after the trauma were also registered. The results were analysed statistically by calculating the chi-square to determine if there was any significant difference between the variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of crown fractures of permanent teeth in children aged 7-11 years from Plovdiv was 8.67 +/- 0.55%. The crown fracture prevalence in boys was significantly higher than that in the girls for all examined children. Most of the children had only one fractured tooth (82.96 +/- 2.52%). The prevalence of the incisor crown fractures by teeth was 1.28 +/- 0.08%. The greatest number of fractured teeth were located in the maxilla (88.20 +/- 1.99%). Most often the fractures involved only the enamel or the enamel and dentine while complicated crown fractures with pulpal exposure were found in 5.32 +/- 1.38%. Most of the fractured teeth were left untreated (84.79 +/- 2.40%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of permanent incisor crown fractures in children aged 7-11 years from Plovdiv was 8.67 +/- 0.55%; and by teeth--1.28 +/- 0.08%. Children with only one fractured tooth were the greatest part of all injured children in the study. There were significantly more maxillary teeth fractures, with predominance of uncomplicated crown fractures in the permanent teeth. Treated fractured teeth were very few. Treatment was needed for 78.92 +/- 2.73% of all registered fractured incisors.     

精神障碍患儿住院临床资料分析

目的:回顾性研究我院精神障碍患儿患病类型及分布特点。方法:对2014年6月—2019年6月期间于我院住院治疗的1280例精神障碍患儿性别、年龄和精神障碍类型等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:1280例精神障碍患儿中,单一疾病448人,共病832人,其中共病多为三种精神障碍共病,占总数30.39%;精神障碍发病率总体上4~8岁年龄段>9~13岁年龄段>14~18岁年龄段(P<0.05),其中ASD+焦虑障碍、ASD+焦虑障碍+抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍+抑郁障碍多见于4~8岁年龄段,ADHA+ASD+睡眠障碍、TS+OCD+ADHD多见于9~13岁年龄段,ADHD+OCD多见于14~18岁年龄段,每种疾病类型各年龄段之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:儿童精神障碍发病趋于低龄化,精神障碍疾病在儿童中多以共病形式存在,各年龄段呈现不同精神障碍类型分布。     

Injections given in healthcare settings as a major source of acute hepatitis B in Moldova.

BACKGROUND: Reported rates of acute hepatitis B are high in many former Soviet Union republics and modes of transmission are not well defined. METHODS: Two case-control studies were undertaken in Moldova to identify risk factors for acute hepatitis B in people aged 2-15 years (children) and > or =15 years (adults). Serologically confirmed acute hepatitis B cases occurring between 1 January 1994 and 30 August 30 1995, were matched on age, sex, and district of residence to three potential controls who were tested for hepatitis B markers to exclude the immune. Stratified odds ratios (SOR) were calculated using bivariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, compared with the 175 controls, the 70 adult cases (mean age 25 years, 66% male) were more likely to report receiving injections in the 6 months before illness during a dental visit (SOR = 21; 95% CI: 3.7-120), a hospital visit (SOR = 35; 95% CI: 7.2-170), or a visit to the polyclinic (SOR = 13; 95% CI: 2.4-74). Among children, receiving injections during a hospital visit (SOR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.2-23) was the only exposure reported significantly more often by the 19 cases (mean age 8 years, 68% male) compared with the 81 controls. CONCLUSION: These results, along with reported unsafe injection practices in Moldova, suggest that injections are a major source of hepatitis B virus transmission and highlight the importance of proper infection-control procedures in preventing transmission of blood-borne infections.     

Public hospital emergency department visits due to burns in Brazil, 2009

The objective was to analyze the characteristics of burn injuries treated in emergency departments (ED) and associated factors. This was a cross-sectional study of 761 ED visits collected through the National Injury Surveillance System in 2009. The majority of patients were males (58.6%), and the most prevalent age brackets were 30-49 years (23.1%) and 0-4 years (23%). Most burns occurred at home (62.1%), especially among females and children, and in commerce/services/industry/construction (19.1%), mainly among males 20-49 years. Work-related burns comprised 29.1% of the overall sample. Alcohol use prior to the injury was reported in 5.1% of cases. Causal agents across all age brackets were: contact with hot substances (43.6%) and exposure to fire and flames (24.2%); among the economically productive age groups, association with chemicals substances was common. Burns in children 0-14 years were associated with injuries at home, contact with heat and hot substances, and subsequent hospitalization; burns in the 15-49-year bracket were associated with exposure to fire/flames and electrical current, injuries occurring in public places, and outpatient treatment and discharge. The study highlights the importance of burn prevention strategies targeting children and workers.     

Pustular psoriasis in childhood in 15 cases

Psoriasis is a common, chronic and recurrent, inflammatory disease of the skin. Children were affected in 30% of cases. Severe form can be observed: pustular psoriasis (PP), psoriatic arthropathy and erythrodermic psoriasis. There were 15 children with PP, with an age range of 1-15.5 years, (mean age 7.56 years). Psoriasis constituted 5% of the total dermatological disorders in children. The severe forms of psoriasis were rare in children Annular PP was the most common form of PP in children. Juvenile PP had generally better prognostic than in adults, but the evolution is characterized by recurrences.     

中国10省(市)2009－2014年15岁以下儿童流感确诊住院病例严重急性呼吸道感染临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨我国<15岁儿童流感确诊病例严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)临床特征及感染危险因素。方法 分析10省市2009年12月至2014年6月SARI哨点监测系统纳入的<15岁儿童流感实验室确诊住院病例。通过调查表收集病例人口学、既往疾病史、临床症状和体征、治疗和结局等信息,描述临床特征及流感感染危险因素。结果 纳入的2 937例儿童SARI住院病例中,190例(6.5%)为流感确诊病例。流感确诊病例中,男性123例(64.7%),<5岁儿童139例(73.2%),年龄M=3.0(IQR:1.0～5.0)岁。20例(10.5%)至少有一种慢性基础性疾病,其中慢性心血管疾病(3.2%)、免疫抑制性疾病(3.2%)和肿瘤(2.6%)最常见。发热(92.6%)和咳嗽(88.8%)是最常见的临床症状,肺部听诊异常(51.1%)和X线表现肺部异常(36.1%)是最常见的临床体征。29例(15.8%)出现并发症,以肺炎(15.3%)为最常见的并发症。16例(8.6%)服用抗病毒药物,4例(2.2%)收入ICU治疗。危险因素分析提示,<6月龄是流感病毒感染的保护因素(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.203～0.815),5～9岁是流感病毒感染的危险因素(OR=2.535,95%CI:1.059～6.066)。结论 流感确诊病例主要集中在<5岁儿童,不同年龄组病例感染流感病毒的风险存在差异。     

Obesity in asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands--the use of national reference charts

BACKGROUND: Growth assessment can be used to monitor health at individual and population level. For asylum seekers' children with different geographic backgrounds, growth reference values are frequently not available. We assessed nutritional condition and growth of asylum seekers' children upon arrival and follow-up in The Netherlands, using national growth charts, and related these parameters to geographic origin. METHODS: Height and weight of 135 children originating from Africa (n=47), Central Asia (n=41), and Eastern Europe (n=47), were assessed longitudinally (median follow-up 3 years, range 1-8 years). Body-mass-index (BMI) was calculated, and overweight and obesity were defined according the international BMI cut-off values for age and gender. RESULTS: Upon arrival at a median age of 4.5 years (range 0-11.5 years), 13% of the children were small for age (below -2 SD of the Dutch height for age reference), which decreased to 5% during follow-up (P<0.05). During follow-up, 90% of the height measurements in boys and 85% in girls were within the normal range (+/-2 SD) of the Dutch references. The proportion of children with overweight including obesity increased from 15% at arrival to 21% during follow-up (P<0.05). Irrespective of age, children originating from Africa were taller than children from Central Asia or Eastern Europe at follow up (P<0.05). Overweight and obesity was most prominent among children of Eastern Europe. CONCLUSION: Dutch national reference values allow monitoring growth and the development of overweight or obesity in asylum seekers' children in The Netherlands. Prevention strategies to reduce the development of overweight and obesity among these children seem warranted.     

Clinico-epidemiological features of monkeypox patients with an animal or human source of infection

Clinical and laboratory examinations were carried out on a total of 338 monkeypox patients in Zaire from 1981 to 1986. An animal source of infection was suspected in 245 (72%) and interhuman transmission for the remaining 93 patients. Among those whose infection was presumably acquired from an animal source, the most affected groups were children aged 3-4 years (27%) and 5-6 years (20%), while only 4% of cases were over 15 years old; there was a considerable preponderance of males (58%) over females (42%), especially in the age group 5-14 years. Among those presumably infected by person-to-person transmission, the age distribution was more uniform, adult patients tending to be relatively more common, and there were more females (57%) than males (43%).     

Children and medicines: self-treatment of common illnesses among Luo schoolchildren in western Kenya

In a rural area of western Kenya, primary schoolchildren's health seeking behaviour in response to common illnesses was investigated. 57 primary schoolchildren (age 11-17 years, median 13 years) were interviewed weekly about their health status and health seeking activities for 30 weeks. The children each experienced on average 25 illness episodes during this period. Most episodes could be categorised into 4 groups: 'cold', 'headache', 'abdominal complaints' and 'injuries'. One fifth (21%) of the illness episodes were serious enough to keep the children from school. In 28% of them, an adult was consulted, while 72% were not reported to an adult caretaker. Of the episodes without adult involvement, 81% remained untreated, while 19% were treated by the children themselves with either herbal or Western medicines. Of all the medicines taken by the children, two thirds were provided or facilitated by adults (assisted treatment) and one third taken by the children themselves without adult involvement (self-treatment). Among boys, the proportion of illnesses, which were self-treated increased with age from 12% in the youngest age group (< 13 years) to 34% in the oldest (> 14 years). In girls, the proportion of illnesses which were self-treated was consistently lower than among boys and remained constant around 9% for all age groups. The proportion of Western pharmaceuticals used for self-treatment increased with age from 44% in the youngest age group to 63% in the oldest (average 52% Western pharmaceuticals). Again, there were differences between boys and girls: among the youngest age group, boys were twice as likely to use pharmaceuticals than girls (62 versus 32% of the self-treatments, respectively) and in the oldest age group they were nearly three times more likely (75 versus 25%, respectively). These differences in self-treatment practices and choice of medicines between girls and boys may reflect the higher income potential of boys, who can earn money by fishing. Pharmaceuticals were generally preferred for the treatment of headache and fevers, or colds, while herbal remedies were the preferred choice for the treatment of abdominal complaints and wounds. The most commonly used pharmaceuticals were antimalarials (mainly chloroquine), painkillers and antipyretics (mainly aspirin and paracetamol), which were stocked in most small shops in the village at low prices and readily sold to children. Throughout primary school age Kenyan children are growing into a pluralistic medical practice, integrating Western pharmaceuticals into the local herbal medical system, and gradually become autonomous agents in their health care.     

An audit of sports injuries in children attending an Accident & Emergency department

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of attendance, type of injury, sport involved and management of sports injuries in children attending an Accident & Emergency (A&E) department. METHOD: Children, aged between 5-16 years, presenting with an injury related to sport, were studied over a period of three months. RESULTS: 1858 children attended the A&E department during the three month period. 238 (12.8%) were classified as sports injuries. Boys (71%) were injured more frequently than girls (29%). Injury rates in boys peaked at 14 years whereas in girls a peak occurred earlier at 12 years. Football was the most common sport implicated in injuries (39%). Rollerblading (14%), Rugby (8%), Basketball (7%) and Physical Education at school (7%) were the next most frequently involved sports. Soft tissue injuries dominated (61%). The upper limb was the most common anatomical area injured (46%). Other injuries involved the lower limb (36%), head and neck (15%) and the trunk (3%). Injuries to the wrist were the most frequent presentation accounting for 30 fractures and 30 soft tissue injuries (25%). The majority of children were discharged from the A&E department after treatment (71%). 26% were reviewed at out-patient clinics and 3% required hospital admission. No children were referred for physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Children participate in sport and can be injured. The majority of sports injuries presenting to an A&E department appear to be of a minor nature and could be managed with simple first aid techniques by parents, teachers and coaches at the scene or by attending primary care in the first instance. Supervision of children, participation in organised sport and the use of protection devices may help to prevent serious injury.     

儿童超重和肥胖与骨龄发育的相关性研究

目的 分析骨龄与年龄的差值(BAD)在不同年龄儿童的分布特点,探讨超重和肥胖儿童骨龄发育异常的相关性。方法 对2010年1月-2020年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院保健门诊体检的21 699名6~18岁儿童进行体格评价和中国人手腕骨发育标准(CHN)法骨龄评估。以WHO推荐的界值点将体重指数(BMI)分为正常组、超重组和肥胖组。比较BAD在不同年龄不同营养状况儿童的分布特点,探讨超重肥胖儿童骨龄提前的关键时点。结果 就诊儿童以6～12岁学龄期儿童为主。男童占48.6%,女童占51.4%。正常、超重和肥胖儿童BAD>1的检出率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(χ²=1 703.70,P<0.05),超重及肥胖组儿童BAD均值在多个年龄均大于正常组,6~11岁肥胖男童及6~10岁肥胖女童BAD均值>1。肥胖男童在6～12岁与13～15岁组之间BAD差异有统计学意义(t=9.47,P<0.05),且6~12岁肥胖组男童BAD均值>1。超重及肥胖女童在6～12岁与13～15岁组间BAD差异均有统计学意义(t=9.695、13.118,P<0.05),且6~12岁超重及肥胖组BAD均值>1。结论 6～12岁儿童的BAD明显大于13～15岁儿童,且超重和肥胖儿童的BAD明显大于正常儿童,说明超重和肥胖儿童骨龄加速在6～12岁就已开始,骨龄提前对儿童正常的生长发育及终身高的影响较大,应引起重视并给予干预。     

2000-2006年中华骨髓库等待造血干细胞移植白血病患者的人口学及临床分布特征

目的 研究2000-2006年中华骨髓库中等待造血干细胞移植的白血病患者的分布特征和规律,为白血病的预防、干预提供科学依据.方法 采用Microsoft SQL 2005数据库操作平台对3708例中国籍汉族白血病患者数据,分组计算患者年龄、性别、地区等分布曲线,并采用X2 检验方法 比较其分布差异.结果 2000-2006年间,中华骨髓库中3708例白血病患者,年龄范围7个月至69岁,中位年龄为24.5岁,标准差为±6.7岁;男女患者总体比值1.95:1(2451/1257);慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)患者1435例,急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)患者1202例,急性非淋巴细胞自血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)患者1066例,慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphoblastie leukemia,CLL)患者5例,以CML最为多见;自血病患者的分布高峰值在15～岁至30～岁年龄组,15～岁年龄组542例,20～岁年龄组559例,25～岁年龄组514例,30～岁年龄组522例;20～岁以下年龄组(儿童组),其中ALL占49.36%(613/1242),AML占27.78%(245/1242),CML占22.78%(283/1242),CLL占0.08%(1/1242),以ALL患者构成比居多;白血病患者在我国30个地区的分布构成不均一,最低0例,最高494例,中位数101例.结论 2000-2006年间,中华骨髓库中等待造血干细胞移植的白血病患者构成以儿童和青少年为主,男性高于女性,儿童白血病分类以ALL为主,应加强这一群体的健康教育和白血病防治工作.等待造血干细胞移植的白血病患者在各地区分布不均一,江苏、广东、浙江和山东地区患者有较高的分布格局.