体内噬菌体展示技术筛选人髓样乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞特异性结合肽及其性质、结合效果研究

目的探讨体内噬菌体展示技术筛选的人髓样乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞特异性结合肽的性质和结合效果,为乳腺癌早期诊断提供分子靶向探针。方法制备人髓样乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞荷瘤裸鼠模型,采用噬菌体环七肽库进行3轮体内筛选。免疫组织化学法检测筛选的噬菌体在肿瘤及正常组织中的分布情况。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)鉴定单克隆噬菌体对Bcap-37细胞的亲合力。提取阳性单克隆噬菌体DNA并测序,选取重复率高的序列合成多肽,制备光学分子探针,应用荧光分子成像验证合成的多肽在荷瘤小鼠体内对乳腺移植瘤的特异性和靶向性。结果第3轮体内筛选的噬菌体回收率为第1轮的107.2倍。免疫组织化学结果显示,随筛选轮次增加,肿瘤组织中结合的噬菌体依次增加;肿瘤组织结合的噬菌体多于正常组织(肺脏、骨骼肌、肝脏、肾脏),肿瘤组织切片扫描图像的吸光度(A)值均较正常组织高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。ELISA结果显示,随机选取的50个单克隆噬菌体中,22个为阳性(亲合力≥2)。阳性单克隆噬菌体DNA测序分析后,得到4条有重复的氨基酸序列,选择重复率最高的氨基酸序列CSPLNTRFC,化学合成异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记的CSPLNTRFC多肽。Bcap-37细胞荷瘤裸鼠模型体内验证实验显示,FITC-CSPLNTRFC多肽能明显富集在乳腺移植瘤组织。结论利用体内噬菌体展示技术能够筛选出可与人髓样乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞特异性结合的多肽CSPLNTRFC,有助于进行乳腺癌早期诊断的体外研究。     

宫颈癌HeLa细胞特异性结合肽的筛选及鉴定

背景与目的:宫颈癌的分子靶向治疗具有很好的疗效,同时可以显著减少抗癌药物对人体自身的损伤,因此备受关注。本研究利用噬菌体体内展示技术筛选及鉴定宫颈癌特异性结合肽,将有可能成为化疗药物的靶向载体,为宫颈癌靶向药物治疗奠定基础。方法:体外培养宫颈癌HeLa细胞接种裸鼠,建立肿瘤动物模型。将随机肽库尾静脉注入裸鼠体内,循环15 min,心脏灌注后回收肿瘤组织噬菌体扩增、纯化并以此作为起始物进行第2轮的筛选,如此进行3轮体内筛选后挑取噬菌体克隆,进行免疫组化及ELISA实验,初步鉴定噬菌体克隆对宫颈癌细胞的亲和力及特异性,并将具有强亲和力的克隆进行测序。结果:ELISA结果显示,随机挑选10个噬菌体单克隆中8个克隆对HeLa细胞具有很强的亲和力,将这8个克隆进行测序,获得相同短肽序列LLRSTGF。结论:利用噬菌体展示技术筛选出与宫颈癌细胞HeLa特异性结合的短肽,进一步与化疗药物结合,为宫颈癌靶向治疗提供新的方法。     

体内示踪技术评价噬菌体展示肽GX1特异靶向胃癌新生血管

目的:评价噬菌体展示肽GX1与胃癌新生血管结合的特异性及体内靶向性。方法:化学合成Bio-GX1展示肽;构建人胃癌移植瘤裸鼠模型,A组将Bio-GX1展示肽经尾静脉注入荷瘤小鼠体内,分别于体内循环8h、12h、18h、24h时处死裸鼠,B组将GX1噬菌体经尾静脉注入荷瘤小鼠体内,于体内循环8min时处死裸鼠,免疫荧光方法检测GX1噬菌体及展示肽与胃癌血管体内结合特异性及靶向性;构建小鼠肾包膜下胃癌移植瘤模型,分别于移植瘤术后第5天、第10天经尾静脉注入Bio-GX1展示肽,体内循环8h处死小鼠,免疫荧光方法检测GX1与胃癌血管体内结合的特异性及靶向性。结果:GX1展示肽体内循环8-24h,GX1噬菌体体内循环8min,可特异靶向人胃癌移植瘤裸鼠胃癌组织血管,而与肝、心、脾、肾(脑)、肺、肌肉组织等对照组织血管未见明显结合;GX1展示肽体内循环8h,可特异靶向小鼠肾包膜下胃癌移植瘤模型肿瘤血管,与对照组织血管未见明显结合。结论:GX1噬菌体及展示肽均可在体内特异靶向胃癌血管,具有体内胃癌血管靶向性,可作为胃癌血管靶向治疗及诊断的有效候选分子。     

胃癌SGC7901细胞特异性结合肽的筛选及鉴定

目的筛选与人胃癌细胞株SGC7901特异性亲和的短肽,提高胃癌治疗的针对性。方法建立裸鼠胃癌模型,将噬菌体随机环7肽文库通过尾静脉注射入裸鼠体内,每轮筛选后测噬菌体效价。采用免疫组化及ELISA等方法,对目标噬菌体进行检测,提取噬菌体DNA,进行序列测定。结果经过4轮筛选,噬菌体在胃癌肿瘤组织中得以明显富集。免疫组化结果显示肿瘤组织为强阳性。ELISA结果显示:随机挑选的13个克隆中12个对SGC7901细胞的亲和力高。序列测定结果:PPRWMPS出现的次数最多。结论提示短肽PPRWMPS可能对荷瘤裸鼠模型的胃癌组织具有很强地结合力,有望成为胃癌治疗的靶点。     

噬菌体随机肽库中与神经胶质瘤细胞系SWO-38特异性靶向结合短肽的筛选

背景与目的：神经胶质瘤的常规治疗尚难取得令人满意的效果，寻找高效和高特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的药物已成为提高其治愈率的研究热点。本研究旨在利用噬菌体随机肽库找到与神经胶质瘤细胞系SWO-38特异性结合并内化人细胞的短肽序列。方法：利用噬菌体随机12肽库对肿瘤细胞进行5轮全细胞筛选，分析筛选后单克隆对神经胶质瘤细胞的特异性结合能力并进行免疫荧光分析。提取单克隆DNA，测序，得出短肽序列进行比对分析。结果：通过5轮筛选后的噬菌体库及所挑选的表面及内化部分各13个单克隆均显示对胶质瘤细胞有较高的特异性结合，并测序得到三条重复性高的多肽序列。免疫荧光分析显示噬菌体大量聚集在细胞表面并能够内化进入到细胞内。结论：通过噬菌体随机肽库对肿瘤细胞进行全细胞筛选得到的噬菌体多肽能高特异性与胶质瘤瘤细胞SWO-38结合，可作为肿瘤导向药物研究的载体。     

乳腺癌干细胞新型多肽标志物的筛选

目的:从噬菌体随机十二肽库中筛选出能够与乳腺癌干细胞(breast cancer stem cell,BCSC)特异性结合的噬菌体,筛选后提取多肽以研究其与BCSC的亲和力和特异性。方法:通过"无血清-有血清"交替培养法培养人乳腺癌MCF7和MDA-MB-231细胞系,以求最大化富集BCSC,将hs578bst正常人乳腺细胞和普通培养的乳腺癌细胞用作减性筛选细胞,筛选噬菌体随机肽库;然后根据筛选结果选取阳性噬菌体进行单克隆扩增并测序,得到测序结果后依据合成多肽,标记以FITC;最后,建立乳腺癌动物模型,并在体外观察合成多肽与BCSC结合的特异性。结果:经过3轮筛选,噬菌体富集约200倍;随机选出10株单克隆噬菌体,与BCSC共同培养,其中与MCF7和MDA-MB-231乳腺癌干细胞阳性结合的噬菌体数目分别为6株和8株;分别从中选取1个阳性噬菌体进行测序,合成多肽后分别命名为A3和B8;多肽A3特异性结合MCF7乳腺癌干细胞,同时多肽B8特异结合MDA-MB-231乳腺癌干细胞。结论:噬菌体随机肽库可成功筛选出能够特异性结合BCSC的多肽,为BCSC的靶向治疗和进一步研究奠定了理论基础。     

胃癌腹膜高转移细胞特异性结合噬菌体多肽的筛选及鉴定

目的寻找能够与胃癌腹膜高转移细胞GC9811-P特异性结合的噬菌体多肽,探索治疗胃癌腹膜转移的新方法。方法运用噬菌体呈现肽技术,先后用胃癌的腹膜高转移细胞系GC9811-P和其亲本细胞GC9811对噬菌体12肽库进行消减性的全细胞淘洗．经过3轮筛选,随机挑选40个噬菌体单克隆C1～G40。用ELISA法选取能够与GC9811-P特异性结合的单克隆。将选出的单克隆分别注入裸鼠腹腔,采用免疫组化法排除与正常组织亦高结合的阳性单克隆。对筛选出的噬菌体克隆进行DNA序列测定,并推导其外源性氨基酸序列,进行同源性分析。结果经过3轮淘洗,噬菌体克隆得到理想富集。C9、C18、C23、C29、C34和C37可与GC9811-P特异性结合,经免疫组化证实,这6个单克隆均不与裸鼠腹腔内正常组织结合。测序结果大致展示了两种外源性多肽,即TLNINRLIIPRT和SMSIxSPYIxxx。结论筛选出6个可与GC9811-P细胞特异性结合的噬菌体多肽;这两个肽序列能否阻断GC9811-P细胞向腹膜转移尚待进一步确定。     

噬菌体随机12肽库筛选肝癌患者血清肿瘤标记物的初步研究

目的：从噬菌体随机多肽文库中,筛选出能与肝癌患者血清特异性结合的短肽分子.方法：采用肝癌患者血清作为配基,筛选以融合蛋白形式在丝状噬菌体M13外壳蛋白Ⅲ表达的随机12肽文库.按吸附一洗脱一扩增的淘筛过程,经3轮淘筛后,随机挑取噬菌体克隆用ELISA检测其特异性,评价分析其诊断肝癌的价值.结果：经3轮淘筛后,特异性结合的噬菌体富集增加近100倍.用.ELISA检测第3轮筛选后随机挑取的单个噬菌体克隆,其中特异性最好的3个克隆具有诊断肝癌的潜在价值.结论：噬菌体展示肽库技术,可以有效进行肝癌相关抗原肽的筛选研究,为获得特异性诊断试剂进而为肝癌的诊断提供依据.     

噬菌体随机12肽库筛选肝癌患者血清肿瘤标记物的初步研究

目的:从噬菌体随机多肽文库中,筛选出能与肝癌患者血清特异性结合的短肽分子.方法:采用肝癌患者血清作为配基,筛选以融合蛋白形式在丝状噬菌体M13外壳蛋白Ⅲ表达的随机12肽文库.按吸附一洗脱一扩增的淘筛过程,经3轮淘筛后,随机挑取噬菌体克隆用ELISA检测其特异性,评价分析其诊断肝癌的价值.结果:经3轮淘筛后,特异性结合的噬菌体富集增加近100倍.用.ELISA检测第3轮筛选后随机挑取的单个噬菌体克隆,其中特异性最好的3个克隆具有诊断肝癌的潜在价值.结论:噬菌体展示肽库技术,可以有效进行肝癌相关抗原肽的筛选研究,为获得特异性诊断试剂进而为肝癌的诊断提供依据.     

MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞特异性多肽的初步筛选

目的 利用噬菌体展示技术,从噬菌体随机十二肽库中筛选出能够特异性结合MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞的噬菌体克隆.方法 以人正常乳腺细胞为减性筛选细胞、MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞为靶细胞,对噬菌体随机十二肽库进行筛选,挑取富集后的阳性单克隆噬菌体,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）及DAB染色鉴定阳性噬菌体的特异性及亲和力.结果 经过3轮筛选,噬菌体得到约113倍的富集,随机挑选11株单克隆噬菌体,ELISA显示8号噬菌体单克隆对乳腺癌细胞的亲和力是对照的6.5倍,DAB鉴定亦显示其对乳腺癌细胞的特异性及亲和力最高,命名为LK-8.结论 利用噬菌体筛选技术成功筛选出能够特异性结合MDA-MB-231乳腺癌细胞的特异性噬菌体单克隆LK-8,可为进一步合成特异性多肽用于早期诊断和靶向治疗乳腺癌奠定基础.     

肿瘤特异单链抗体库的构建及肿瘤血管特异性结合抗体的体内筛选

目的:研究化疗药物依托泊苷对腺病毒载体介导的外源基因在肿瘤细胞内表达水平的影响。方法:携带外源基因增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的复制缺陷型腺病毒Ad5-CMV-EGFP(MOI为1或10)单独或联合终质量浓度为0.2、2、20、40、80、100和200μg/ml的依托泊苷感染体外培养的肿瘤细胞NCI-H446(人非小细胞肺癌细胞株)、A549(人肺腺癌细胞株)、SMMC-7721(人肝癌细胞株)、SGC7901(人胃癌细胞株)、SKBR-3(人乳腺癌细胞株)和BTT(小鼠膀胱移行上皮癌细胞株)后不同时间,流式细胞仪分析肿瘤细胞EGFP阳性率和平均荧光强度,Western blotting检测EGFP蛋白表达,RT-PCR和实时荧光定量PCR检测肿瘤细胞内EGFP的mRNA表达量和DNA拷贝数。结果:不同剂量的依托泊苷可不同程度地提高Ad5-CMV-EGFP在7种肿瘤细胞内的表达水平,但对EGFP阳性率无明显提高。10MOI的Ad5-CMV-EGFP联合40μg/ml依托泊苷分别感染肿瘤细胞NCI-H446、NCI-H460、A549、SMMC-7721、SGC7901、SKBR-3和BTT24h后,细胞内EGFP的荧光强度分别是单独感染的3.3、3.5、3.1、6.2、7.0、5.4和3.4倍。Ad5-CMV-EGFP联合应用依托泊苷后肿瘤细胞内EGFP蛋白表达增加2~5倍,EGFP mRNA表达量提高,但DNA拷贝数未见明显改变。结论:依托泊苷可提高腺病毒载体介导的外源基因在肿瘤细胞内的表达水平,该作用可能是在转录水平上发挥作用的。     

胃癌细胞特异性结合肽的筛选及鉴定

目的 筛选与胃癌细胞特异性结合的多肽。方法 以正常细胞为吸附细胞,胃癌细胞为筛选靶细胞对噬菌体随机12肽库进行消减筛,用细胞酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、免疫细胞和组织化学法及裸鼠正常组织结合实验鉴定阳性克隆并进行DNA测序。结果 经三轮筛选,利用ELISA从随机挑选的24个噬菌体克隆中得到8个与胃癌细胞具有高结合力的噬菌体阳性克隆,经免疫细胞化学及裸鼠正常组织结合试验鉴定,发现第20、24两个克隆能与胃癌细胞特异性结合,而不与正常细胞和裸鼠组织结合,噬菌体阳性克隆氨基酸序列无同源性。结论 得到两个序列不同的特异性结合胃癌细胞的噬菌体克隆,这可为进一步的研究提供实验依据。     

Phage-displayed random peptide libraries in mice: toxicity after serial panning

PURPOSE: In vivo screening of phage-displayed random peptide libraries (RPLs) has been used to identify peptide ligands to targets found on endothelial cells of blood vessels supplying specific tissues such as brain, kidney, and tumor tissue. Peptides that bind specifically to blood vessels supplying tumor tissue have been conjugated to cytotoxic agents and used to successfully eradicate tumors in a mouse model. With the ultimate goal of developing similar methods for treating human cancer, we describe an in vivo RPL screening process that, unlike previous in vivo experiments, does not harm the animal being screened. METHODS: RPLs were administered to FVB, BalbC, and tumor-bearing MRL/MpJ-fas(LPR) mice in a variety of dosing formats. Tumor nodules were excised 10 min following infusion and phage were amplified from the specimens. Phage were reinjected into the same animal within 48 h. This process was repeated twice for a total of three in vivo screens of mouse tumor tissue within the same animal. Mice were observed for systemic side effects, histopathologic damage, and presence of phage in organs. Peptide sequences were determined from several third-pan phage clones. RESULTS: Overall there was minimal toxicity from administration of single or repeat doses of RPLs. Amino acid consensus sequences were identified and some of the sequences were similar to those of peptide ligands that bind matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSIONS: Serial administration of an RPL is well tolerated and serial panning in individual mice leading to consensus sequence motifs is possible. Based on these preclinical data the Food and Drug Administration has approved the implementation of human clinical trials with this technique.     

筛选与KDR有结合活性的小肽

目的：从噬菌体12肽库和环7肽库中,筛选能够与KDR分子有特异结合活性的小肽。方法：以KDR/IgGFc为靶分子筛选噬菌体12和肽7肽库,经过3轮筛选和竞争性洗脱后,由ELISA、细胞-ELISA和竞争结合实验,鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆并测序。结果：从40个噬菌体克隆中得到12个能特异性与靶分子结合的阳性克隆,其中,6个噬菌体克隆与靶分子有较强的结合力,6个结合力较弱。结论：测序结果表明,12条小肽的一级结构中没有发现共同模式。特异性与KDR结合的活性小肽,有望在临床上作为放化疗药物的导向肽,以提高药物的选择性和降低其毒副作用。     

Peptide-mediated targeting to tumor blood vessels of lung cancer for drug delivery

Antiangiogenesis therapies for the treatment of cancers hold the promise of high efficacy and low toxicity. In vivo phage display was used to identify peptides specifically targeting tumor blood vessels. The peptide SP5-52 recognized tumor neovasculature but not normal blood vessels in severe combined immunodeficiency mice bearing human tumors. Synthetic peptide was shown to inhibit the binding of PC5-52 phage particles to the tumor mass in the competitive inhibition assay. Several selected phage clones displayed the consensus motif, proline-serine-proline, and this motif was crucial for peptide binding to the tumor neovasculature. SP5-52 peptides also bound vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells and blood vessels of human lung cancer surgical specimens. Furthermore, this targeting phage was shown to home to tumor tissues from eight different types of human tumor xenografts following in vivo phage display experiments. An SP5-52 peptide-linked liposome carrying doxorubicin enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, markedly decreased tumor blood vessels, and resulted in higher survival rates of human lung and oral cancer-bearing xenograft mice. The current study indicates that ligand-targeted therapy offers improved therapeutic effects over conventional anticancer drug therapy, and that the peptide SP5-52 specifically targets tumor neovasculature and is a good candidate for targeted drug delivery to solid tumors.     

In Vivo Selection of Phage Sequences and Characterization of Peptide-specific Binding to Breast Cancer Cells

OBJECTIVE To screen specific polypeptide target binding to breast cancer xenogra s in vivo from a phage-displayed peptide library in order to provide peptide sequences for breast cancer tumor-targeting diagnosis and therapy. METHODS A mouse model for carrying breast cancer xenografts was established using Tientsin Albinao II mice(TA II).A 12-peptide library was biopanned through 4 rounds. Phages were recovered and titrated from tumor xenografts and control tissue(liver).The distribution of phages was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Phage homing to breast cancer was enriched through 4 rounds of biopanning,being 14-fold of that recovered from liver tissue.A peptide sequence,ASANPFPTKALL was characterized by randomly picked-up clones which appeared most frequently. Immunohistochemical staining revealed phage localization in cancer xenografts 40 min after injection of the enriched phages. When a specific phage was tested individually,the phage reclaimed from breast cancer xenografts was 14 times as those from control tissues. CONCLUSION Tumor-specific homing peptides may provide an effective tool for breast cancer target therapy.The in vivo phage display selection technique employed in this study was feasible and applicable to screening peptides that home to breast cells.     

Identification of peptides that bind to irradiated pancreatic tumor cells

PURPOSE: Peptides targeting tumor vascular cells or tumor cells themselves have the potential to be used as vectors for delivering either DNA in gene therapy or antitumor agents in chemotherapy. We wished to determine if peptides identified by phage display could be used to target irradiated pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Irradiated Capan-2 cells were incubated with 5 x 10(12) plaque-forming units of a phage display library. Internalized phage were recovered and absorbed against unirradiated cells. After five such cycles of enrichment, the recovered phage were subjected to DNA sequencing analysis and synthetic peptides made. The binding of both phage and synthetic peptides was evaluated by fluorescence staining and flow cytometry in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: We identified one 12-mer peptide (PA1) that binds to irradiated Capan-2 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells but not to unirradiated cells. The binding of peptide was significant after 48 h incubation with cells. In vivo experiments with Capan-2 xenografts in nude mice demonstrated that these small peptides are able to penetrate tumor tissue after intravenous injections and bind specifically to irradiated tumor cells. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that peptides can be identified that target tumors with radiation-induced cell markers and may be clinically useful.