Risk factors for surgical-site infection following primary total knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with the development of surgical-site infection (SSI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: A 1,100-bed, university-affiliated, tertiary-care teaching hospital. METHODS: Case-patients with SSI occurring up to 1 year following primary TKA performed between January 1999 and December 2001 were identified prospectively by infection control practitioners using National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System methods. Three control-patients were selected for each case-patient, matched by date of surgery. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relation of potential risk factors to the development of infection. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with infections (6 superficial and 16 deep) were identified. Infection rates per year were 0.95%, 1.07%, and 1.19% in 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified two variables independently associated with the development of infection: the use of closed suction drainage (odds ratio [OR], 7.0; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.1-25.0; P = .0015) and increased international normalized ratio (INR) (OR, 2.4; CI95, 1.1-5.7; P = .035). Factors not statistically associated with the development of infection included age, NNIS System risk index score, presence of various comorbidities, surgeon, duration of procedure or tourniquet time, type of bone cement or prosthesis used, or receipt of blood product transfusions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of closed suction drainage and a high postoperative INR were associated with the development of SSI following TKA. Avoiding the use of surgical drains and careful monitoring of anticoagulant prophylaxis in patients undergoing TKA should reduce the risk of infection.     

TKA术后感染诊断的研究进展

人工膝关节置换术(TKA)已经成为治疗膝关节疾患最为有效的方法,目前对于TKA术后感染的诊断仍然是一个巨大的挑战,特别是存在亚急性和低毒性等非典型感染的情况下。本文综述了目前对人工膝关节感染的主要诊断方法。     

全膝关节置换术后膝关节的疼痛原因与处理措施

目的分析全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)术后疼痛的原因,并予以对因处理。方法选择2016年4月-2019年4月期间在我院行TKA治疗的80例患者,分别在术后24 h、48 h、72 h分别检测VAS评分并计算平均值,当≥4分则被定义为术后疼痛,将入组患者分为疼痛组(32例)、非疼痛组(48例),分析诱发疼痛的原因,有针对性的实施改善措施。结果单因素分析结果表明,年龄≥60岁、BMI≥24 kg/m^2、镇痛药物时间≥8年、感染及软组织损伤均是引起TKA后膝关节疼痛的主要原因(P<0.05);Logistic多因素分析表明,年龄≥60岁、镇痛药物时间≥8年、感染及软组织损伤均是诱发TKA后膝关节疼痛的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。TKA后应积极实施疼痛控制措施,减轻病患疼痛。结论诱发TKA后膝关节疼痛的原因较多,临床应予以其一定重视,并科学实施疼痛控制措施,减轻疼痛感,改善膝关节活动能力,优化预后。     

人工膝关节置换术后感染研究进展

细菌在菌膜内生长使得膝关节置换术后感染的诊断和治疗变得困难。术前与术中各种检查的结合对于术后感染的诊断非常必要。治疗方面,使用抗生素配合手术方法治疗必须根据一定的治疗原则来进行。在众多膝关节置换术后感染的治疗方法中,二期翻修术仍然是一个金标准。     

人工膝关节置换术后感染研究进展

细菌在菌膜内生长使得膝关节置换术后感染的诊断和治疗变得困难。术前与术中各种检查的结合对于术后感染的诊断非常必要。治疗方面,使用抗生素配合手术方法治疗必须根据一定的治疗原则来进行。在众多膝关节置换术后感染的治疗方法中,二期翻修术仍然是一个金标准。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝关节重症骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全膝关节表面置换术(total knee arthopasty.TKA)治疗膝关节重症骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法 2005-01/2009-02应用全膝关节表面置换术治疗全膝关节重症骨关节炎患者11例,男7例,女4例,年龄55~76岁,平均64岁;均有严重疼痛、活动受限,6例跛行,5例扶拐行走。术前屈曲受限5例,伸直受限6例;膝内翻畸形8例,角度15°~40°,平均膝内翻25.1,°膝外翻畸形3例,角度10°~16.5°。按TKA原则施术,重建膝关节负重力线,截骨达到伸屈间隙相等,维持软组织平衡,保持髌骨中置位,获取膝关节充分活动度。结果伤口愈合不良与下肢深静脉血栓形成各1膝治愈,无感染,平均随访2.3年,按HSS评分标准,疗效评定为优4例,良4例,尚可3例。优良率72.7%。术后疼痛和跛行明显改善,膝关节平均活动度由术前56°(30°~98°)改善到95°(60°~118°)。结论对有疼痛、畸形和功能障碍,年龄在55岁以上的重症骨关节炎患者,选择TKA治疗,疗效满意。     

The use of acrylic bone cement for cervical fusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We report on 14 patients with instability of the cervical spine secondary to rheumatoid arthritis treated by fusion using a combination of traditional bone grafting techniques and methylmethacrylate bone cement. Successful fusion was achieved in all cases with few complications. The high infection rate reported by other authors was avoided by reducing the bulk of the cement mass and the use of antibiotic impregnated cement. We recommend this method of fusion to all orthopaedic surgeons involved in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.     

Risk of conjunctival contamination in total joint arthroplasty

This study arose from a concern about the transmission of infection through conjunctival contamination during total joint arthroplasty surgery. A prospective analysis of 110 sets of personal face and eye protective equipment (Sterishields) used for 29 total hip arthroplasties (THA) and 26 total knee arthroplasties (TKA) were examined for macroscopic contamination. In additition, a postal questionnaire regarding the perceived risk of eye contamination and current practice of eye protection used during TKA and THA surgery was sent to 1500 Fellows of the British Orthopaedic Association. All Sterishields demonstrated macroscopic contamination with an average of 203 blood and fat spots. The number of these was significantly higher in the lower half of the Sterishields. Of the 834 useable replies, 48% of respondents did not use adequate eye protection routinely. Twenty-eight percent felt that no eye protection was needed, while 45% felt that the eye protection available compromised their vision and so did not use it. One hundred and seven respondents (13%) reported being aware of eye contamination, while 21 (2.5%) respondents were aware of at least one case of conjunctival infection following contamination. This study demonstrates that there is a high risk of conjunctival contamination with fat and blood in major total joint arthroplasty. The reported use of appropriate eye and face protection in the UK has been shown to be low (52%).     

Transketolase activities in human lymphocytes and granulocytes

Transketolase activities (TKA) were measured in human lymphocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes by a NADH-dependent method. Lymphocyte and granulocyte TKA were 125 and 152 times greater, respectively, than erythrocyte. Xylulose-5-phosphate, at a final concentration of 3.6 mmol/L, was needed for optimal lymphocyte and granulocyte TKA, but had no apparent effect on erythrocyte TKA.     

全髋关节置换术后并发假体周围骨折相关因素分析

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术后并发假体周围骨折的相关危险因素.方法 选自某院收入的全髋关节置换术患者403例及髋关节翻修患者45例,患者术后根据并发假体周围骨折情况分为骨折组及对照组,记录患者性别、年龄、外伤史、骨质疏松、髋部感染史、假体类型、假体固定方式及髋关节翻修史等情况,计算各因素与假体周围骨折发生的相关性.结果 有外伤史、骨质疏松患者术后假体周围骨折发生率显著高于无外伤史、无骨质疏松患者,结果对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).骨水泥固定假体周围骨折发生率显著高于非骨水泥固定假体(P＜0.05).骨水泥柄发病率低于非骨水泥远端固定柄及非骨水泥近端固定柄(P＜0.05).有髋关节翻修史患者假体周围骨折发生率显著高于无髋关节翻修史患者(P＜0.05).结论 假体周围骨折发生率为5.8％,外伤史、骨质疏松、骨水泥柄、有髋关节翻修史以及骨水泥固定是假体周围骨折的危险因素.     

The Effects of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Physical Functioning and Health among the Under Age 65 Population

ObjectivesThis study examined the effects of total knee arthroplasty on six measures of physical functioning, self-rated health, pain, earnings, and employment status among US adults aged 51 to 63 years at baseline.MethodsData came from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study conducted biannually. The analysis sample consisted of individuals aged 51 to 63 years at baseline with arthritis who were resurveyed at 2-year intervals from 1996 to 2010. Propensity score matching was used to compare outcomes of persons receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with those of matched controls. Six measures of physical functioning were examined: lower-body mobility problems, instrumental activities of daily living limitations, activities of daily living limitations, and large muscle, fine motor, and gross motor limitations. Self-rated health and pain were also examined. The two employment-related outcomes were earnings and employment status.ResultsReceipt of TKA was associated with better outcomes for several measures of physical functioning, especially mobility limitations, pain, and self-rated health. Receipt of TKA was not associated with increased earnings or employment.ConclusionsReceipt of TKA yields important improvements in physical function among persons with an arthritis diagnosis who received the procedure before reaching the age of 65 years. This study contributes to knowledge about the benefits of TKA in a community setting among nonelderly recipients of TKA.     

Titanium-copper-nitride coated spacers for two-stage revision of infected total hip endoprostheses

Within the first two years after total hip arthroplasty implant-associated infection has become the second most common reason for a revision surgery. Two-stage implant exchange is frequently conducted using temporary spacers made of antibiotic-loaded cement in order to prevent a bacterial colonization on the spacer. Avoiding several disadvantages of cement spacers, a conventional hemi-endoprosthesis was equipped with a copper-containing implant coating for inhibition of bacterial biofilms. In the present paper details of this novel treatment concept are presented including a case report.     

Sickness absence and return to work among employees with knee osteoarthritis with and without total knee arthroplasty: a prospective register linkage study among Finnish public sector employees

Objective:This study aimed to examine duration of sickness absence due to knee osteoarthritis (OA) and sustained return to work (RTW) among municipal employees who had at least one compensated sickness absence period due to knee OA. The contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes and previous sickness absence were assessed. We differentiated between participants with and without total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:Data from 123 506 employees in the Finnish Public Sector Study were linked with national health and mortality register information. There were 3 231 sickness absence periods (2372 participants) due to knee OA in 2005−2011. Kaplan-Meier curves for sustained RTW were obtained and median time with inter-quartile range (IQR) calculated for those with and without TKA. Cox regression analyses were carried out in multivariable analyses.Results:The median time to RTW from the beginning of sickness absence was 21–28 days when TKA was not related to sickness absence and 92–145 days when it was. Among participants with no TKA, age 60−64, non-sedentary work, diabetes, and previous sickness absences predicted longer time to RTW, while pain medication predicted a shorter time. Among participants with TKA, non-sedentary work and previous sickness absences predicted a longer time to RTW.Conclusions:The clinical relevance of the difference in time to RTW between employees with or without TKA was substantial. Employees with knee OA working in physically demanding jobs need work modifications after TKA, and this calls for a dialog between occupational health care professionals and workplaces.     

全膝关节置换术后系统康复的疗效观察

目的探讨分析全膝关节置换术后系统康复的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析行单侧人工全膝关节置换术的骨关节炎患者82例,并分成两组。观察组(41例)在置换术后进行系统康复训练,对照组(41例)进行持续被动训练机(CPM)的康复训练,比较两组患者的术后膝关节功能恢复状况。结果观察组在术后1周、3周、6周HSS评分均高于对照组,并且术后6周实验组的有效率高于对照组,P<0.05。结论 TKA后系统康复有助于患者恢复,提高临床疗效,值得在临床上推广。     

糖尿病足感染病原学及其万古霉素联合骨水泥注射治疗效果

目的分析糖尿病足感染病原学特点及万古霉素联合骨水泥注射治疗效果。方法选取安吉县第三人民医院150例糖尿病足感染患者,根据药敏试验结果与患者病情,128例接受万古霉素联合骨水泥注射治疗(研究组),其余22例予以经验治疗(对照组),分析糖尿病足感染病原学特点,比较两组治疗前后血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]水平,住院时间、治疗1个月完全痊愈率、完全愈合时间及复发情况。结果 150例患者临床共检出病原菌150株,其中革兰阴性菌77株占51.33%,革兰阳性菌73株占48.67%;不同感染程度患者检出病原菌分布比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=16.151,P<0.001),轻度感染患者检出主要为革兰阳性菌(66.18%),并且最多见的是金黄色葡萄球菌(22.06%);中度与重度感染患者主要为革兰阴性菌(62.90%、75.00%),且最多见的是布氏枸橼酸杆菌,占比分别为22.58%、35.00%;两组患者治疗前血清各炎症因子水平比较无显著差异;治疗后两组上述指标均降低,且研究组降低更显著(P<0.05);研究组治疗1个月后痊愈率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),住院时间与创面愈合时间均较对照组缩短(P<0.05)。结论中、重度糖尿病足感染患者以革兰阴性菌感染为主,临床经验治疗需要结合病原菌种类以及药敏试验予以合理调整,其中万古霉素联合骨水泥注射疗法可获得良好疗效。     

预见性护理在预防人工全髋或全膝关节手术后深静脉血栓中的应用

目的 探讨人工全髋、全膝关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的预防及护理措施.方法 对75例人工全髋、全膝关节置换术患者,术前做好高危患者的评估及健康宣教,并指导患者术前进行适应性功能锻炼,同时做好心理护理.术后详细了解术中情况,保持引流通畅,保护下肢静脉,做好基本预防和机械预防,密切观察有无下肢深静脉血栓或肺栓塞表现.结果 70例患者顺利康复,有效率达93.3%;5例并发下肢深静脉血栓,无肺栓塞出现.结论 通过科学的预防和护理,人工全髋、全膝关节置换术患者深静脉血栓的并发率大为减少.     

Atypical tuberculous osteomyelitis of the humeral shaft caused by Mycobacterium avium

A 41-year-old man underwent skeletal scintigraphy due to chronic pain in the left foot and polyarthralgia. He was taking medication for gout and had previously had sarcoidosis, for which he had received corticosteroids and other therapy that was discontinued 4 years ago. Scintigraphy revealed a mass in the shaft of the left humerus that, according to biopsy, was an asymptomatic osteomyelitis caused by Mycobacterium avium. The shaft of the left humerus is an uncommon site for tuberculous osteomyelitis. A viable fistula remained after the biopsy that persisted despite pharmacologic treatment with ethambutol, rifabutin and clarithromycin. Four months later, sequestrectomy was performed with insertion of gentamicin-impregnated beads, which resulted in rapid resolution. The foot pain resolved spontaneously. The incidence of bone tuberculosis has increased over the last 2 decades. The most commonly affected sites are the spine and large joints. Infection with M. avium is sometimes involved. Because of the increasing incidence it is important to include mycobacterial infections in the differential diagnosis of focal bone lesions, especially when standard cultures are initially negative.     

Development of a Scale to Assess Performance Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundQuantitative assessment of postsurgical knee motion provides sensitive measurements, but results are technical and may not be meaningful to patients. Although several knee-specific instruments exist, no patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure correlates function with improved stability, motion, satisfaction, and confidence.ObjectiveTo address both the above limitations by developing a PRO measure to assess the phenomenon of a “normal” knee after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsA draft conceptual model linking the impact of clinical mechanics to hypothesized functional outcomes was generated after a literature review of available assessment tools. Participants aged 18 to 80 years having undergone TKA within the past 10 to 18 months were identified and screened by clinical sites to participate in phase 1 focus groups or phase 2 in-depth interviews. Participants were asked to describe their TKA experiences, including how their knee feels now, followed by cognitive debriefing of Patient’s Knee Implant Performance (PKIP) draft items.ResultsPhase 1 results indicated that concepts of confidence, stability, and satisfaction in patients’ replacement knee when performing certain activities were distinct and important in the patients’ assessment of their TKA. Phase 2 efforts yielded a final version of the PKIP measure containing nine items assessing the broader concepts of stability, confidence, and satisfaction in association with activities. Presurgical and postsurgical versions of the measure were created.ConclusionsResults of this qualitative study support use of the PKIP as a complementary PRO measure to assess performance after primary TKA. Psychometric evaluation of the PKIP is planned.     

后路椎弓根内固定＋椎体骨水泥成形治疗上胸椎单节段肿瘤并椎管占位

目的探讨上胸椎脊柱肿瘤并椎管占位的治疗方法。方法对8例侵犯机体的上胸椎单节段肿瘤并有椎管占位的患者采用后路椎弓根内固定。后路椎管减压,病灶刮除,经椎弓根应用蛋壳技术,刮除椎体内的肿瘤并注射骨水泥成形,随访6-18个月。结果本组已进行8例患者,均安全度过围手术期,患者1个月后均可坐起进食。未出现骨水泥渗漏、术后症状加重、感染、断钉及内固定脱落等并发症。结论后路经椎弓根蛋壳技术,能较完整的切除椎体肿瘤,同时可行椎管减压,刮除侵犯椎管的肿瘤组织,加上骨水泥填入成形,可以通过热效应消灭残余的肿瘤细胞,又可增强脊柱的稳定性,再加上椎弓根固定系统,更进一步增加了脊柱的稳定性。减轻患者手术痛苦,缩短了卧床时间,延长了患者生命。