T-bet重组腺病毒对哮喘小鼠Thl/Th2免疫平衡的调节

目的探讨静脉应用T-bet重组腺病毒（AdT-bet）对哮喘模型小鼠过敏性气道炎症及Th1／Th2免疫失衡的影响。方法36只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为AdT-bet治疗组（A组）、模型对照组（B组）、正常组（C组）。以卵蛋白（OVA）、氢氧化铝免疫建立哮喘模型，A组激发前尾静脉注射100μL的AdT-bet（1×10^8 PFU/μL），各组激发后肺泡灌洗分析细胞组份，分离肺淋巴细胞测定细胞因子分泌水平，以流式细胞仪检测CD3^＋、CD4^＋ T细胞比例及表达IFNγ和IL-4的比例，比较各组肺组织学改变。结果静脉应用AdT-bet组与对照组相比：①可明显抑制抗原激发后气道内嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润（P〈0．01）；②明显抑制肺淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-5，增加了IFNγ的产生；③肺脏淋巴细胞CD4^＋ IFNγ百分比及IFNγ^＋/IL-4^＋明显升高（P〈0．01），而CD4^＋ IL-4^＋百分比则明显下降；④明显抑制哮喘鼠气道内及肺泡内的过敏性炎症反应。结论激发前静脉用AdT-bet对哮喘小鼠过敏性气道炎症有明显的防治作用，其机制可能与表达的T-bet上调Th1／Th2比值，从而调整了免疫平衡有关。     

T-bet重组腺病毒对哮喘小鼠Thl/Th2免疫平衡的调节

目的 探讨静脉应用T-bet重组腺病毒(AdT-bet)对哮喘模型小鼠过敏性气道炎症及Th1/Th2免疫失衡的影响.方法 36只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为AdT-bet治疗组(A组)、模型对照组(B组)、正常组(C组).以卵蛋白(OVA)、氢氧化铝免疫建立哮喘模型,A组激发前尾静脉注射100 μL的AdT-bet(1×108PFU/μL),各组激发后肺泡灌洗分析细胞组份,分离肺淋巴细胞测定细胞因子分泌水平,以流式细胞仪检测CD3 、CD4 T细胞比例及表达IFNγ和IL-4的比例,比较各组肺组织学改变.结果 静脉应用AdT-bet组与对照组相比:①可明显抑制抗原激发后气道内嗜酸性粒细胞的浸润(P＜0.01);②明显抑制肺淋巴细胞产生IL-4、IL-5,增加了IFNγ的产生;③肺脏淋巴细胞CD4 IFNγ 百分比及IFNγ /IL-4 明显升高(P＜0.01),而CD4 IL-4 百分比则明显下降;④明显抑制哮喘鼠气道内及肺泡内的过敏性炎症反应.结论 激发前静脉用AdT-bet对哮喘小鼠过敏性气道炎症有明显的防治作用,其机制可能与表达的T-bet上调Thl/Th2比值,从而调整了免疫平衡有关.     

白三烯受体拮抗剂下调OX40L调控Th9细胞因子改善过敏性哮喘小鼠气道重塑和炎症

目的 探讨白三烯受体拮抗剂对过敏性哮喘小鼠气道重塑的改善作用及可能机制.方法 30只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分成对照组、模型组及孟鲁司特组,每组10只.HE染色观察肺组织形态学变化;Masson染色观察肺组织气道纤维化;ELISA检测支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-9和OVA特异IgE含量;Western blot检测肺组织OX40L蛋白表达;Western blot和qRT-PCR检测肺组织TRAF6、IL-9和IL-9R蛋白及mRNA表达.结果 与对照组相比,模型组小鼠肺组织形态学病理变化明显,纤维化增加,支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-4、IL-9和OVA特异IgE含量增加,IFN-γ含量降低,OX40L、TRAF6、IL-9和IL-9R表达水平升高.孟鲁司特改善肺组织形态,降低肺组织气道纤维化,降低支气管肺泡灌洗液IL-4、IL-9和OVA特异IgE含量,增加IFN-γ含量,降低OX40L、TRAF6、IL-9和IL-9R表达水平.结论 白三烯受体拮抗剂改善过敏性哮喘小鼠气道重塑和炎症,其作用机制可能与调节OX40L和Th9细胞相关因子表达有关.     

Th17淋巴细胞在哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的初步研究

目的:初步探索Th17细胞及其分泌的炎症介质在哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的作用机制。方法:20只小鼠随机均分为哮喘组和正常对照组。哮喘组用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立小鼠哮喘模型。正常对照组致敏与激发均以生理盐水代替。HE染色观察小鼠气道及肺组织病理变化;光学显微镜下观察小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞分类及计数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠BALF上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IFN-γ及IL-17的含量,流式细胞技术(FCM)检测小鼠外周血Th1、Th2及Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率情况。结果:哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞总数和中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞百分率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),BALF上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13及IL-17的水平显著增高(P<0.05),而IFN-γ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),外周血Th2、Th17细胞明显增高(P<0.05),而Th1细胞无明显变化。结论:Th17细胞及其分泌的炎症介质可促进中性粒细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞在气道内聚集,加重哮喘气道炎症,可能与哮喘气道重塑密切相关。     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B对豚鼠哮喘模型Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

目的研究金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素B(Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B,SEB)对豚鼠支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)模型气道炎症及Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法27只豚鼠随机分为对照组,模型组,SEB组各9只,用卵白蛋白(OVA)建立哮喘模型。末次激发豚鼠24-48 h内处理,支气管肺泡灌洗,直接记数总白细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞,观察肺组织病理改变,分装冻存支气管肺泡灌洗液做细胞因子检测。结果SEB组豚鼠肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞数量为(2.6±0.64)×106,显著低于模型组的(13.0±1.8)×106(P<0.01);肺组织哮喘炎症反应也轻于模型组;SEB组肺泡灌洗液中Th1细胞因子IFNγ-浓度(126.41±5.17)pg/mL,高于模型组(86.52±5.10)pg/mL(P<0.05);而Th2细胞因子IL-4浓度(50.02±2.79)pg/mL低于模型组(78.30±3.88)pg/mL(P<0.05)。结论SEB能减少哮喘豚鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液中嗜酸性粒细胞数量,可以通过调节Th1/Th2细胞因子的比值来减轻气道哮喘炎症反应。     

Thl7淋巴细胞在哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的初步研究

目的:初步探索Th17细胞及其分泌的炎症介质在哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的作用机制.方法:20只小鼠随机均分为哮喘组和正常对照组.哮喘组用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立小鼠哮喘模型.正常对照组致敏与激发均以生理盐水代替.HE染色观察小鼠气道及肺组织病理变化;光学显微镜下观察小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞分类及计数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠BALF上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IFN-γ及IL-17的含量,流式细胞技术(FCM)检测小鼠外周血Th1、Th2及Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+T淋巴细胞百分率情况.结果:哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞总数和中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞百分率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),BALF上清中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13及IL-17的水平显著增高(P<0.05),而IFN-γ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),外周血Th2、Th17细胞明显增高(P<0.05),而Th1细胞无明显变化.结论:Th17细胞及其分泌的炎症介质可促进中性粒细胞及嗜酸性粒细胞在气道内聚集,加重哮喘气道炎症,可能与哮喘气道重塑密切相关.     

Th17淋巴细胞及相关细胞因子加重哮喘小鼠气道炎症

目的:研究Th17淋巴细胞及其相关的细胞因子在加重哮喘小鼠气道炎症中的作用机制.方法:20只小鼠随机均分为哮喘组和正常对照组.哮喘组用卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏与激发建立小鼠哮喘模型.对照组致敏与激发均以生理盐水代替.HE染色观察小鼠气道及肺组织病理变化;光学显微镜下观察小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞分类及计数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测小鼠BALF上清中IL-4、IFN-γ及IL-17的含量,流式细胞技术(FCM)检测小鼠外周血Th1、Th2及Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分率情况.将外周血各T淋巴细胞亚群与BALF的中性粒细胞数作相关性分析.结果:哮喘组小鼠BALF中细胞数及中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、淋巴细胞百分率均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),BALF上清中IL-4和IL-17的水平显著增高(P＜0.05),而IFN-γ的水平显著降低(P＜0.05),外周血Th2、Th17淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分比显著增高(P＜0.05),而Th1淋巴细胞占CD4+细胞百分比显著降低(P＜0.05).相关性分析显示Th1淋巴细胞与BALF的中性粒细胞数呈显著负相关(rThl=-0.446,P＜0.05),Th17淋巴细胞与BALF的中性粒细胞数呈显著正相关(rTh17=0.394,P＜0.05).结论:Th17淋巴细胞可促进中性粒细胞及炎性介质在哮喘小鼠气道内的聚集,加重气道炎症.     

HSP70/CD80嵌合DNA疫苗对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道高反应性的作用

目的 研究HSP70/CD80嵌合DNA质粒对哮喘小鼠气道炎症和气道高反应性的作用,为安全可靠的新型免疫调节性疫苗奠定基础.方法 将40只雌性健康BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组:对照组、哮喘组、pcDNA3.1载体组、HSP70/CD80嵌合DNA疫苗组,每组10只.用HSP70/CD80嵌合疫苗免疫小鼠后,建立鸡卵清蛋白致敏的小鼠哮喘模型,观察其气道阻力变化,支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-13、IFN-γ含量的变化.取肺组织进行病理组织学分析,观察肺内炎症情况.结果 HSP70/CD80嵌合DNA疫苗免疫小鼠后,能有效减轻气道炎症(P＜0.05),降低气道阻力(P＜0.05),肺泡灌洗液中IFNl的分泌增加(P＜0.05),IL-13降低.结论 HSP70/CD80嵌合DNA疫苗可促进免疫反应向Th1偏移并增加IFN-γ的生成,减轻气道炎症,降低气道阻力,这为过敏性哮喘新型免疫调节性疫苗的机制及应用研究提供了实验资料.     

P2X4受体拮抗剂5-BDBD对过敏性哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响

目的观察P2X4受体拮抗剂5-BDBD对过敏性哮喘小鼠气道炎症的影响。方法实验BALB/c小鼠分为正常对照组、哮喘组、5-BDBD组。卵蛋白致敏及气道激发制作过敏性哮喘模型。应用Western blot检测肺组织P2X4受体表达水平,HE染色观察肺组织病理学改变,ELISA检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALE)中IL-1β、TNF-α的表达水平。结果过敏性哮喘小鼠肺组织P2X4受体表达明显增高;给予5-BDBD处理后过敏性哮喘小鼠气道周围炎性浸润明显减轻,支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β、TNF-α的含量较哮喘组相比也明显降低。结论嘌呤碱P2X4受体拮抗剂5-BDBD能够减轻过敏性哮喘小鼠气道炎症的发生。     

玉屏风散对小鼠哮喘合并人偏肺病毒感染的干预机制探讨

目的:建立人偏肺病毒(Human metapneumovirus,hMPV)感染的哮喘小鼠模型,验证玉屏风散对hMPV诱导的哮喘小鼠气道高反应性和炎症的疗效并初步探讨其机理。方法:随机将48只雌性BALB/c小鼠分为对照组(A组)、OVA致敏激发哮喘组(B组)、偏肺病毒哮喘组(C组)、小剂量玉屏风组(D组)、中剂量玉屏风组(E组)、大剂量玉屏风组(F组),采用卵蛋白致敏和激发,hMPV滴鼻方法建立哮喘人偏肺病毒感染模型并给予玉屏风治疗,采用动物体描箱法测定气道反应性;采用支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞分类计数;肺组织病理切片HE染色观察炎性细胞浸润;采用流式细胞术分别测定肺部细胞因子IFNγ-和IL-4、IL-17。结果:(1)随吸入乙酰甲胆碱浓度增加各组气道反应性明显增加,C组比B组气道反应性显著升高(P<0.05);F组气道反应性明显降低,低于C组(P<0.05);(2)各组BALF中白细胞总数及炎症细胞数都比对照组显著升高,C组BALF中白细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞与B组、F组相比显著升高(P<0.05);(3)各哮喘组的炎症评分都显著高于对照组。在细支气管周围炎、肺泡炎方面B组和F组比C组明显减轻(P<0.05)。(4)A、B组IFNγ-无差异(P>0.05),各剂量组IFNγ-,IFNγ-/IL-4均显著高于B、C组(P<0.05);哮喘组、治疗组IL-4显著高于正常组(P<0.01),但各组间无明显差异;与B组相比,C组IL-17水平明显升高(P<0.05);与C组相比,E、F组IL-17水平明显降低。结论:大剂量玉屏风散可以抑制感染hMPV哮喘小鼠的气道高反应性及气道炎症,且改善Th1/Th2失衡状态。     

The Th1/Th2 paradigm

The Th1/Th2 paradigm provides a useful model for understanding the pathogenesis of several diseases, as well as for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, Sergio Romagnani examines Th1/Th2 polarization in the context of associated pathophysiological conditions.     

Th1/Th2 balance in infection

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are of critical importance for the outcome of many infectious diseases. Producing the right set of Cyokines in response to an infectious agent can be a matter of life or death. The Th1/Th2 dichotomy, although an oversimplification has proven useful in the analysis of immune responses to infections. In some infectious diseases, most notably leishmaniasis or infections with gastrointestinal helminths, one Th subset is indispensable for clearing the infection, whereas the opposite Th subset is detrimental. More frequently, both Th1 and Th2 responses are required at different time points to effectively eradicate an infectious agent. The granuloma responses to eitherMycobacterium tuberculosis orSchistosoma mansoni provide illustrative examples and are discussed in this review. There is accumulating evidence for frequent coexpression of Th1 and Th2 Cyokines during the in vivo immune response to infections. The mechanisms by which infectious agents modulate Th1/Th2 phenotype development are summarized here. Finally, we review here the current evidence for cytokine imbalances induced by infections as pathogenic or protective factors in autoimmunity and allergy.     

Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the balance between Th1 cytokines and Th2 cytokines plays a role in modulation of cellular responses in the brain during psychological stress and psychiatric disorders. The Th3 cytokine, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), has been shown to regulate the balance between Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. However, the role of TGF-beta1 in the psychoimmunology of depression has never been explored. METHODS: A total of 40 depressed patients and 80 normal controls were recruited. The plasma levels of IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TGF-beta1 were studied at the time of admission and 8 weeks after antidepressant treatment. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who showed immunoreactivity to IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the plasma, and the plasma IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio, were significantly higher in depressed patients than in controls. The IFN-gamma/TGF-beta1 ratio was also higher in depressed patients, and TGF-beta1 levels showed a significant negative correlation with the HDRS depression scale. After treatment, TGF-beta1 level increased significantly, and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio decreased significantly, in the patient group. However, Th1 changes in male and female showed different trend such as Th1 arm was decreased after the treatment in all male, whereas it was increased in premenopausal age women. LIMITATIONS: Replication and extension using a larger sample size are required. CONCLUSIONS: The Th1 and Th2 cytokine imbalance was observed in subpopulation of depressed patients. TGF-beta1 seemed to play a role in the pathophysiology of depression in this population. Moreover, antidepressant treatment was found to affect the Th1/Th2 balance through the action of TGF-beta1.     

Stability of Th1 and Th2 populations

Using an in vitro model for the development of IFN-y-producIng(Th1) and IL-4-produclng (Th1) cells from CD4 T lymphocytesexpressing a transgenlc TCR, we show that IL-12 and IL-4 arethe most potent stimuli for the differentiation of naive T cellsto effector populations. When combinations of cytokines arepresent during T cell priming, the effect of IL-4 Is dominant.Furthermore, differentiated Th1 cells can be converted intoIL-4 producers by exposure to IL-4, but the Th2 phenotype Isnot reversible. The stability of Th2 populations may limit theability to regulate Th2-domlnant responses In pathologic situations.     

Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与糖尿病肾病相关性的研究

糖尿病肾病(diabetic Nephropathy,DN)是导致终末期肾脏病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)的最主要病因,因此,早期诊断和治疗是糖尿病肾病的诊治要点。但目前糖尿病肾病的确切发病机制尚未完全明确,糖尿病肾病的发生发展与血流动力学改变和代谢的紊乱、氧化应激和炎症等多种因素有关,而细胞因子在2型糖尿病及其相关肾脏并发症的病因、发病机制中也起着重要的作用,各种细胞因子的识别将为糖尿病肾病的诊治提供新的潜在治疗靶点。文章就Th1、Th2、Th17型细胞因子与DN相关性的研究作了综述。