可回收防反流支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察

目的 探讨可回收防反流食管支架对贲门失弛缓症的治疗作用.方法 17例贲门失弛缓症患者,经胃镜置入可回收防反流食管支架后,观察症状、体征并进行胃镜检查及钡餐检查,观察贲门部通畅情况及有无胃食管反流,术后1～3个月回收支架.结果 17例患者支架置入成功,贲门部开通良好.放置1个月3例,2个月10例,3个月4例,均顺利取出.随访6～18个月,食管仍保持通畅.结论 可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症具有操作简便、并发症少、回收方便、疗效确切等优点.     

半夏泻心汤合可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症临床观察

目的:探讨半夏泻心汤合可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法:30例贲门失弛缓症患者,采用半夏泻心汤合可回收防反流食管支架植入术治疗1个月,观察治疗后患者临床症状改善情况、梗阻解除效果。结果:治疗后上述观察指标较治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:半夏泻心汤合可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症可以标本兼治,此法切中病机,是治疗贲门失弛缓症的有效治疗方法。     

可回收抗反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症临床疗效观察

目的 探讨可回收抗反流食管支架对贲门失弛缓症的治疗作用.方法 24例贲门失弛缓症患者,经胃镜置入可回收抗反流支架,观察临床症状,进行胃镜及胃肠X线检查,了解贲门通畅和胃食管反流情况,并随访观察3～36个月.结果 所有患者支架置入一次成功,其中16.67%(4/24)患者在治疗期间支架移位,经过2～4次复位.分别在置入2～6周后,顺利取出支架.治疗后所有患者的吞咽困难均明显缓解.末出现严重不良反应及并发症.结论 可回收抗反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症具有操作简易、疗效好、并发症少等优点,但其在食管内最佳放置时间的长期疗效有待进一步观察.     

贲门失弛缓症病人行经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术的护理

[目的]总结经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术(POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症病人的护理。[方法]对81例贲门失弛缓症病人行经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术,同时加强护理。[结果]58例显效,23例有效;食管直径术前8.3cm±2.8cm,术后1个月3.2cm±0.8cm,术后6个月3.7cm±1.2cm,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]加强贲门失弛缓症病人行经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术的护理是手术成功的保证。     

贲门失弛缓症23例经口内镜下食管肌切开术的疗效分析

目的探讨经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术对于治疗贲门失弛缓症的术后效果及其并发症的发生情况。方法收集就诊于我院消化内科的23例贲门失弛缓症患者,对其行经口内镜下食管环形肌切开术,随访1个月、6个月、1年后,评估其症状改善情况及食管直径改变情况。结果 23例患者全部顺利完成手术,手术成功率100%;术后所有患者均吞咽困难明显改善;随访6个月及1年后患者的症状改善情况,其吞咽困难改善率为100%与96%;同时其胸骨后疼痛、呕吐症状也明显改善;术前23例患者,其食管直径为(8.1±2.7)cm,术后1个月后,其食管直径为(2.9±0.7)cm;术后6个月后,其食管直径为(3.2±0.8)cm;术后1年后其食管直径为(3.1±0.6)cm,患者术前与术后相比,患者食管直径显著缩小,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),术后1个月、6个月、1年相互比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论经口内镜下食管环形肌切除术对于食管贲门失弛缓症具有很好的短期效果,值得临床推广。     

单纯注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素与注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素联合支架置入治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效比较

目的比较单纯注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素(注射组)和注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素联合短期置入镍钛记忆合金支架(联合组)治疗贲门失弛缓症的近、远期疗效。方法将检查确诊为贲门失弛缓症的25例患者,分为两组,即单纯注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素组(注射组)和注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素联合短期置入防反流镍钛记忆合金支架组(联合组)。治疗后通过对临床症状、X线钡餐检查等进行分析,并进行随访。结果注射组和联合组在术前1周钡餐检查结果中吞钡后5 min钡柱的高、宽之间差异无显著性。术后1周和术后12个月时吞钡后5 min钡柱的高、宽之间差异有显著性。结论联合组无论在早期,还是在中远期,治疗效果较单纯注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素明显,且无严重并发症,值得临床推广。     

食管狭窄内支架置入术后的评价

目的:观察食管狭窄患者置入金属内支架后的疗效和并发症。方法:28例食管狭窄置入了内支架,有较完整的随访资料。26例恶性食管狭窄在置入内支架前后均作了放疗和化疗。2例贲门失弛缓症患者球囊扩张后置入支架。内支架置入类型:国产镍钛记忆合金硅胶膜被覆支架27例,Ultreflex支架(美国)1例。结果:1例支架轻度移位,但仍能覆盖病变全长。食管恶性狭窄11例死亡,术后生存时间4～27个月,平均13个月。死亡原因:肿瘤多脏器转移9例,肺部感染1例,其它1例。恶性食管狭窄内支架置入后未发生再狭窄。2例贲门失弛缓患者置入支架后支架上端发生再狭窄,均作了球囊扩张治疗。结论:中晚期食管癌内支架置入是解除吞咽困难有效的姑息治疗方法,应用带膜支架和同时行放、化疗可防止因肿瘤生长而发生再狭窄,延缓患者生命。良性狭窄并发症高,病例选择需慎重。     

带防反流瓣膜金属自膨式食管支架的临床应用

目的:探讨带防反流瓣膜金属自膨式食管支架在治疗食管、贲门狭窄同时,预防及治疗术后胃食管反流所起的作用。方法:采用带防反流瓣膜金属自膨式食管支架,使用支架置入装置,治疗因恶性肿瘤引起的胸下段食管、贲门狭窄36例,贲门癌切除术后并发较为严重的反流性食管炎2例,共38例。观察支架放置后胃食管反流情况。结果:38例病人全部放置成功,术后胃食管反流发生率明显减少。结论:带防反流瓣膜金属自膨式食管支架的应用能有效地防止术后胃食管反流的发生。     

防反流支架置入治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄

目的:探讨防反流食管支架置入治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄及预防反流性食管炎的临床效果.方法:对32例食管癌术后吻合口狭窄患者于X线透视下先扩张狭窄段,再用食管支架输送器推送、释放装置有防反流瓣膜的带膜食管支架.结果:32例食管支架均一次性成功置入,术后所有患者吞咽困难症状显著改善.本组随访11个月,术后3个月、6个月分别有3例、6例出现轻度胃食管反流征象,术后11个月3例出现轻度胃食管反流征象,对症处理后好转.结论:置入防反流食管支架能有效治疗食管癌术后吻合口狭窄及预防反流性食管炎的发生.     

2种金属支架治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄的对比研究

目的 探讨新型不锈钢CZES型(Z型)支架和镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄的疗效和安全性.方法 不锈钢Z型支架置入组13例,置入3个月取出;镍钛记忆合金网状支架置入组13例,置入支架3、4周取出.分析比较2组支架取出后3个月及6个月能正常进食者、吻合口直径及并发症.结果 2组支架均成功放置和取出,2组支架均无严重并发症发生.不锈钢Z型支架组取出支架后3个月和6个月仍能正常进食者分别为92.31%和84.61%;镍钛记忆合金支架组取出支架后3个月和6个月能正常进食者分别为69.23%和46.15%.不锈钢Z型支架组取出后3个月和6个月吻合口平均直径分别为(13.54±2.60)mm和(12.42±1.93)mm;镍钦记忆合金支架组取出后3个月和6个月吻合口平均直径分别为(10.69±3.47)mm和(9.78±2.22)mm,2组3个月和6个月吻合口直径比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 不锈钢Z型支架和镍钛记忆合金网状支架在治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄上是有效且安全的,不锈钢Z型支架置入组远期疗效明显优于镍钛记忆合金网状支架组.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.