自酸蚀粘结系统及唾液污染分别对窝沟封闭剂微拉伸粘结强度的影响

目的 评价Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀粘结系统和唾液污染对窝沟封闭剂拉伸粘结强度的影响.方法 15颗离体前磨牙,随机分为3组,每组5颗.A、B组分别经35%磷酸酸蚀、Clearfil S3 Bond自酸蚀处理,C组35%磷酸酸蚀后唾液污染,3组均用Estiseal F窝沟封闭剂分层固化堆积形成5 mm高封闭剂小柱.再将样本切成1 mm×1 mm×10 mm大小的试件,微拉伸仪检测其拉伸粘结强度.结果 使用自酸蚀粘结系统与常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度无显著区别(P＞0.05),而唾液污染组显著低于常规磷酸酸蚀组的微拉伸粘结强度(P＜0.05).结论 临床操作过程中应严格避免唾液污染,而关于自酸蚀粘结剂对封闭剂与牙釉质的微拉伸粘结强度的影响需进一步研究.     

三种一步法自酸蚀粘结剂对复合树脂粘结修复后微渗漏的影响

目的:探讨3种一步法自酸蚀粘结剂对复合树脂粘结修复后微渗漏的影响.方法:取正畸治疗拔除的正常前磨牙105个,在每个牙的颊侧颈部制备4 mm ×2 mm ×2.5 mm的窝洞后,随机分为A1组(磷酸预处理后自酸蚀Clearfil S3 Bond)、A2组(自酸蚀Clearfil S3 Bond)、B1组(磷酸预处理后自酸蚀Beautibond)、B2组(自酸蚀Beautibond)、C1组(磷酸预处理后自酸蚀Hybrid Coat)、C2组(自酸蚀Hybrid Coat)和D组(全酸蚀Prime&Bond NT).粘结和复合树脂充填后冷热循环处理;亚甲蓝溶液染色24h.然后将各牙沿颊舌向通过充填体中央纵行剖开,体视显微镜下观察充填体边缘的染色情况并进行分级;SEM观察粘结界面形貌.结果:A2、B2、C2组间微渗漏值比较P＞0.05,但均小于D组;A2、B2与D组相比P＜0.05;C2与D组比较P＞0.05.A1、B1、C1组间微渗漏值比较P＞0.05,但均小于D组(P＜0.05).A1与A2、B1与B2相比P＞0.05;而C1组微渗漏值小于C2组(P＜0.05).SEM观察显示,3种自酸蚀粘结剂均与牙体组织、树脂结合严密均匀.结论:3种一步法自酸蚀粘结剂边缘封闭性均良好,磷酸预处理釉质可减少Hybrid Coat自酸蚀粘结剂的微渗漏.     

两种后牙树脂充填窝洞的边缘微渗漏观察

目的：观察并比较3MP90和P60两种后牙树脂与3M第七代自酸蚀粘接剂联合使用充填窝洞的边缘微渗漏情况。方法：40颗健康离体后牙随机分为A、B、C、D 4组,颊面正中制备5 mm×3 mm×2 mm的箱状洞型。其中A、B组用P90,C、D组用P60树脂分层充填;A、C组用Adper EasyTM one,B、D组用Single bond 2。标本经温度循环后,1%亚甲基蓝溶液染色48 h,显微镜下观察每颗牙3个剖面（近中、远中及正中）6个位点的染料渗入深度,采用计量资料两样本均数比较的t检验进行统计学分析。结果：A组与C组,B组与D组之间微渗漏有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;A组与B组,C组与D组之间微渗漏无统计学差异。结论：P90树脂的边缘封闭性优于P60。     

唾液污染对复合树脂粘结的影响

为了解唾液污染对复合树脂粘结几个主要步骤的影响,使用新鲜离体恒牙做实验,从粘结的密合度和微隙漏染色进行观察研究。根据实验结果,提出了临床进行粘结操作时,一旦被唾液污染的处理方法。     

SE-Bond自酸蚀黏结系统的微渗漏实验研究

本实验通过测定应用SE-Bond自酸蚀黏结系统后树脂修复体边缘的微渗漏情况,并选择传统的全蚀刻体系Gluma Com-fort Bond黏结系统和不用黏结剂直接充填树脂为空白对照组进行比较,旨在为临床应用提供参考。1材料和方法1.1材料收集近1个月内拔除的人磨牙36个,要求无龋、无裂纹。2种     

自酸蚀粘接剂对流动树脂边缘密封性的影响

目的:比较几种不同自酸蚀粘接剂对流动树脂充填牙合面洞的边缘密封性的影响。方法:收集42颗拔除的完整第三磨牙,制备牙合面洞:2 mm×2 mm×2 mm,随机分为7组,分别使用不同粘接剂处理:A(SE Bond)、B(Liner Bond F)、C(SE Protect)、D(SE Bond 2)、E(SE One)、F(S3 Bond)、G(Universal Bond Kit)。流动树脂充填。使用声发射记录光固化开始前后2000 s的声发射事件,光学相干断层扫描检测树脂-牙体界面的密封性。结果:声发射信号在光固化开始后的150 s内声发射事件数迅速增长。E组的平均声发射事件数目最少且增长速率最慢,F组增长速率最快,B组的平均声发射事件数目最多。各组间声发射事件数无显著性差异。对于光学相干断层扫描,E组产生的界面间隙百分比最小,各组间无显著性差异。结论:声发射与光学相干断层扫描可以用来检测修复体与牙体间界面间隙的产生。一步法和两步法自酸蚀粘接剂的粘接效果没有显著性差异。     

自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem牙本质粘结强度的评价

目的 评价自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度并探讨酸蚀对其粘结强度的影响。方法 选择离体无龋第三恒磨牙15颗。沿垂直于牙体长轴方向将磨牙冠中1/3处切开,将牙本质面分别用自酸蚀树脂水门汀Panavia F和Resi-Cem原位对位粘结。其中ResiCem组牙本质面分别用磷酸酸蚀0、5、10、15 s。用低速切片机把样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8mm条块后进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度[(16.9±5.3)MPa]与Panavia F[(17.0±5.2)MPa]间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。磷酸酸蚀显著地降低ResiCem与牙本质间的粘结强度(P<0.05),并随着酸蚀时间的延长而降低。结论 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度与Panavia F相当,但酸蚀会降低ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度。     

体外评估自酸蚀粘结剂的釉质封闭能力

目的：尽管有报道自酸蚀釉质粘合剂存在粘结不足的缺陷．自酸蚀粘结剂的应用在不断扩大．有些临床医师选择单独酸蚀釉质以弥补其缺陷。本研究目的是评估3种自酸蚀粘结剂在热疲劳后，酸蚀对釉质封闭的影响。材料与方法：取30颗牛切牙，在每颗牙上预备两个箱状洞型，分别用Adper Prompt L-Pop（3MESPE）、Clearfil SE Bond（Kuraray America）和iBond（Heraeus Kulzer）这三种自酸蚀粘结剂中的一种处理窝洞。其中部分先用磷酸酸蚀釉质，另一部分直接涂布自酸蚀粘结剂，然后用FiltekZ250（3MESPE）充填洞型。然后取一半的充填体置于1500个热循环中使之疲劳，再用50％硝酸氨银来检验材料的边缘封闭能力。银离子渗透按O～4分级．材料界面通过黑点探测器在发散区域扫描电镜（FESEM）下分析。用非参数统计计算出一个95％的可信区间。结果：Clearfil SE Bond的釉质微渗漏显著低于另两个自酸蚀粘结剂。对置于热循环后的标本，酸蚀能显著降低所有自酸蚀粘结剂的银离子渗透。对没有经过热循环的标本，酸蚀只能减少iBond的银离子渗透。在FESEM下．银离子沉淀可被发现位于Adper Prompt L-Pop和iBond的粘结层中．而Clearfil SE Bond处理后的10个标本中只有2个表现出银离子沿釉质粘结界面渗透。结论：标本在热循环疲劳状态．磷酸酸蚀能提高3种自酸蚀粘结剂的釉质边缘封闭能力。     

自酸蚀黏接系统对充填体边缘密合性影响的研究

目的 观察4种自酸蚀黏接系统对充填体在牙釉质和牙骨质处边缘密合性的影响。方法 36颗离体牙于颊、舌侧牙颈部预备Ⅴ类洞型，分别用4种自酸蚀黏接材料（Prime ＆ Bond NT，SE-Bond，Adper^TM Prompt^TM，FL-Bond）处理后，充填4种牙体充填材料（Dyract AP、Cleanrfil AP-X、3MZ100、Beautifil），采用染料渗透和扫描电镜方法观察温度循环前后充填体在牙釉质和牙骨质处的密合性。结果 4种充填体在经温度循环后，牙釉质处的密合性都明显降低（P〈0．01）；在牙骨质处，Dyract AP和Clearfil AP-X的密合性无明显变化（P〉0．05），3MZ100密合性明显提高（P〈0．01），而Beautifil的密合性明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论 4种自酸蚀黏接材料在牙釉质处的黏接强度有待进一步增强以获得良好的边缘密合性。     

氯己定预处理牙本质后对自酸蚀粘接剂粘结效果的影响

目的 评价2%氯己定在不同作用时间下对自酸蚀粘接剂稳定性的影响。方法 选择50颗无龋离体牙作为研究对象,制作牙本质试件,采用Adper^TM Easy One自酸蚀粘接剂粘结,堆积复合树脂,制作粘结试件。试件分别用2%氯己定进行0、15、30、45、60 s预处理,分别在老化循环前后进行微拉伸强度和扫描电镜测试,检测氯己定对自酸蚀粘结的影响。采用SPSS 19.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 氯己定预处理45、60 s组即刻测试微拉伸强度显著高于对照组,老化循环后氯己定预处理60 s组微拉伸强度较对照组高,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 2%氯己定能提高自酸蚀粘接剂的粘结强度,改善粘结界面的老化退变,提高粘结的持久性。     

唾液污染对运用自酸蚀粘接系统托槽/牙面剪切强度的影响

目的 :评价唾液污染对运用自酸蚀粘接系统托槽 /牙面剪切强度的影响。方法 :根据牙面不同污染情况分为 4组 :A组 :牙面清洁干燥 ;B组 :牙面在涂布酸性封闭剂之前受唾液污染 ;C组 :牙面在涂布封闭剂之后受唾液污染 ;D组 :牙面在封闭剂涂布前后均受唾液污染。所有样本均用光固化粘接剂 (TransbondXT 3M )粘接托槽。粘接 0 .5h后比较 4组的剪切强度及粘接剂残留指数 (ARI)。结果 :4组剪切强度存在显著性差异 (F =11.89,P <0 .0 5 )。D组剪切强度 (4 .62 86± 1.6883MPa)明显低于A组 (8.75 48± 1.915 3MPa) ,B组 (7.895 1± 1.9692MPa)和C组 (6.90 10± 1.5 162MPa)。B组和C组虽有所下降 ,但仍在临床可接受范围之内。 4组粘接剂残留指数比较无显著性差异。结论 :即使在轻微污染的环境中 (牙面在封闭剂涂布之前或之后受唾液污染 ) ,自酸蚀封闭剂也能进行有效的粘接。     

Clinical bond failure rates of adhesive precoated self-ligating brackets using a self-etching primer

Objective:To comparatively assess the failure rate of adhesive precoated (APC) self-ligating metal brackets bonded with two different enamel surface preparation techniques: self-etching primer (SEP) and conventional two-step etch and primer method (CM).Materials and Methods:Fifty-seven patients with complete permanent dentition were included in this study. A total of 1140 APC self-ligating brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were bonded using a split-mouth design. For each patient, SEP (Transbond Plus SEP, 3M Unitek) and CM (37% phosphoric acid) were used in alternate quadrants. All brackets were bonded by the same investigator after pumicing and rinsing of all of the teeth. The number, site, and date of first-time bracket failures were monitored throughout orthodontic treatment (mean, 22 months). The survival rates of the brackets were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests (P < .05). The adhesive remnant index was used to determine the bond failure interface.Results:The bond failure rates were 2.97% and 2.18% for the CM and SEP, respectively. No statistically significant difference in failure rates was found between the groups. The bond failure sites were predominantly at the enamel-adhesive interface in both groups.Conclusion:This long-term in vivo study showed that the combined use of SEP and the APC bracket system can be used effectively for bonding brackets after pumicing the enamel surfaces in clinical orthodontics.     

Long-term follow-up of composite resin restorations with self-etching adhesives

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis, derived from a previous short-term (7-day) assessment, that the absence of conventional pulp protection is not responsible for long-term pulp complications of composite resin restorations with self-etching adhesives. METHODS: All 150 patients who received the restorations with self-etching adhesives were recalled at least 2 years after the placement of restorations. Of the 47 patients (31%) who responded, 106 restorations aged from 2.2 to 6.5 years were examined for tooth sensitivity and pulp vitality regarding long-term pulp complications. The results were subjected to a multivariable logistic regression analysis with regard to cavity depth, provision of conventional pulp protection and short-term pulp complications. RESULTS: No positive cases were found in the assessment of tooth sensitivity. Four restorations (3.7%) made in deep cavities with conventional pulp protection resulted in pulpectomy due to inflammation, of which three cases presented short-term pulp complications. The 95% confidence intervals for the odds ratios estimated by the multivariable logistic regression analysis were (1.54, infinity) for cavity depth (1.50, infinity) for short-term pulp complications and (0.02, infinity) for conventional pulp protection. Namely, the last variable had no significant effect on long-term pulp complications and thus the hypothesis was verified. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of conventional pulp protection was not responsible for long-term pulp complications even in deep cavities with the use of self-etching adhesives. A deep cavity and the existence of short-term pulp complications were two critical predictors for the occurrence of long-term pulp complications.     

Effect of natural cross-linkers incorporation in a self-etching primer on dentine bond strength

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of incorporation of natural cross-linkers into the primer of a self-etching adhesive on resin–dentine bond strength.

Methods

Flat dentine surfaces were prepared from extracted human molar teeth and were applied with the following self-etching primers. The 0.5% hesperidin (HPN), 0.5% chlorhexidine (CHX) or 0.5% grape seed extract (GSE) was incorporated into Clearfil SE primer (Kuraray Medical, Inc.) to formulate three experimental primers. The original SE primer served as control. Following primer application, the teeth were bonded with Clearfil SE bond, restored with resin composite and stored in water for 24 h at 37 °C. The bonded specimens were sectioned into beams and subjected to micro tensile bond testing (μTBS). Failure analysis and morphological evaluation of the dentine surfaces were performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hardness (H) and elastic modulus (EM) were measured using nano-indentation technique to examine the mechanical properties of the bonded interfaces.

Results

One-way ANOVA showed significant differences in μTBS, H and EM among the tested and control groups (p < 0.001). Tukey post hoc test revealed that incorporation of HPN significantly increased μTBS, H and EM, when compared with the other groups (p < 0.006). The GSE-incorporated group significantly decreased μTBS, H and EM, when compared with the other groups (p < 0.006); while CHX-incorporated group did not show any statistical significant difference when compared with the control group.

Conclusion

Incorporation of HPN into Clearfil SE primer had a positive influence on the immediate μTBS and mechanical properties of the bonded interface.     

The effect of several dentin desensitizers on shear bond strength of adhesive resin luting cement using self-etching primer

Objectives

Dentin desensitizers can inhibit the bonding between dentin and resin cements. This study examined the effect of the previous application of desensitizers on the shear bond strength of one resin cement using self-etching primer to dentin.

Materials and methods

One hundred and twenty-five dentin exposed teeth were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one control group of 25 teeth each. Four dentin desensitizers were applied to the four experimental groups, respectively. The dentin desensitizers used were SuperSeal^® (Phoenix Dental, Inc., USA), MS-Coat^® (Sun Medical Co. Ltd, Japan), Gluma^® (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), and Copalite Varnish^® (Cooley &; Cooley Ltd, USA). Panavia F (Kuraray Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was attached to the top of each experimental and control group teeth using an Ultradent testing jig (Ultradent Product, Inc., Utah, USA), and the shear bond strength was measured using a Universal testing machine (Model 6022, Instron Co., Canton, MA, USA). The tooth surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-T2000, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).

Results

The control group showed the greatest shear bond strength (14.74 MPa) followed by SuperSeal^® (12.33 MPa), Gluma^® (5.28 MPa), MS-Coat^® (4.44 MPa) and Copalite Varnish™ (3.14 MPa). There was no significant difference in shear bond strength between the control group and the experimental group treated with Superseal^®. The shear bond strength in the other experimental groups treated with Gluma^®, Varnish^®, and MS-Coat^® was similar to each other but significantly lower than control or Superseal^®. SEM showed revealed resin tags in most of the dentinal tubules in the experimental group treated with the Superseal^®.

Conclusion

Among the four dentin desensitizers, Superseal^® was the only one that did not interfere with the process of resin bonding. The other dentin desensitizers that contained a resin ingredient interfered with resin retention.     

Effect of saliva contamination on bond strength of resin luting cements to dentin

Objectives

This study examined the effect of saliva contamination on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin luting cements to dentin.

Methods

For RelyX ARC (ARC, 3M ESPE), dentin surfaces were etched with 32% phosphoric acid. The subgroups were: ARC-control (uncontaminated), ARC-I (saliva contamination, blot-dried), ARC-II (saliva contamination, rinse, blot-dried) and ARC-III (saliva contamination, rinse, re-etch, rinse, blot-dried). For Panavia F 2.0 (PF, Kuraray), the subgroups were: PF-control (uncontaminated), PF-I (saliva contamination, dried), PF-II (saliva contamination, rinse, dried), PF-III (primer, saliva contamination, dried), PF-IV (primer, saliva contamination, dried, primer re-applied) and PF-V (primer, saliva contamination, rinse, dried, primer re-applied). Composite blocks were luted onto dentin using the two cements. Bonded specimens were sectioned into 0.9 mm × 0.9 mm beams for μTBS testing. Representative fractured beams were prepared for fractographic analysis.

Results

For ARC, salivary contamination of etched dentin (ARC-I) significantly lowered bond strength (p = 0.001). Rinsing saliva off with water (ARC-II) restored bond strength to control level. Re-etching dentin surface after rinsing (ARC-III) resulted in the lowest bond strength (p < 0.001). For PF, salivary contamination of dentin before (PF-I) and after application of primer (PF-III and PF-IV) significantly lowered bond strength (p < 0.001). Rinsing saliva off with water and re-application of primer (PF-II and PF-V) improved bond strength.

Conclusion

Saliva contamination during luting deteriorated the bond quality of resin cements. Decontamination by rinsing with water was most effective in restoring the bond strength of RelyX ARC. Decontamination by water-rinsing and primer re-application after rinsing improved the bond strength of Panavia F 2.0.     

Effect of chlorhexidine incorporation into a self-etching primer on dentine bond strength of a luting cement

Objectives

This study investigated the effect of incorporating chlorhexidine in a self-etching primer on the bond strength of an adhesive resin cement to dentine and on antibacterial activity.

Methods

Experimental self-etching primers were prepared by adding chlorhexidine (CHX) diacetate to ED primer 2.0 (Kuraray Medical Inc.) to obtain chlorhexidine concentrations of 1.0 wt% and 2.0 wt%. Human occlusal dentine surfaces were conditioned for 30 s using the experimental primers or pure ED primer. Composite blocks were luted using Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Medical Inc.). After storage in water for 24 h, the bonded teeth were sectioned into 0.9 mm × 0.9 mm beams and stressed to failure in tension to examine microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Fractured surfaces were examined with a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The morphology of dentine surfaces that were conditioned with each primer was also observed under FE-SEM. An agar diffusion test was performed to examine the antibacterial effect of each primer against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis.

Results

Addition of chlorhexidine to the primer had significant effects (p < 0.001) on μTBS and antibacterial effect. No significant difference in μTBS was found between the groups that contained 0% and 1% chlorhexidine in the primer (p = 0.095). Conversely, the group that contained 2% chlorhexidine showed significantly lower μTBS and pronounced cohesive failures within the thin layer of the primer.

Conclusions

Incorporation of chlorhexidine into ED primer 2.0 showed significant antibacterial activities. Conditioning with the 1% chlorhexidine-containing primer had no adverse effect on μTBS.     

新型牙科充填材料--镓合金的边缘微漏实验研究

目的 研究新型牙科充填材料－镓合金的体外充填以后的边缘微渗漏。方法 选择２０颗离体牙,备洞后,随机分为两组,实验组用镓合金充填,对照组银汞合金充填。采用染料渗透实验,用测量显微镜测出染料渗入牙齿的深度。结果 实验组的染料渗入深度平均值为１０．４微米,对照组的平均值为１１．７微米。结论 镓合金与银汞合金的边缘微漏无显著性差异。     

自酸蚀粘接系统和复合树脂修复牙体缺损的疗效比较

目的:比较自酸蚀粘接系统和复合树脂修复牙体缺损的效果。方法:随机抽取201颗患牙随机分为2组,治疗组101颗,采用自酸蚀底料的可乐丽菲露SEBOND及AP-X复合树脂修复牙体缺损;对照组100颗,应用Durafill釉质粘接剂及Charisma复合树脂修复。治疗后随访观察1、3、6个月,所得结果用四格表χ2检验。结果:治疗组修复体成功率达98%,而对照组则为90%,两组疗效有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:应用自酸蚀粘接系统和复合树脂修复牙体缺损,可以获得较好的固位性能和边缘封闭性,值得在临床上推广。     

The effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets when using a self-etch primer

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of saliva contamination on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, at various stages of the bonding procedure using a new self-etch primer. Brackets were bonded to 52 extracted human molars according to one of the following four protocols. Group I (uncontaminated control): A self-etch acidic primer, Angel I (3M/ESPE Minneapolis, Minn) was placed on the enamel for 15 seconds, gently dried with air, and light cured for 10 seconds. Precoated brackets APC II (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were then placed on the teeth and light cured for 20 seconds. Group II: The enamel surface was first contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The bonding procedure was then repeated as in group I. Group III: The self-etch primer was applied for 15 seconds, gently dried with air, and light cured for 10 seconds. The surface was then contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The precoated brackets were then bonded as in groups I and II. Group IV: The enamel surface was contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air syringe for five seconds. The self-etch primer was applied. The surface was then re-contaminated with human saliva for 10 seconds, blown off with an air-syringe for five seconds. The precoated brackets were then bonded as in groups I, II, and III. The results of the analysis of variance (F = 4.79) indicated that the shear bond strengths of the four groups were significantly different (P = .005). Tukey HSD tests indicated that contamination both before and after the application of the acid-etch primer resulted in a significantly lower (=1.7+/-1.4 MPa) shear bond strength than either the control group (=6.0+/-3.5 MPa) or the groups where contamination occurred either before (=4.8+/-3.3 MPa) or after (=4.8+/-3.3 MPa) the application of the primer. The new acid-etch primer can maintain adequate shear bond strength if contamination occurs either before or after the application of the primer. On the other hand, contamination both before and after the application of the primer significantly reduced the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.