联合应用GH和Gln对短肠大鼠小肠粘膜上皮细胞谷氨酰胺酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的影响

目的 :探讨生长激素和谷氨酰胺促进小肠粘膜上皮细胞分裂增殖的作用途径及它们发挥协同作用的可能机制。方法 :选用 4 0只手术成功的SD短肠大鼠 ,按 2× 2析因实验设计随机分为四组 ,分别给予常规全肠外营养(STD组 ,n =1 0 )、附加谷氨酰胺 (Gln组 ,n =1 0 )、附加生长激素 (GH组 ,n =1 0 )及附加谷氨酰胺和生长激素全肠外营养 (GG组 ,n =1 0 ) ,持续 6天 ,取 8只正常大鼠模拟手术后第一天处死 ,作为基础对照组 (Gontrol组 ,n =8)。分别应用分光光度法和荧光分光光度法测定各组大鼠小肠粘膜上皮鸟氨酸脱羧酶和谷氨酰胺酶活性。结果 :谷氨酰胺能够显著增强小肠粘膜鸟氨酸脱羧酶和谷氨酰胺酶的活性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,生长激素对这两种酶活性无明显影响 ,而联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素可明显增强此两种酶的活性 ,效果优于Gln的单独应用 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :研究表明联合应用生长激素和谷氨酰胺能显著增强短肠大鼠小肠粘膜上皮谷氨酰胺酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性 ,促进小肠粘膜细胞对谷氨酰胺的代谢和多胺的生成 ,从而发挥其促进小肠粘膜细胞分裂增殖 ,防止小肠粘膜萎缩的发生的作用。     

联合应用生长激素和谷氨酰胺对短肠大鼠小肠粘膜形态结构的影响——光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察

目的探讨联合应用生长激素和谷氨酰胺对小肠粘膜的营养作用.材料和方法研究选用40只手术成功的SD短肠大鼠,按2×2析因实验设计随机分为四组,分别给予常规全肠外营养、附加谷氨酰胺、附加生长激素及附加谷氨酰胺和生长激素全肠外营养,持续6天.应用光镜和电镜技术对残留小肠进行形态学对比研究.结果单用谷氨酰胺和生长激素均可不同程度增加小肠粘膜的粘膜厚度、肠腺深度、绒毛高度和表面积(P＜0.01),维持肠粘膜上皮吸收细胞超微结构的正常形态,但联用谷氨酰胺和生长激素的效果优于各自单独使用(P＜0.01).结论研究表明联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素能够更有效的防止小肠粘膜萎缩,维持其上皮吸收细胞超微结构的正常形态和结构完整性,为临床谷氨酰胺和生长激素的联合应用提供实验依据.     

联合应用生长激素和谷氨酰胺对短肠大鼠小肠粘膜吸收功能的影响

目的 :探讨联合应用生长激素和谷氨酰胺对短肠大鼠小肠粘膜吸收功能的影响。材料和方法 :研究选用 40只手术成功的SD短肠大鼠 ,按 2× 2析因实验设计随机分为四组 ,分别给予常规全肠外营养、附加谷氨酰胺、附加生长激素及附加谷氨酰胺和生长激素全肠外营养 ,持续 6天。应用生化酶学的方法测定各组小肠粘膜上皮Na+ ,K+ ATPase的活性。结果 :谷氨酰胺组小肠粘膜Na+ ,K+ ATPase的活性较常规组明显增高 ;生长激素组Na+ ,K+ ATPase的活性无明显增高 ;而联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素组小肠粘膜上皮Na+ ,K+ ATPase的活性较常规组亦有显著性增高。结论 :研究表明联合应用谷氨酰胺和生长激素能够有效的增加小肠粘膜上皮Na+ ,K+ AT Pase的活性 ,从而提高其吸收功能。     

Gln和rhGH对门脉高压症术后肠粘膜屏障及增殖细胞核抗原表达的影响

目的：研究单独或联合应用谷氨酰胺（Gln）和重组人生长激素（rhGH）对门脉高压症术后肠粘膜屏障功能的保护作用及机制。方法:29例门静脉高压症术后患者随机分为4组：①Gln组（n=6），②rhGH组（n=8），③Gln+rhGH组（n=7）和④对照组（n=8）。术后3 d开始进行等氮、等热量的全胃肠外营养支持（TPN），持续7 d。对手术前、后的尿乳果糖排泄率/甘露醇排泄率（L/M）、十二指肠粘膜绒毛高度、陷窝深度及肠粘膜增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达指数进行对比。结果:Gln+rhGH组术后L/M值升高小于对照组（P<0.05），肠粘膜绒毛高度和陷窝深度大于对照组（P<0.05）及术前（P<0.05），肠粘膜上皮PCNA表达指数大于术前及其它3组（P<0.05）；对照组术后绒毛高度小于术前（P<0.05），陷窝深度变化无显著（P＞0.05）。结论：联合应用Gln和rhGH能降低门脉高压症术后肠壁通透性并维护肠粘膜形态学完整性，单用Gln或rhGH无此作用。这种作用可能与增加肠黏膜PCNA表达而促进肠黏膜上皮细胞增殖有关。     

谷氨酰胺二肽肠外营养对大鼠移植小肠的营养作用-小肠粘膜上皮细胞的DNA含量、增殖细胞核心蛋白和核仁组成区嗜银蛋白计数的研究

研究采用18只接受纯种异体小肠移植的Wistar大鼠,随机分组,分别给予常规全肠外营养和附加3%丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺二肽的全肠外营养,持续10天.活体取材,应用图像分析技术测定移植小肠粘膜上皮细胞的DNA倍体分布及含量,并用银染法和ABC法对小肠粘膜上皮细胞的核仁组成区嗜银蛋白和增殖细胞核心蛋白进行染色和定量分析.结果显示:谷氨酰胺组移植小肠粘膜上皮细胞的DNA含量、核仁组成区嗜银蛋白和增殖细胞核心蛋白的计数值均显著大于常规组.研究表明:附加丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺二肽的肠外营养可增加移植小肠粘膜上皮细胞的DNA含量,促进其分裂增殖.     

谷氨酰胺二肽肠外营养对大鼠移植小肠的营养作用——小肠粘膜的形态学观察

研究采用18只接受纯种近段空肠异体移植的Wistar大鼠,随机分组,分别给于常规全肠外营养(n=8)和含3%丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺二肽的全肠外营养(n=10),持续10天.应用光镜、电镜和组织化学等技术对两组大鼠的移植小肠进行形态学的对比研究.结果显示:谷氨酰胺组移植小肠的粘膜厚度、隐窝深度、绒毛高度和绒毛表面积均明显大于常规组(P相似文献   

谷氨酰胺全肠外营养对短肠大鼠消化器的影响——Ⅰ.小肠、胃和结肠的形态学研究

研究采用35只雄性Wistar大鼠,手术建成短肠大鼠全肠外营养模型,分为饮食、常规全肠外营养、2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养和正常组,持续8天静脉输液或喂养后,采用光镜、电镜和图像分析等方法,对残留小肠、胃和结肠进行形态学观察和相关指标的测定,结果提示:2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组残留小肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、粘膜及肠壁全层厚度均明显大于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组的各组相关指标,均明显大于其它各组.透射电镜观察:2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛明显高于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组小肠上皮细胞的微绒毛明显高于其它各组.并且2%谷氨酰胺-全肠外营养组胃和结肠粘膜和全层厚度均明显大于常规全肠外营养组,饮食组胃的相关指标明显大于其它各组.研究证明:含2%谷氨酰胺的静脉营养液可防止短肠大鼠残留小肠|胃和结肠粘膜的萎缩,饮食刺激是胃肠道粘膜生长的重要因素.     

谷氨酰胺对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用及机制

目的:探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的治疗作用及机制。方法:8周龄BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组:Control组:对照;Gln组:DSS诱导结肠炎(4%DSS,7 d)+Gln治疗(1.5 g/kg,4周);DSS组:DSS诱导结肠炎。4周后处死小鼠评估结肠炎症、疾病活动度、上皮细胞凋亡、肠黏膜炎症因子及NF-κb(p65)信号通路。结果:Gln显著降低了DSS模型小鼠的结肠炎症、疾病活动度及上皮细胞凋亡。Gln抑制了肠黏膜NF-κb(p65)信号通路。结论:Gln治疗可减轻肠道炎症,降低肠上皮细胞凋亡,这可能是通过抑制肠黏膜NF-κB(p65)信号通路。     

四逆汤对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响

目的: 观察四逆汤(SND)对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响。方法: 32只SD大鼠随机分为4组(n=8):对照组(仅作假手术处理)、模型组(阻断肠系膜上动脉1 h后再灌注3 h)、SND1组(SND 0.6 g/200 g大鼠灌胃3 d后手术)及SND 2组(SND 1.2 g/200 g大鼠灌胃3 d后手术)。实验时取回肠末端组织行电镜检查,并测量上皮细胞线粒体二维平面形态计量学参数和三维平面形态计量学参数。结果: 电镜下可见对照组上皮细胞柱状排列紧密,微绒毛细长、整齐、无水肿,线粒体丰富,无肿胀;模型组细胞间隙增宽,可见大量凋亡细胞,微绒毛脱落明显,线粒体严重肿胀,嵴断裂,内质网扩张。SND1组与SND2组均可见微绒毛及上皮细胞排列基本整齐,有少量上皮细胞脱落,线粒体轻度肿胀,嵴清。线粒体体视学参数提示模型组上皮细胞单位胞浆内线粒体少,肿胀;而SND1及SND2组线粒体丰富,肿胀轻微。电镜及体视学参数均提示SND对小肠上皮细胞超微结构的影响无明显量效关系。结论: 四逆汤预处理对大鼠肠缺血再灌注后小肠上皮细胞有保护作用。     

血吸虫病肝硬化兔肠粘膜屏障功能损害及与内毒素血症的关系

目的:研究血吸虫病性肝硬化兔肠粘膜屏障功能的改变及与内毒素血症的关系。方法:50只雄性大耳白兔,按编号法随机分为正常组(n=10)及感染组(n=40)。感染组采用腹部敷贴法感染日本血吸虫尾蚴,分别于感染后12周(12W组,n=20)、20周(20W组,n=20):(1)测定各组血浆内毒素和肠粘膜通透性指标FITC-D含量;(2)取回盲段小肠组织行HE、Masson染色和电镜观察;(3)取肝、脾、肾和肠系膜淋巴结匀浆进行细菌培养,计算细菌易位率;(4)免疫组化法测定小肠粘膜上皮细胞紧密连接蛋白(Occludin)表达水平。结果:12W、20W组血浆FITC-D和内毒素含量明显高于正常组(P<0.01),且20W组高于12W组(P<0.01);12W组、20W组小肠黏膜上皮细胞微绒毛明显缩短、稀疏、部分断裂、扭曲、倒伏、脱落,肠上皮细胞间紧密连接结构模糊,细胞间隙增大,线粒体基质减少,部分嵴断裂,粗面内质网肿胀,结构不清;12W组及20W组细菌易位率较正常组明显增高(P<0.01);正常组肠粘膜上皮细胞表面及胞质内均见Occludin蛋白显著表达,12W组和20W组较正常组表达减弱(P<0.01),且20W组更弱(P<0.05)。结论:血吸虫病性肝硬化兔随着肝脏损害加重,出现明显肠粘膜屏障功能障碍和肠源性内毒素血症,肠道通透性升高与内毒素水平明显正相关,可能是是肠源性内毒素血症产生的重要原因之一。     

Associations of paternal involvement in disease management with maternal and family outcomes in families with children with chronic illness

OBJECTIVE: The role of fathers in pediatric disease management and its associations with family functioning have rarely been the focus of empirical study. In this study, we used the Dads Active Disease Support scale (DADS), a measure of the amount and helpfulness of paternal involvement in pediatric disease management, to explore the association between father involvement and other aspects of family functioning. METHOD: A sample of 190 heterosexual couples completed the DADS and measures of maternal, marital, and family functioning. RESULTS: Maternal report of higher ratings on DADS Helpfulness scale was associated with fewer self-reported maternal psychiatric symptoms and less perceived impact of the disease on family functioning. Both mothers' and fathers' reports indicated that more paternal involvement was related to more favorable outcomes in marital satisfaction and family functioning. CONCLUSIONS: More paternal involvement in disease management was associated with healthier maternal, marital, and family functioning. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether paternal involvement is likely to be a fruitful target for psychological intervention.     

Progressive change in lymphocyte distribution and degree of hypergammaglobulinemia with age in children with hemophilia

Fifty asymptomatic, pediatric hemophiliacs were examined for distribution of T-cell subsets, responsiveness to mitogen stimulation, interleukin-2 production, hypergammaglobulinemia, and the presence of antibody to virus including the human T-lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III). Hemophilia A patients receiving factor VIII concentrate as replacement therapy had the most pronounced changes including decreased T4/T8 ratios and lowerin vitro responsiveness to both phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. Hemophilia A patients treated with cryoprecipitate and hemophilia B patients did not demonstrate these changes. Regardless of replacement therapy, hemophiliacs demonstrated a progressive decrease in the T4/T8 ratio and a progressive increase in the degree of IgG hypergammaglobulinemia as they aged. The amount of factor or cryoprecipitate or exposure to virus did not influence the T4/T8 ratio. These changes appear to be a result of chronic product exposure, which becomes more pronounced with increasing age.     

Copolymerization of maleic anhydride with ethyl cinnamate and with anethole in chloroform

The composition of the copolymers of maleic anhydride (MA) with ethyl cinnamate (EC) and with anethole (ANE) polymerized in chloroform solutions with a radical initiator is reported. A strong alternating tendency is observed in the ANE-MA copolymer but EC is incorporated dominantly into the EC-MA copolymer. Both ANE and EC form 1 : 1 charge-transfer complexes with MA with the equilibrium constants determined to be 0,0845 and 0,026 L/mol, respectively. Applicability of the terminal, the penultimate and the complex participation models of the copolymerization mechanism is examined by non-linear least-square minimization technique using the most general forms of the composition equations. The complex participation model is found to be slightly in favor for both EC-MA and ANE-MA copolymerizations in CHCl₃.     

菌痢患儿Toll样受体mRNA表达的变化及与炎性细胞因子的关系

目的探讨Toll样受体（TLR）和细胞因子在细菌性痢疾（以下简称“菌痢”）患儿免疫应答中的作用，为该病的防治提供理论线索。方法研究对象为确诊菌痢的患儿55例，建立荧光定量PCR方法对外周血单个核细胞5种TLR和6种炎性细胞因子的基凶表达进行定量检测。结果与正常对照组比较，发病在3d以内和3d以后的小儿外周血白细胞中TLR2、TLR4mRNA的表达水平均有明显的升高。IL-8mRNA的表达水平在发病的全程比对照组均明显升高，IL-12p40mRNA的表达水平在起病早期有3倍的明显升高。升高的TLR2、TLR4和升高的炎性细胞因子之间呈明显的止相关关系。结论菌痢患儿TLR2和TLR4显著升高，并通过促使细胞因子的产生启动并参与免疫应答。     

Correlation of in situ hybridization with histology and viral culture in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with cytomegalovirus colitis

Endoscopic colonic biopsy specimens from 34 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and six patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (3 were human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and 3 were human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative) were examined by in situ hybridization for evidence of cytomegalovirus colitis and the results were compared with histologic examinations and viral cultures. In situ hybridization was positive in 22 of 25 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with histologic evidence of cytomegalovirus colitis. By our interpretation, 15 patients without cytomegalovirus colitis histologically all had negative hybridization studies. No correlation was found between in situ hybridization and viral culture results. In situ hybridization is a useful confirmatory test when the histologic changes are suspicious for cytomegalovirus but not considered diagnostic; it will only rarely demonstrate staining in a case considered negative histologically.     

Allergy screening with Phadiatop® and CAP Phadiatop® in combination with a questionnaire in adults with asthma and rhinitis

The efficiency of the new screening tests for atopy, Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop, was studied by comparing their results with a clinical diagnosis of atopy in 100 consecutive adults with asthma and/or rhinitis. Further, the diagnostic efficiency of a combination of Phadiatop and a few standardized questions was studied. The Phadiatop was found to have a specificity of 0.98, and a sensitivity of 0.92 and the CAP Phadiatop a specificity of 0.94 and a sensitivity of 0.96. When the Phadiatop was combined with a few questions, a sensitivity of 1.00 was achieved. It is concluded that Phadiatop and CAP Phadiatop have a higher diagnostic precision than other hitherto used methods for screening of atopic allergy. The place of Phadiatop in a diagnostic flow chart is suggested.     

Serum activity of DPPIV and its expression on lymphocytes in patients with melanoma and in people with vitiligo

Background

Evidence is accumulating that chronic inflammation may have an important role in prostate cancer (PCa). The COX-2 polymorphism rs2745557 (+202 C/T) has been extensively investigated as a potential risk factor for PCa, but the results have thus far been inconclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the association.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of COX-2 rs2745557 polymorphism and PCa risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) to assess the strength of the association, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) give a sense of the precision of the estimate. Statistical analyses were performed by Review Manage, version 5.0 and Stata 10.0.

Results

A total of 8 available studies were considered in the present meta-analysis, with 11356 patients and 11641 controls for rs2745557. When all groups were pooled, there was no evidence that rs2745557 had significant association with PCa under co-dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and allelic models. However, our analysis suggested that rs2745557 was associated with a lower PCa risk under dominant model in overall population (OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.74-0.97, P = 0.02). When stratifying for race, there was a significant association between rs2745557 polymorphism and lower PCa risk in dominant model comparison in the subgroup of Caucasians (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75-0.99, P = 0.04), but not in co-dominant, recessive, over-dominant and allelic comparisons.

Conclusion

Based on our meta-analysis, COX-2 rs2745557 was associated with a lower PCa risk under dominant model in Caucasians.     

Sleep in children with autism with and without autistic regression

The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize and compare traditional sleep architecture and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep microstructure in a well-defined cohort of children with regressive and non-regressive autism, and in typically developing children (TD). We hypothesized that children with regressive autism would demonstrate a greater degree of sleep disruption either at a macrostructural or microstructural level and a more problematic sleep as reported by parents. Twenty-two children with non-regressive autism, 18 with regressive autism without comorbid pathologies and 12 with TD, aged 5-10years, underwent standard overnight multi-channel polysomnographic evaluation. Parents completed a structured questionnaire (Childrens' Sleep Habits Questionnaire-CSHQ). The initial hypothesis, that regressed children have more disrupted sleep, was supported by our findings that they scored significantly higher on CSHQ, particularly on bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration and night wakings CSHQ subdomains than non-regressed peers, and both scored more than typically developing controls. Regressive subjects had significantly less efficient sleep, less total sleep time, prolonged sleep latency, prolonged REM latency and more time awake after sleep onset than non-regressive children and the TD group. Regressive children showed lower cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) rates and A1 index in light sleep than non-regressive and TD children. Our findings suggest that, even though no particular differences in sleep architecture were found between the two groups of children with autism, those who experienced regression showed more sleep disorders and a disruption of sleep either from a macro- or from a microstructural viewpoint.