简单阴茎海绵体造影对静脉性ED的诊断价值(附15例报告)

血管性勃起功能障碍 (ED)的诊断缺乏有效、特异的检查手段。彩色双功能超声检查 (CDU)对评估阴茎动脉血流有一定价值 ,但对判断静脉功能仅是一种间接方式。阴茎海绵体造影 (CG)可直接了解静脉回流情况 ,观察是否有静脉瘘的存在 ,在静脉性ED的诊断中具有特殊的价值 ,但由于是有创检查 ,限制了对它的使用与深入认识。1 999年 1 2月至 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,我院采用一种简单易行的 CG方法对 1 5例原发性血管性 ED患者进行了检查。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　临床资料　 1 5例 ED患者 ,年龄 1 8～ 2 8岁 ,平均 2 3 .2岁。已婚 5例 ,未婚 1…     

老年性勃起功能障碍的临床特点

目的 通过对老年性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者回顾性研究,探讨其发病规律和临床特点.方法 将ED患者分为2组,老年性ED组(49例)和非老年性ED组(425例).统计各组患者年龄、病程、既往病史(糖尿病、高血压、高血脂)以及国际勃起功能指数评分表(IIEF-5)、夜间阴茎涨大试验(NPT)、阴茎海绵体注射试验(ICI)结果.结果 与非老年性ED患者相比,老年性ED患者病程长,同时患有糖尿病、高血压、高血脂的患者比例明显升高(分别为61%、78%、37%).老年性ED患者IIEF-5评分明显降低,患有重度ED比例明显升高.老年性ED患者平均夜间勃起事件明显减少,每次勃起平均时间明显减少,平均阴茎容量峰/基线比率也明显降低.注射前列地尔后,阴茎海绵体动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及阻力指数(RI)明显小于非老年性ED患者,舒张末期流速(EDV)高于非老年性ED患者.结论 老年性ED以器质性病变为主,病程长,程度重,其中尤以血管性ED发病率较高.血管病变导致的阴茎海绵体动脉供血不足和静脉关闭不全是老年性ED发病机制中重要环节.     

老年勃起功能障碍与下尿路症状相关性的研究

目的了解老年勃起功能障碍（ED）患者的下尿路症状（LUTS）程度,评估ED与LUTS之间的相关性。方法对67例老年ED患者按照国际前列腺症状评分（I-IPS）分为轻度、中度、重度LUTS 3组,比较3组间国际勃起功能指数-5（IIEF-5）评分和阴茎海绵体动脉的收缩期最大血流速率（PSV）和舒张末期血流速率（EDV）。结果3组间随着LUTS程度逐渐加重,IIEF-5评分、PSV呈下降趋势,其中轻度LUTS组与中度、重度LUTS组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。3组间EDV比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论老年ED患者性生活的质量与LUTS程度相关,对阴茎血流动力学的影响可能是LUTS影响ED程度的途径。     

吸烟对前列腺增生患者勃起功能及一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的影响

目的 探讨吸烟对良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者勃起功能及阴茎海绵体内血浆中一氧化氮(N0)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响.方法 选择90例BPH患者,吸烟BPH组51例,不吸烟BPH组39例.另选取体检健康男性40例为正常对照组.采用勃起功能国际问卷表(IIEF-5)对受试者进行调查,分别取阴茎海绵体内血液,采用硝酸还原酶法和分光光度比色法测定血浆中NO含量及NOS活性.结果 与正常对照组比较,吸烟BPH组及不吸烟组勃起功能障碍(ED)发生率明显增高(P＜0.05),IIEF-5评分、NO含量及NOS活性明显减少(P＜0.05).与不吸烟BPH组比较,吸烟BPH组ED发生率明显增高(P＜0.05),IIEF-5评分、NO含量及NOS活性明显减少(P＜0.05).吸烟组IIEF-5评分、NO含量及NOS活性与烟龄及烟量均呈高度负相关(P＜0.01).结论 BPH患者ED发生率较高,阴茎海绵体内血浆中NOS活性降低、NO含量下降可能是BPH致ED的原因之一,吸烟与ED的发生密切相关.     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血管形态及血流动力学改变

目的观察糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎血管形态及血流动力学改变,探讨糖尿病性ED的血管性病因。方法应用CDUS检测18例糖尿病性ED及20例非血管性ED患者阴茎海绵体动脉(CA)及其分支血管螺旋动脉(HA)形态及血流动力学参数,比较两组之间的差异。结果糖尿病性ED患者CA血管壁较毛糙,3例一侧CA内可见血栓,且CA的分支血管HA显示多为1级或2级。阴茎海绵体内药物注射(ICI)前后糖尿病性ED患者CA内径增加百分比明显低于非血管性ED组〔(58.29±5.85)%vs(78.54±9.94)%,P<0.01〕;ICI后糖尿病性ED患者CA的PSV、RI亦明显低于非血管性ED组〔PSV(22.23±7.38)vs(44.87±9.45)cm/s,P<0.01;RI:0.89±0.07 vs 1.09±0.09,P<0.01〕,而DD-VV则明显高于非血管性ED组〔(11.03±2.85)vs(3.85±2.28)cm/s,P<0.01〕。结论 CA及其外周HA受损可能是糖尿病性ED患者血管病变的主要因素,而阴茎静脉关闭机制不良可能是其继发病变。     

伟哥和西力士对心力衰竭有什么作用?

勃起功能障碍药物对心脏可能会起到意想不到的作用!西地那非(伟哥)通过阻断或抑制一种叫做PDE5的酶治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)。这种作用可舒张将血液送到阴茎的动脉血管,使阴茎增大。伟哥和类似的ED药物也能舒张心脏动脉。现在有证据表明,PDE5抑制可能是一种治疗心脏衰竭(HF)的有效方法。哈佛大学的研究人员已经证明,伟     

老年髋关节置换术后股骨侧假体周围骨折的治疗

目的 探讨老年人工髋关节置换术后发生股骨侧假体周围骨折的治疗。 方法 2005年3月至2011年5月收治的27例75岁及以上的股骨假体周围骨折并行手术治疗的患者,男11例,女16例。股骨假体周围骨折距初次关节置换手术时间为7～83个月,平均63个月;Vanconver分类,A型5例,采用“8”字钢丝捆绑技术;B型19例,选择加长柄技术,锁定钢板技术,环抱器技术;C型3例,采用植骨及钢板固定技术;患者均获得随访9～25个月,平均16个月。采用Harris髋关节功能评分,X线片对治疗结果进行评估。 结果 22例患者骨折愈合;5例患者骨折愈合欠佳,经再次植骨固定,其中3例骨折处愈合,2例能保持假体和肢体结构稳定。14例患者能自由行走;9例需用助行器;4例能在床上自如活动。末次随访Harris评分52～93分,平均76分。 结论老年患者发生股骨假体周围骨折,应根据患者的身体状况,骨折不同类型,以实用可靠为治疗原则。     

活动衬垫膝关节假体行关节置换的中长期报告

目的 对应用可活动衬垫膝关节假体行关节置换术后的临床中长期效果进行评价.方法 对我院1997年11月～2007年12月应用可活动衬垫膝关节假体行膝关节表面置换的住院患者746膝(653例)进行临床及X线随访,根据HSS评分标准进行临床评价.结果 HSS评分从术前平均51.2分提高到术后平均92.1分,优良率达92.3%.活动范围从术前平均伸-7.5°、屈64.3°到术后平均伸-1.1°、屈103.5°.术后12例感染,5例假体周围骨折,其他未发现有骨溶解、假体松动或活动衬垫脱位等并发症.结论 活动衬垫膝关节增加了股骨与聚乙烯衬垫之间的匹配,减少了接触应力和聚乙烯的磨损,其术后短期及中长期临床效果令人满意.     

旋转铰链型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节周围复发性骨巨细胞瘤疗效观察

目的观察旋转铰链型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节周围复发性骨巨细胞瘤的临床疗效。方法对8例膝关节周围复发性骨巨细胞瘤患者行广泛切除术5例、根治性切除术3例,均采用旋转铰链型膝关节假体置换重建。术后每3个月复查胸片和膝部正侧位X线片。采用骨与软组织肿瘤协会评分（MSTS）标准评定膝关节功能。结果术后随访12～36个月,所有患者无局部复发或远处转移迹象,未发现假体松动;膝关节活动范围为80°～110°;MSTS为（23.5±4.0）分,优良率为87.5%。结论旋转铰链型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节周围复发性骨巨细胞瘤能减少肿瘤复发、提高患者生活质量,近期疗效好。     

国产后稳定型膝关节系统5a以上临床疗效分析

目的通过对使用国产后稳定型TC—Dynamic人工膝关节系统5a以上的临床随访,评估该假体的中长期临床效果和假体存活状况,分析影响膝关节假体远期存活率以及膝关节功能的各种因素。方法2003年9月～2006年3月,本中心使用国产后稳定型人工膝关节假体行全膝关节置换术35例50膝。术前膝关节KSS评分的膝评分平均17．0分,功能评分平均20．4分,膝关节屈曲活动度数（ROM）平均86．2°。结果术后平均随访6．4a,共28例40膝术后获得完整的临床随访资料,4例失访,3例死亡。随访时KSS膝评分平均86．8分,功能评分平均83．5分,ROM平均118．4°。随访时影像学x线片显示：3例胫骨平台内侧发现小于2mm的透亮线,患者无临床症状。其余病例显示下肢力线良好,假体位置满意,无松动迹象。本组未出现远期感染病例发生。结论使用国产后稳定型人工膝关节假体的全膝关节置换术中期临床效果满意。     

Surgical management of erectile dysfunction

Since the introduction of sildenafil citrate, oral systemic therapy has become the first line of therapy for men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Men who are not candidates for or who fail treatment with an oral agent may choose second-line therapies such as intraurethral prostaglandins, penile injection therapy, sex therapy, or a vacuum erection device. These second-line therapies may be unpalatable or inadequate for some men, and these men constitute the candidates for surgical intervention for ED. This article reviews surgical management of vascular ED, surgical management of Peyronie’s disease, and penile prosthesis implantation. At the current time, the appropriate candidate for penile revascularization is a young man with proven arterial insufficiency resulting from pelvic trauma. Results in other populations are disappointing. Peyronie’s disease with curvature significant enough to interfere with intercourse may be managed with tunical lengthening or shortening procedures in potent men and with prosthetic implantation in men with ED. Modern three-piece penile prostheses are associated with excellent device reliability, high rates of patient satisfaction, and acceptably low complication rates.     

Erectile dysfunction and diabetes: a review of the current evidence-based medicine and a synthesis of the main available therapies

AimThis review aimed to provide an update of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetes patients.MethodsData on the management of ED in diabetes patients in the literature were analyzed using Medline, and by matching the following keywords: diabetes; erectile dysfunction; endothelial dysfunction; cardiovascular disease; phosphodiesterase inhibitors; intracavernous injection; and penile prosthesis.ResultsED has a higher incidence in diabetic patients. The pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving endothelial dysfunction, specific complications of diabetes and psychological factors. Recent studies have shown that ED is able to predict future cardiovascular events not only in non-diabetics, but also in patients with diabetes. ED could also be a potential marker to screen for silent coronary artery disease. The management of ED has been revolutionized by the discovery of phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, the first-line therapeutic options for diabetic men with ED that are efficient and safe. As a second line, intracavernous injections remain a gold-standard treatment, although a vacuum device can be used as well. In cases of failure, penile prosthesis may be considered. Hypogonadism, commonly found in diabetics, may require identification and treatment. Optimalized glycaemic control, management of associated co-morbidities and lifestyle modifications are essential in all patients. As ED and diabetes negatively impact male self-esteem, and generate depression and anxiety, the psychological treatment of patients is also likely to be beneficial.ConclusionThe aetiology of diabetic ED is multifactorial. Endothelial dysfunction is the link between diabetes-induced ED and coronary artery disease. A global approach is needed for the successful management of diabetic ED.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(附24例报告)

目的评价腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的安全性及临床价值。方法对24例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤患者采用腹腔镜经腹腔途径手术治疗。结果23例手术取得成功,1例因粘连严重、术中出血改行开放手术。肿瘤最大径2．5～8cm,平均4．2cm;手术时间30～150min,平均70min;术中出血量20～200ml,平均50ml,均未输血;术后住院5～10d,平均6．8d;术后病理检查证实均为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤。全部病例获得随访3～18个．月,平均10个月,患者血压正常,B超或CT复查均未见肿瘤复发。结论对于直径〈6cm的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,腹腔镜手术具有手术时间短、出血少、损伤小、恢复快、安全性高、并发症少等优点,可替代开放手术。     

Subcutaneous reservoir placement during penile prosthesis implantation

Currently, the prosthesis of choice for patients undergoing penile prosthesis surgery is a three piece inflatable device, as this provides optimal inflation and deflation when compared to a one or two piece prosthesis. However, prior pelvic surgery or radiation therapy can obliterate the retropubic space and make placement of the reservoir required for a three piece prosthesis difficult. We report a novel location for reservoir placement in a man who had undergone multiple pelvic surgeries after suffering a severe pelvic crush injury.     

Erectile Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a major issue in systemic sclerosis (SSc) as it is observed in around 80 to 90 % of men with this connective tissue disease. ED greatly impacts the quality of life and should be actively addressed as a common complication. Whereas ED in the general population is usually associated with risk factors for atherosclerosis as well as cardiovascular disease, the main aetiology of ED in SSc is microangiopathic. In SSc, the blood flow is reduced in the small penile arteries due to corporal fibrosis and myointimal proliferation. There are no data on the prevention of ED in SSc. On-demand phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have little effect in improving erectile function, but daily or alternate day regimens of long-acting phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors provide a measurable, although often limited, benefit. When intracavernous prostaglandin E1 injections are also ineffective, the implantation of a penile prosthesis should be considered as an option.     

肝动脉化学栓塞联合适形放射治疗中晚期原发性肝癌疗效分析

[目的]探讨肝动脉化学栓塞(TACE)联合三维适形放射(3DCRT)治疗对中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效.[方法]19例中晚期原发性肝癌进行了TACE联合3DCRT治疗,TACE灌注化疗药物丝裂霉素C 20mg,5-氟尿嘧啶1 000～1 500 mg,顺铂60～80 mg,栓塞剂为40%碘化油,治疗1～3次;3DCRT应用Topslane计划系统,6 MV-X直线加速器实施治疗,4～8个适形固定野,计划靶体积13.3～907 ch3,总剂量30～48 Gy,每次4～7 Gy,连续照射6～10次.[结果]近期有效率(CR PR)73.7%,1、2年生存率分别为79%和42%,治疗前后不良反应无明显差异.[结论]TACE联合3DCRT能提高中晚期原发性肝癌的治疗效果,但不增加不良反应.     

苦参碱对溃疡性结肠炎患者T细胞亚群的影响

[目的]探讨苦参碱注射液对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者外周血T细胞免疫的影响.[方法]采用免疫组化（SAP）法检测30例UC患者用苦参碱注射液治疗1月前、后和10例健康志愿者外周血T细胞亚群.[结果]30例UC患者中治愈7例,好转12例,无变化11例;UC患者CD8^＋Ts细胞明显减少;用苦参碱治疗后UC患者外周血CD3^＋、CD8^＋Ts细胞较治疗前明显增高,有效组CD8^＋Ts细胞显著高于无效组（P＜0.05）.[结论]UC患者抑制性T细胞减低,免疫亢进;用苦参碱注射液治疗有较好疗效,外周血T细胞,尤其CD8^＋Ts细胞水平明显增高.     

Treatment program for erectile dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases

The present study assesses the effectiveness of our progressive treatment program for erectile dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The study sample included 453 patients aged 36 to 91 years. Therapy in all patients was begun with sildenafil citrate 25 to 100 mg. Those with contraindications, drug adverse effects, or a negative response (erection insufficient for vaginal penetration) were given intracavernous injections of a cocktail of vasoactive drugs (dimix, trimix, or quadmix), followed by the addition of sildenafil citrate to the trimix in case of failure, and then a penile prosthesis. Patients were followed for 2 years; in cases of treatment ineffectiveness during follow-up, drug dosages were increased or a penile prosthesis was suggested. Sildenafil citrate was offered to 417 patients of whom 205 (49.2%) responded positively. The remaining 248 patients received intracavernous injections: 135 (54.4%) had a positive response to the dimix, 85 (75.2%) to the trimix, and 16 (57.1%) to the quadmix. Four of the other 12 patients (0.9%) responded to sildanefil citrate + trimix, and 2 (0.4%) agreed to a penile prosthesis. At the 2-year follow-up of 447 patients, 131 (29.3%) were successfully treated with sildanefil citrate, 92 (20.6%) with dimix, 122 (27.3%) with trimix, 12 (2.7%) with quadmix, and 2 (0.4%) with sildanefil citrate + trimix; 5 patients (1.1%) had a penile implant. Forty-eight patients (10.7%) achieved spontaneous erection, of whom 46 were taking aspirin. Twenty-six patients (5.8%) stopped treatment because of health and family reasons and 9 (2%) had a negative response. Our progressive treatment program for erectile dysfunction has a high success rate in patients with cardiovascular disease: Overall, 98.7% achieved an erection sufficient for vaginal penetration immediately after the trial and 92.2% on follow-up; 10.7% achieved spontaneous erections.     

同种异体原位心脏移植(附11例报告)

目的总结同种异体原位心脏移植的手术经验。方法对11例终末期心脏病患者施行同种异体原位心脏移植术。其中标准原位心脏移植术1例,双腔静脉吻合法原位心脏移植术10例,心肾联合移植术1例。5例术前存在中度肺动脉高压者,术中及术后给予一氧化氮（NO）吸入等措施治疗。抗排异治疗采用环孢素A（CsA）＋甲基强的松龙（MP）＋霉酚酸酯（MMF）三联方案。结果2例术后出现急性排异反应．给予大剂量MP冲击治疗3d缓解;1例术后第3天出现肾功能衰竭．给予血液透析后缓解。1例行心肾联合移植术者术后18d死于肺动脉栓塞。随访6～45个月,晚期死亡2例,其余病例心功能正常,恢复正常工作和生活。结论严格掌握受体适应证、合适的手术方法及严格的围术期管理可提高同种异体原位心脏移植术的疗效。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像判断乳腺癌复发及转移的价值

目的探讨^18F-FDG PET/CT显像判断乳腺癌复发和转移的临床价值.方法28例手术治疗后临床疑有肿瘤复发或转移的乳腺癌患者均进行^18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,应用目测法和半定量分析法判断结果（标准摄取值,SUV）.结果病理、活检、细胞学检查等证实17例有局部复发和（或）转移,^18F-FDG PET/CT显像正确诊断16例,检测灵敏度、特异性（94.12%,90.91%）明显高于传统影像学方法;在62个肿瘤复发和（或）转移灶中,PET/CT及常规影像学检查检出率分别为91.94%（57/62）、72.58%（45/62）,P＜0.05.结论^18F-FDG PET/CT显像是早期诊断乳腺癌复发和（或）转移良好的、无创性方法.