乳腺颗粒剂催乳作用的实验研究

目的：探讨乳泉颗粒剂的催乳作用。方法：用左旋多巴（l-dopa)建立母鼠产生乳汁分泌不足的模型,观察不同剂乳泉颗粒剂对哺乳期母鼠体重,泌乳量和血清催乳素的影响,以及对仔鼠生长的作用。结果：大鼠ig给予乳泉颗粒剂5.56g/kg能明显增加母鼠的泌乳量,显著促进母鼠的生长,也有促进仔鼠生长的趋势,同时还能提高母乳血清催乳素的含量。结论：乳泉颗粒剂对造模母鼠显示了明显的催乳作用。     

苦参碱抗心律失常作用的实验研究

[目的 ]观察苦参碱 (Matrine ,MT)的抗心律失常作用。 [方法 ]通过分别静脉注射乌头碱、氯化钡、氯化钙 -乙酰胆碱混合液的方法制备大鼠心律失常模型。 [结果 ]MT15× 10 - 6 ,30× 10 - 6 能明显对抗乌头碱 2 0× 10 - 9,Bacl2 2× 10 - 6 和结扎左冠状动脉前降支诱发的大鼠室性心律失常。MT也能明显对抗CCL -Ach (CCL 0 .6 % +Ach 0 .0 0 2 5 % )混合液 10ml/kg诱发小鼠心房纤颤或扑动。大鼠心电图试验证明MT有负性频率作用 ,负性传导作用。这些作用可能是MT抗心律失常作用的药理学基础。 [结论 ]苦参碱对大鼠有明显的抗心律失常作用。     

猪蹄黄芪通草汤对产后小鼠血清激素含量的影响

目的：探索民间验方猪蹄黄芪通草汤治疗产后缺乳的疗效机制。方法：采用猪蹄黄芪通草汤灌胃干预产后小鼠，通过与对照组比较，观察该方对产后小鼠血清雌激素E2和催乳素PRL含量、母鼠和仔鼠体重的影响，初步分析其催乳效果及部分机制。结果：猪蹄黄芪通草汤一定剂量组实验母鼠血清E2和PRL含量较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）、给药大剂量组母鼠的仔鼠体重明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论：提高产后母鼠血清E2和PRL含量可能猪蹄黄芪通草汤治疗产后缺乳的机制之一。     

增乳保育膏促进泌乳的实验研究

以仔鼠体重增长、吮乳量为指标，观察增乳保育膏促泌乳作用，并观察对小鼠授乳鼠血清催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平和乳腺组织结构的影响。结果表明，增乳保育膏可通过小鼠或大鼠母鼠显著增加小鼠仔鼠体重或大鼠仔鼠吮乳量，表明该药具有促进泌乳作用；放免测定表明该药可显著提高小鼠授乳鼠血清ＰＲＬ水平，提示促进ＰＲＬ分泌可能是其促泌乳作用机理或机理之一；光镜下观察到用药母鼠乳腺腺泡高柱状上皮细胞增多。     

增乳保育膏促进泌乳的实验研究

以仔鼠体重增长、吮乳量为指标，观察增乳保育膏促泌乳作用，并观察对小鼠授乳鼠血清催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平和乳腺组织结构的影响。结果表明，增乳保育膏可通过大鼠或大鼠母鼠显著增加小鼠仔鼠体重或大鼠仔鼠吮乳量，表明该药具有促进泌乳作用；放免测定表明该药可显著提高小鼠授乳鼠血清ＰＲＬ水平，提示促进ＰＲＬ分泌可能是其促泌乳作用机理或机理之一；光镜下观察到用药母鼠乳腺腺泡高柱状上皮细胞增多。     

杵针对剖宫产产妇缺乳症状及血清泌乳素的影响

探讨杵针对剖宫产产妇缺乳症状及血清泌乳素的影响。方法 选取2020 年8月~2021年2月在成都中医药大学附属医院住院的123例剖宫产缺乳产妇，按照区组随机分组分为观察组61例，对照组62例。对照组实施剖宫产缺乳常规治疗，做好哺乳指导，促乳干预。观察组在对照组的基础上辨证实施杵针技术。每日一次，连续干预 5 d，采用重复测量方差分析比较干预前及干预第1、2、3、4、5天后患者的泌乳量、乳房充盈度、乳汁淤积程度、乳汁粘稠度评分。比较干预前后两组产妇的血清泌乳素。结果 不同时间点的泌乳量评分组间比较：干预前2天观察组与对照组相比无差异统计学意义（P＞0.05），第3天起组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同时间点乳房充盈度评分的组间比较：干预前1天观察组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），第2天起组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同时间点的乳汁淤积度评分组间比较：干预的前2天观察组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），第3天起组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同时间点的乳汁黏稠度评分组间比较：干预前3天观察组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），第4天起组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组的泌乳量、乳房充盈度、乳汁淤积程度、乳汁粘稠度评分四项指标的组间效应、时间效应及组间与时间的交互效应均有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。干预后观察组血清泌乳素高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 杵针可提高剖宫产后缺乳产妇的泌乳量，增加乳房充盈度，改善乳汁淤积程度，增加乳汁粘稠度，促进血清泌乳素分泌。     

胸背部平衡松解术治疗产后缺乳的效果

目的 观察胸背部平衡松解术对产后缺乳的临床疗效.方法 将96例产后缺乳患者随机分为观察组和对照组各48例,观察组采用胸背部平衡松解术治疗,对照组依照常法操作,通过泌乳量、乳房疼痛VAS评分、血清泌乳素及整体疗效4个指标来观察产后缺乳病征改善情况.结果 1个疗程治疗后,观察组泌乳量显著多于对照组且观察组泌乳量随治疗次数增加而明显增加,乳房疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组,血清泌乳素(PRL)浓度也显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组治愈12例、好转23例、未愈13例,总有效率72.92%,观察组治愈30例、好转12例、未愈6例,总有效率87.50%,观察组总体疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 胸背部平衡松解术对产后缺乳具有良好的疗效,从神经内分泌反射、体态以及中医整体观和辨证论治的角度治疗,为产后缺乳治疗提供了新思路.     

“姜醋”对产后缺乳大鼠的治疗作用

目的:探讨“姜醋”对溴隐亭诱发缺乳大鼠的治疗作用.方法:观察“姜醋”对溴隐亭诱发大鼠缺乳模型仔鼠体重、母鼠泌乳量、血清催乳素水平及乳腺组织的影响.结果:(1)给药第1、2、3周,仔鼠体重在通乳颗粒组及“姜醋”高、中、低剂量组较空白对照组明显降低,较模型组有所升高,但无显著性差异；(2)给药第1、2、3周母鼠泌乳量在通乳颗粒组及“姜醋”高剂量组较模型组明显升高,给药第2、3周在“姜醋”中剂量组较模型组明显升高.(3)给药第1、2、3周,母鼠血清催乳素水平在通乳颗粒组、“姜醋”高、中、低剂量组较模型组明显升高,差异有显著性.(4)“姜醋”能够使泌乳通道畅通,促进产后泌乳.结论:“姜醋”可促进乳腺腺泡腔及导管扩大增生,减少乳腺小叶间脂肪结缔组织,明显增加血清催乳素水平,显著增加母鼠的泌乳量.     

通草增加哺乳期乳汁分泌的机制研究

目的 初步探讨通草在哺乳期增加乳汁分泌的途径和作用机制及其对乳汁成分的影响.方法 将16只产后ICR母鼠分为阴性对照组(n=8)和通草处理组(n=8);通草处理组每日通过灌胃方式给予母鼠通草提取液0.25 mL,阴性对照组给予等量生理盐水.比较通草处理组与阴性对照组小鼠的泌乳量、乳汁中蛋白质和乳糖含量;采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中催乳激素的水平.采用不同剂量通草提纯液处理小鼠HC11乳腺上皮细胞(设为低剂量通草处理组和高剂量通草处理组,另设对照组);采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白和乳清蛋白mRNA的表达;采用Western blotting技术检测乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白、STAT5蛋白和磷酸化STAT5蛋白的表达.结果 通草处理组小鼠在哺乳第1、3、8、13和18天的泌乳量均高于阴性对照组.通草处理组母鼠乳汁中蛋白质的质量浓度(119.567 μg/mL)明显高于阴性对照组(100.562 μg/mL),乳糖浓度(53.072 mmol/L)明显低于阴性对照组(63.290 mmol/L),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在哺乳第1、3、8和13天,通草处理组催乳激素水平与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).低剂量通草处理组和高剂量通草处理组乳腺上皮细胞中β-酪蛋白及乳清蛋白mRNA的表达均高于对照组.对照组、通草低剂量处理组和通草高剂量处理组乳腺上皮细胞中磷酸化STAT5蛋白的表达水平依次升高.结论 通草可以增加STAT5蛋白的磷酸化水平,加强细胞内信号转导,促进乳腺细胞泌乳,增加乳汁中乳蛋白的含量.     

疏肝理气通络法对小鼠产后缺乳发病机制的调控

目的：探讨疏肝理气通络法对肝郁气滞产后缺乳动物模型发病机制的影响以及疗效观察。方法：取普通健康昆明小鼠45窝,其中母鼠45只,并随机分为中药组、对照组和空白组,用催乳素中枢抑制剂溴隐亭制作肝郁气滞缺乳模型。从产后第3天开始,将溶于生理盐水的溴隐亭配制成0.02mg/ml浓度的溶液,按每只0.5mg/（kg&;#183;d）的剂量给中药组和对照组母鼠灌胃造模,连续8d。在这期间每天8∶00～20∶00单独给予中药组和对照组母鼠声光刺激,每2小时1次,使其因受到惊吓而影响泌乳。其中单独给予中药组母鼠每天插胃管饲服“肝舒涌乳汤”（自拟方）1ml,每天2次。仔鼠至产后第2、5、10天分别测量小鼠体重,每窝取平均数。第11天处死小鼠,采血检测催乳素（PRL）、雌激素（E2）及孕激素（P）水平;取母鼠乳腺做组织形态学观察。结果：对照组催乳素水平明显低于中药组和空白组（P〈0.01）,而雌激素及孕激素水平明显高于中药组和空白组（P〈0.01）;组织形态学显示：对照组乳腺小叶腺泡减少,结缔组织和脂肪组织增多;中药组与空白组乳腺形态相仿,小叶腺泡充满乳汁而显著扩大,小叶间质的结缔组织明显减少。结论：疏肝理气通络复方中药能改善溴隐亭导致的缺乳母鼠的泌乳功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.