The diagnosis of breast implant rupture: MRI findings compared with findings at explantation

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as performed according to a strict study protocol in diagnosing rupture of silicone breast implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 64 women with 118 implants, who had participated in either one or two study MRI examinations, aiming at determining the prevalence and incidence of silent implant rupture, respectively, and who subsequently underwent explantation. Implant rupture status was determined by four independent readers and a consensus diagnosis of either rupture (intracapsular or extracapsular), possible rupture or intact implant was then obtained. Strict predetermined rupture criteria were applied as described in this report and findings at surgery were abstracted in a standardised manner and results compared. RESULTS: At MRI, 66 implants were diagnosed as ruptured, nine as possibly ruptured and 43 as intact. Among the ruptured implants, 27 were categorized as extracapsular. At surgery, on average 297 days after the MRI, 65 of the 66 rupture diagnoses were confirmed, as were 20 of the cases with extracapsular silicone. Eight of the nine possibly ruptured implants were in fact ruptured at surgery. Thirty-four of the 43 intact implants were described as intact at surgery. When categorising possible ruptures as ruptures, there were one false positive and nine false negative rupture diagnoses at MRI yielding an accuracy of 92%, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 97%. Correspondingly, the predictive value of a positive MRI examination was 99% and the predictive value of a negative MRI examination was 79%. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that MRI is highly accurate for identification of silicone breast implant rupture, with a high sensitivity and specificity when evaluation of images are based on presence of well-defined rupture criteria.     

乳腺假体破裂及漏出的MRI诊断

隆乳术因近年来的广泛开展,使得术后并发症的发现日益增多。MRI检查因其在多参数及多平面成像上具有的优势,使之成为观察乳腺假体位置、有无破裂及漏出等并发症以及周围腺体内有无病变的最佳评价影像学方法。1材料与方法1.1一般资料女性隆乳术患者20例,年龄分布35～49岁,平均39.3     

跟腱断裂的MRI表现

目的 分析跟腱断裂的MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析7例跟腱断裂的MRI表现.7例均行常规MR轴面T_1WI、T_2WI,矢状面T_1WI、T_2WI和频率敏感脂肪抑制(SPIR)序列扫描.结果 完全性跟腱断裂6例,部分性跟腱断裂1例,跟腱断裂部位发生于跟腱附着于跟骨部位上方2.6～11.0 cm,平均5.4 cm.跟腱断裂的MRI表现为跟腱肿大增粗(7例)、变形,呈波浪状(2例).跟腱纤维部分或完全不连续和腱内信号强度增强(7例),完全性跟腱断裂的裂隙宽度为3.0～8.0 mm,断端水肿、充满血液,于MR T_2WI和SPIR呈高信号.7例跟腱断裂在T_1WI均呈中等信号;在T_2WI 1例呈中等信号,3例呈中-高信号,3例呈高信号;在SPIR 2例呈中-高信号,5例呈高信号.跟腱前脂肪垫模糊,见于6例完全性跟腱断裂.结论 MRI能较好显示跟腱断裂和明确诊断.     

Intracapsular implant rupture: MR findings of incomplete shell collapse

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and significance of the MR findings of incomplete shell collapse for detecting implant rupture in a series of surgically removed breast prostheses. MR images of 86 breast implants in 44 patients were studied retrospectively and correlated with surgical findings at explanation. MR findings included (a) complete shell collapse (linguine sign), 21 implants; (b) incomplete shell collapse (subcapsular line sign, teardrop sign, and keyhole sign), 33 implants; (c) radial folds, 31 implants; and (d) normal, 1 implant. The subcapsular line sign was seen in 26 implants, the teardrop sign was seen in 27 implants, and the keyhole sign was seen in 23 implants. At surgery, 48 implants were found to be ruptured and 38 were intact. The MR findings of ruptured implants showed signs of incomplete collapse in 52% (n = 25), linguine sign in 44% (n = 21), and radial folds in 4% (n = 2). The linguine sign perfectly predicted implant rupture, but sensitivity was low. Findings of incomplete shell collapse improved sensitivity and negative predictive values, and the subcapsular line sign produced a significant incremental increase in predictive ability. MRI signs of incomplete shell collapse were more common than the linguine sign in ruptured implants and are significant contributors to the high sensitivity and negative predictive values of MRI for evaluating implant integrity.     

MR detection of breast implant rupture.

Breast implant rupture can be difficult to diagnosis. Various modalities including direct clinical palpation, ultrasound, CT, and mammography have been used to evaluate for the presence of prosthesis rupture. We report a case in which the presence of breast implant rupture was determined using MR with characterization of the inflammatory reaction in the soft tissues around the implant. The absence of ionizing radiation with MR makes it especially well suited for evaluating implant rupture in younger patients in whom breast irradiation should be minimized.     

Extra-mammary findings in breast MRI

Objectives  

Incidental extra-mammary findings in breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) may be benign in nature, but may also represent a metastasis or another important lesion. We aimed to analyse the prevalence and clinical relevance of these unexpected findings.     

乳腺MRI检查中的乳腺外病变

目的乳腺MRI检查中的乳腺外偶发病变在本质上可能是良性,但可能也是转移或其他重要病变。本研究的目的是探讨这些偶发病变的发生率与临床的相关性。     

Ruptured breast implant: computed tomographic and mammographic findings

We report the computed tomographic and mammographic findings in a patient with a ruptured breast implant. The diagnosis was made by recognition of alteration in prosthesis contour, collapse of the prosthesis envelope, and the presence of free silicone in the breast and axillary region.     

MRI screening for silicone breast implant rupture: accuracy,inter- and intraobserver variability using explantation results as reference standard

Objectives

The recall of Poly Implant Prothèse (PIP) silicone breast implants in 2010 resulted in large numbers of asymptomatic women with implants who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening. This study’s aim was to assess the accuracy and interobserver variability of MRI screening in the detection of rupture and extracapsular silicone leakage.

Methods

A prospective study included 107 women with 214 PIP implants who underwent explantation preceded by MRI. In 2013, two radiologists blinded for previous MRI findings or outcome at surgery, independently re-evaluated all MRI examinations. A structured protocol described the MRI findings. The ex vivo findings served as reference standard.

Results

In 208 of the 214 explanted prostheses, radiologists agreed independently about the condition of the implants. In five of the six cases they disagreed (2.6 %), but subsequently reached consensus. A sensitivity of 93 %, specificity of 93 %, positive predictive value of 77 % and negative predictive value of 98 % was found. The interobserver agreement was excellent (kappa value of 0.92).

Conclusions

MRI has a high accuracy in diagnosing rupture in silicone breast implants. Considering the high kappa value of interobserver agreement, MRI appears to be a consistent diagnostic test. A simple, uniform classification, may improve communication between radiologist and plastic surgeon.

Key points

? MRI has a high accuracy in diagnosing rupture in silicone breast implants. ? MRI appears to be a consistent diagnostic test with excellent interobserver agreement. ? A simple, uniform classification system, improves communication between radiologist and plastic surgeon. ? The interobserver agreement on implant rupture is higher than on extracapsular leakage.     

Value of contrast-enhanced MRI of breast after silicone implant

Summary Early recognition of recurrence and work-up of clinically indeterminate lesions may be impaired after reconstruction with silicone implants due to superimposition of the implant or to scarring. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with silicone implant after breast cancer. Contrast-enhanded MRI was offered to 169 patients. Comparative two- to three-view mammography was also performed in 169 patients, as well as comparative sonography in 144 patients. Conventional imaging and clinical examination detected only 8/13 recurrences, whereas 12/13 were detected by MRI. One recurrence had been visible as a strongly enhancing 2-mm dot in a previous examination (2 years before), but was not called. It was therefore counted as false negative. In addition, multicentricity was detected by MRI alone in two of three cases. MRI correctly diagnosed scar tissue in all cases with indeterminate findings. However, due to false-positive calls caused by enhancing granulomas specificity could not be improved. Contrast-enhanded MRI allowed decisive additional information in our study group and improved the sensitivity significantly (concerning all diagnoses). Contrast-enhanded MRI is recommended in patients with diagnostic problems or high risk of recurrence after silicone implants.      

MRI findings of subcutaneous epidermal cysts: emphasis on the presence of rupture

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to describe the MRI findings of subcutaneous epidermal cysts with an emphasis on determining the presence of rupture. CONCLUSION: Epidermal cysts show a fluidlike signal with variable low-signal components on T2-weighted images and peripheral rim enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced images. Most ruptured cysts have septa, show thick and irregular rim enhancement, and are accompanied by a fuzzy enhancement in surrounding subcutaneous tissues. These imaging features of a ruptured epidermal cyst simulate a mass of infectious or neoplastic origin.     

Biliary cystadenoma: Case report with MRI findings and surgical confirmation

Biliary cystadenoma is a very uncommon benign cystic neoplasm involving the liver and the biliary tract. Most common presentations include right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, obstructive jaundice, and enlarging liver size. It can mimic many more commonly occurring diseases such as hepatic cyst, hepatic abscess, hydatid disease of the liver, and hepatic tuberculosis. Hence it becomes very challenging for physicians to correctly diagnose it due to its rarity and similarity with other conditions. Furthermore, very few pieces of literature guide physicians in correctly identifying the disease. Based on his physical examination and detailed investigation, we present a case report of a 72-year-old female diagnosed with biliary cystadenoma. We hope that this case report will significantly add to the existing literature on this subject     

肱骨小头剥脱性骨软骨炎的MRI表现与手术对照分析

目的:探讨肱骨小头稳定型和不稳定型剥脱性骨软骨炎的MRI表现.方法:回顾性分析16例MRI诊断为肱骨小头剥脱性骨软骨炎患者的病例资料,其中有10例经手术证实.结果:I0例患者中病变均位于肱骨小头的前外侧面.6例为稳定型、4例为不稳定型剥脱性骨软骨炎.不稳定型病变在T2 WI上骨软骨片与母骨间有条状高信号或囊状高信号;稳...     

Typical atypical findings on dynamic MRI of the breast

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI) of the breast has become an important tool to detect and characterize breast disease. The American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS^®) provides a standardized vocabulary for describing the morphologic features and contrast kinetics of breast lesions. However, some lesions may show morphologic and dynamic MR features not consistent with their histologic nature resulting in incorrect categorization as malignant or benign. Another cause of diagnostic problems is artifacts. Thus correct interpretation of dynamic MRI of the breast demands knowledge of the most common pitfalls encountered in clinical practice. A pictorial overview of these is presented, with particular reference to the differentiation of malignant tumors from benign lesions.