QOL of Japanese patients with GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) has been reported to be a pathological condition that decreases quality of life(QOL) of patients because of the various troublesome symptoms. To measure QOL, generic and disease specific instruments have been used in western countries. In Japan, some of these instruments are translated into the Japanese and are used for the measurement of QOL of various diseases. QOL of the Japanese patients with GERD are measured with the Japanese version of SF-36 and GSRS. As reported in western countries, QOL of the Japan patients with GERD are reported to be significantly decreased in comparison with those of healthy individuals.     

急性白血病化疗缓解期患者生活质量调查分析

目的：了解急性白血病化疗后缓解期患者的生活质量，为今后急性白血病缓解期的临床护理提供参考。方法：采用欧洲癌症组织研制的癌症患者生活质量核心量表——EORTC QLQ—C30对32例急性白血病化疗缓解期患者与35例（无肿瘤及慢性疾病史的正常人）作为对照组进行生活质量测量和评价。结果：急性白血病化疗后缓解期患者在经济状况，心理状态，躯体症状，身体功能，社会功能及生活质量总分方面均比对照组减低，特别在经济状况，心理状态，社会功能等方面存在显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论：改善患者对疾病的认识、加强心理护理、建立医护、家庭及社会支持体系对于提高白血病化疗后缓解期患者的生活质量非常重要。     

持续质量改进在PICC置管病人护理中的应用

目的探讨持续质量改进在PICC置管病人中的应用方法及效果。方法对PICC置管病人护理存在的主要问题进行分析,制订相应的对策并组织实施,评价持续质量改进的效果：结果病人满意度提高（P〈0．01）,降低了病人置管护理意外的发生率（P〈0．01）。结论采用持续质量改进方法,可以降低置管护理意外的发生。     

乳腺癌患者放疗期间生存质量的调查

目的探讨大连市乳腺癌患者放疗期间的生存质量。方法采用已经过检验的美国希望城(hopecity)医学研究中心编制的《乳腺癌患者生存质量评定量表》。于2001年3～12月对放射治疗的71例女性乳腺癌根治术后的患者进行问卷调查。统计学方法采用配伍组方差分析。结果乳腺癌患者在放疗过程中,QOL总分有下降趋势,但无统计学意义;QOL的躯体因子分下降,治疗前后差异存在显著性意义,P=0.019,而心理、社会支持和精神因子分统计学差异无显著性意义;乳腺癌患者在放疗过程中QOL分值与放疗前QOL分值比较呈显著正相关,P<0.01。结论放疗对乳腺癌患者的QOL无影响,患者个体QOL的高低取决于患者放疗前QOL的状况。     

Impaired physiological function and health-related QOL in patients before hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Purpose  

Patients' physiological functions and health-related quality of life (QOL) are useful for planning physical therapy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but have not been extensively examined prior to transplantation. We investigated whether physiological functions and health-related QOL were reduced in patients before undergoing allo-HSCT.     

Contribution of specialist nurses in managing patients with IBD

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for the medical conditions ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Both are chronic relapsing remitting diseases with a major impact on a patient's quality of life. Symptoms of the diseases include increased bowel frequency, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, urgency and incontinence, weight loss and reduced appetite. There is no known medical cure for either condition, and surgery often involves stoma formation and, therefore, has major implications for the patient in terms of management and body image.     

炎症性肠病患者的自主神经功能改变

目的探讨炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的自主神经功能改变状况。方法分析2012年1月至2014年2月在消化内科接受住院或是门诊治疗的IBD患者[溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)]的临床资料,并选取正常体检者作为对照组。两组受试者均行迷走副交感神经和交感肾上腺能神经功能的检查。结果共纳入研究对象105例,其中IBD患者70例(UC患者38例,CD 32例),对照组35例。IBD患者的卧立位心率变化值均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.025,P0.001);两组受试者的瓦氏指数相比差异无统计学差异(t=0.400,P=0.690)。IBD组患者的卧立位血压差值显著高于对照组(t=2.845,P0.001);IBD组患者的握力实验血压差值均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=8.273,P0.001)。结论 IBD患者相对于正常对照组,其交感肾上腺素能神经系统功能明显增强,而迷走副交感神经功能相对有所减弱。     

生存质量及其影响因素

生存质量(Qualityoflife,QOL)评定方法大体可分疾病相关生存质量(disease-specificqualityoflife)和健康相关生存质量(health-relatedqualityoflife,HRQL);医师、患者和家属对生存质量有不同的观点,因此需进行多维评定;应将生存质量作为评价康复疗效的手段,将提高生存质量作为康复治疗的目的.生存质量可从主客观两方面进行评定,主观的生存质量评定主要是生活满意度的评定;客观的生存质量评定主要包括独立性、职业能力、经济状况、家庭完整性和社区支持等方面.康复工作者必须对功能障碍区分主次,找出关键问题,康复治疗才能有的放矢.     

Teeth or chewing and QOL

Chewing or teeth number was evaluated with quality of life (QOL), activities of daily livings (ADL), physical fitness, cognitive function, ECG findings and mortality in elderly populations. Chewing examined by numbers of foods that a subject could chew was related with satisfaction. Chewing was also related with ADL in populations of 80-year-old and 85-year-old. There was a relation between chewing and physical fitness in 80-year-olds. Sound teeth number was related with cognitive function in 60-65 years individuals. Prevalence of abnormal ECG findings was lower in subjects with teeth > or = 20 or with good dentition status. Mortality was lower in individuals with better chewing ability. In summary, chewing and teeth number in an elderly population were related with QOL, ADL, physical fitness, cognitive function, and mortality.     

IBD: implications for patients, challenges for nurses

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The chronic and complex nature of IBD creates monumental challenges for patients, families and health professionals. The problems are particularly great for nurses because of a notable gap in the literature regarding the condition's impact on the daily life and coping behaviors of affected persons. The model developed by Strauss et al (1984) for understanding the problems of the chronically ill provides the framework for discussion of the implications of IBD in daily living. Nursing interventions which may facilitate self-care are included. Areas in need of further study are identified. If nurses are to enhance the quality of life for persons with IBD, a body of knowledge based on systematic study in this area must evolve.     

宫颈癌患者生存质量评估表设计及质量研究

目的：研究设计中文版宫颈癌患者生存质量评估量表(QOL-UCC)，并对QOL-UCC量表质量进行统计学检验。方法：参考国际对QOL范围的界定及既往量表，综合宫颈癌特点设计QOL-UCC。对113例宫颈癌患者用QOL-UCC评估生存质量，以考察量表可信性、有效性及可行性。其中被测者信度、重测信度、分半信度、克朗巴赫系数表示量表可信性，准确关联效度、结构效度、反应度研究表示量表有效性，量表完成率及完成时间表示量表可行性。结果：QOL-UCC量表具有较好的可信性、较高的有效性和符合要求的量表可行性。结论：QOL-UCC量表是一份较好的宫颈癌患者生存质量评估量表，可望临床推广使用。     

老年慢性病患者常见症状与生存质量的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年慢性病患者常见症状间的相互关系及其对生存质量的影响,以寻找提高其生存质量的护理对策.方法 采用焦虑自评量表、老年人抑郁量表、SF-36量表对230例老年慢性病患者进行常见症状及生存质量调查,并分析各种症状间的关系以及症状与生存质量的相关性.结果 老年慢性病患者生存质量八大项目得分偏低.常见躯体症状包括躯体疼痛、头晕、疲乏、睡眠障碍发生率依次为25.73%、33.80%、25.00%、22.05%.常见心理症状焦虑和抑郁得分为38.35±7.26、8.71±5.21.且各种常见症状之间呈正相关(r=0.80～0.612,P<0.05),各种常见症状与生存质量呈负相关(r=-0.175～-0.623,P<0.05).结论 在老年慢性病患者居家护理过程中,须及时采取积极有效护理措施控制或减轻病人症状,且躯体症状护理与心理护理应并重,措施实施与原因排查应同步,主要症状与次要症状要兼顾,以提高其生存质量.     

老年慢性病患者常见症状与生存质量的相关性研究

目的 探讨老年慢性病患者常见症状间的相互关系及其对生存质量的影响,以寻找提高其生存质量的护理对策.方法 采用焦虑自评量表、老年人抑郁量表、SF-36量表对230例老年慢性病患者进行常见症状及生存质量调查,并分析各种症状间的关系以及症状与生存质量的相关性.结果 老年慢性病患者生存质量八大项目得分偏低.常见躯体症状包括躯体疼痛、头晕、疲乏、睡眠障碍发生率依次为25.73%、33.80%、25.00%、22.05%.常见心理症状焦虑和抑郁得分为38.35±7.26、8.71±5.21.且各种常见症状之间呈正相关(r=0.80～0.612,P<0.05),各种常见症状与生存质量呈负相关(r=-0.175～-0.623,P<0.05).结论 在老年慢性病患者居家护理过程中,须及时采取积极有效护理措施控制或减轻病人症状,且躯体症状护理与心理护理应并重,措施实施与原因排查应同步,主要症状与次要症状要兼顾,以提高其生存质量.     

社会支持对晚期癌症家居宁养患者生活质量的影响

头孢菌素类属β-内酰胺类药物，在临床应用中同样可发生过敏反应甚至过敏性休克。因此，我们自2002年1月起对使用头孢类药物者选择拟用药物进行皮试，以确保医疗护理安全。为探讨头孢类药物皮试方法的可行性与可靠性，我们对2002年12月-2004年11月接受头孢类药物治疗的患者进行了皮试方法的可行性研究，现将结果报道如下。