MicroRNAs在乳腺癌中作用的研究进展

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类新发现的非编码RNA分子，通常在转录后水平调控基因表达，广泛参与细胞增殖、分化与凋亡等生命过程。据文献报道，有15种miRNAs位于人类乳腺癌相关断点区域。这表明，特定类型癌症中包括miRNAs在内的基因区域的缺失或获得都与恶性肿瘤的发生有关。miRNAs的表达变化及其对靶基因的综合调控对乳腺癌的发生发展、特殊肿瘤表型的形成及预后等产生深远的影响。     

miR-149与肿瘤关系的研究进展

miRNAs是一类长度约为20~25个核苷酸，参与基因调控表达的内源性非编码RNA。miR-149作为miRNAs的重要成员，在多种肿瘤中表达异常，其表达水平与肿瘤细胞增殖、转移、凋亡、耐药、患者的早期诊断及预后密切相关。因此，miR-149有望成为新一类抗肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

体液microRNAs——肿瘤诊断的新型标记物

微小RNAs（microRNAs,miRNAs）是一类具有基因调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA,长度约为21-22个核苷酸,通过对靶基因降解或抑制其翻译,参与肿瘤的发生、发展、浸润、转移和耐药.最近研究发现miRNAs在不同来源、不同阶段的肿瘤中表达具有特异性,并稳定地存在于体液中.因此,通过检测体液中miRNAs异常表达情况,可对肿瘤作出诊断.现就体液中miRNAs在肿瘤诊断方面的研究进展作以简要综述.     

微小RNA与肾癌

微小RNA(miRNA)是进化保守的非编码RNA分子,通过与靶mRNA的3’-非编码区互补结合介导基因的转录后调控,参与调节个体发育、细胞分裂、分化、凋亡、脂肪代谢等多种生物进程.miRNA参与包括肾癌在内的多种肿瘤的发生发展,在肾癌的发生发展过程中通过调控其靶基因参与的信号通路,发挥着类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的功能.     

MircoRNA-26a与肿瘤

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs)是一类由20个-22个核苷酸组成的小片段非编码RNA,通过靶向结合基因mRNA的3'非翻译区(3'-UTR)调控其表达.许多研究报道miRNAs参与肿瘤的发生发展.MiR-26a在不同的肿瘤中发挥不同的作用,在肿瘤增殖、转移侵袭、血管形成、生物代谢及诊断预后中都有作用.本文就miR-26a与肿瘤关系的研究进展进行综述.     

微小RNAs：乳腺癌重要的调控因子

微小RNAs（MicroRNAs,简称miRNAs）是长度为18～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过剪切mRNA、调节靶基因、抑制蛋白质翻译,进而调控多种生物学行为,如发育进程、干细胞分化、细胞凋亡、疾病以及肿瘤的发生。本文将介绍miRNAs作为原癌基因或抑癌基因参与人类乳腺癌发生、发展及扩散转移的研究进展,并对人类现有miRNAs作为肿瘤基因诊治的应用情况作一简述。     

微小RNA-320在肿瘤中的研究进展

微小RNA（miRNAs）是一类细胞内源性表达的小分子非编码RNA,具有转录后调控基因表达的作用。近年来,在结肠癌、乳腺癌和胆管癌等多种肿瘤中发现miR-320表达下调,提示miR-320可通过抑制细胞增殖和侵袭等方式抑制肿瘤进展。对于miR-320调控的靶基因及相关信号通路的深入研究,有助于阐明肿瘤发生发展的分子机制,并有望为临床肿瘤治疗提供新的靶点。本文就miR-320在肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

miR-485-5p在恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类长度约22个核苷酸的非编码RNA,在基因表达调控中,参与多种重要的生理和病理过程。miRNAs能够特异性结合靶基因序列,抑制基因的转录或翻译,从而抑制基因在转录或转录后水平上的表达。miRNAs作为肿瘤抑制因子或促进因子在癌症发生发展中经常失调。最近的研究发现miR-485-5p在多种癌症中表达下调,并调控肿瘤细胞生长、增殖、侵袭和迁移。miR-485-5p在肿瘤诊断、治疗及预后相关方面可作为具有潜在价值的肿瘤标志物,并有望成为临床肿瘤靶向治疗的新的治疗靶点。本文围绕miR-485-5p在肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌及其他恶性肿瘤中的研究进展展开综述并对其未来应用和发展进行展望。     

微小RNA-30a:肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点

微小RNA(miRNA)是长约20~25个核苷酸的内源性非编码RNA,主要通过抑制mRNA翻译和诱导mRNA降解而调节靶基因的表达,人类大约30%的基因受miRNAs调节。研究发现,大量miRNAs在肿瘤中表达失调,常常引起多种重要过程的紊乱,包括细胞增殖、侵袭与转移、凋亡以及耐药等。在肿瘤的发生过程中,不同的miRNA可能起着类似抑癌基因或者癌基因的作用,参与调节肿瘤细胞发生、发展等过程。miR-30a是miRNA的成员之一,通过调节靶基因的表达,参与调控肿瘤细胞增殖、转移和凋亡等过程。不同肿瘤血清中miR-30a的表达水平对肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗以及预后判断有着重要作用。此外,miR-30a的表达失调还与抗肿瘤药物耐药性的产生密切相关,推测其有望成为肿瘤治疗的一个潜在新靶标。本文就近年来miR-30a在肿瘤中作用的最新研究进展作一综述。     

miR-130在恶性肿瘤中作用研究进展

微小RNA（miRNAs）是一组在转录后水平上调节基因表达的非编码RNA分子,通常结合到mRNA分子上导致靶mRNA降解或翻译抑制。microRNA-130（miR-130）包括miR-130a和miR-130b。研究发现,miR-130在多种机制调控下,在一些肿瘤中发挥癌基因作用,而在另一些肿瘤中发挥抑癌作用,并且与多种肿瘤化疗耐药性有关。本文就miR-130在肿瘤中的作用做一综述。     

Oncomirs - microRNAs with a role in cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that function as negative gene regulators. They regulate diverse biological processes, and bioinformatic data indicates that each miRNA can control hundreds of gene targets, underscoring the potential influence of miRNAs on almost every genetic pathway. Recent evidence has shown that miRNA mutations or mis-expression correlate with various human cancers and indicates that miRNAs can function as tumour suppressors and oncogenes. miRNAs have been shown to repress the expression of important cancer-related genes and might prove useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.     

MicroRNA and endometrial cancer: Roles of small RNAs in human tumors and clinical applications (Review)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 base pairs that regulate the expression of genes by targeting messenger RNA with complementarity with the miRNA base sequence. Regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is crucial in cellular development and differentiation, and recent studies suggest a relationship between human diseases and the breakdown of gene silencing mechanisms induced by miRNA abnormalities. In particular, abnormal miRNA expression has been detected in various types of cancer and the target genes have been identified. These results indicate that miRNAs act in a manner equivalent to oncogenes or tumor suppressors. miRNAs may also serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we introduce the latest findings on miRNAs in human endometrial cancer, a common malignancy, and discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and targets for molecular therapy.     

微RNA与头颈鳞癌的研究进展

微RNA(miRNA)在转录后水平调控靶基因的表达.头颈肿瘤中存在多种miRNA的差异表达,其参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学进程,有望成为诊断治疗头颈肿瘤的有效手段.     

The role of microRNAs in the adrenocortical carcinomas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, non-protein-coding RNAs that inhibit gene expressions through binding their 3′-UTR regions. Each miRNA can regulate a number of target genes and play crucial roles in a lot of biological processes including organogenesis, hematopoiesis, cell development, proliferation, and invasion. Deregulated expression of miRNAs has been found to be associated with initiation and development of tumors. Increasing evidences showed that miRNAs play a crucial role in adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs). Aberrant miRNA expression may contribute to ACC carcinogenesis, and it can act as tumor-suppressive or oncogenic miRNAs. In this review, we reviewed the recent studies available on ACC-associated miRNAs. We try to summarize the contribution of miRNAs to the initiation and development of ACCs.     

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs with regulatory functions, which play an important role in many human diseases, including cancer. An emerging number of studies show that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes or sometimes as both. Germline, somatic mutations and polymorphisms can contribute to cancer predisposition. miRNA expression levels have diagnostic and prognostic implications, and their roles as anticancer therapeutic agents is promising and currently under investigation.     

MicroRNAs in biological processes and carcinogenesis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) encoding small non-coding RNAs have been recognized as a very large gene family present in most organisms. The precise biological effects of miRNAs are yet to be elucidated in detail, partly because each miRNA is believed to negatively regulate the expression of hundreds of target genes. Nevertheless, recent findings indicate that carcinogenic processes are associated with alterations in the expression of several miRNAs, suggesting that some function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The present review focuses on recent findings in this exciting new area of research, with special emphasis on the involvement of miRNAs in cancer development and progression. Further studies are clearly warranted to elucidate the molecular and biological roles of miRNAs, which may ultimately provide both a better understanding of disease development, as well as a foundation for novel strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy.     

MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation. Their aberrant expression may be involved in human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, miRNA aberrant expression has been previously found in human chronic lymphocytic leukemias, where miRNA signatures were associated with specific clinicobiological features. Here, we show that, compared with normal breast tissue, miRNAs are also aberrantly expressed in human breast cancer. The overall miRNA expression could clearly separate normal versus cancer tissues, with the most significantly deregulated miRNAs being mir-125b, mir-145, mir-21, and mir-155. Results were confirmed by microarray and Northern blot analyses. We could identify miRNAs whose expression was correlated with specific breast cancer biopathologic features, such as estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, tumor stage, vascular invasion, or proliferation index.