2001年辽宁省清原县克山病病情及相关因素分析

目的 掌握克山病监测点区(辽宁省清原县)克山病病情及消长趋势，探讨其发病机理。方法 在全县范围内，采用线索调查方法，了解急型、亚急型及慢型克山病(慢克)的发病情况。对潜在型克山病(潜克)监测点(二道沟村)全体居民进行克山病普查(同步查体、描心电图、心脏B超检查)，同时开展膳食营养状况等相关因素的调查。结果 2001年清原县无急型、亚急型新发病例，新发慢克1例，年发病率为0．03／万。潜克监测点内检出慢克1例、潜克25例，总检出率为6．1％。监测点区居民膳食结构不合理，营养状况低下。结论 监测点区及所在县病情较稳定，但潜克发病呈上升趋势。建议在病区进一步改善膳食模式。     

山东省克山病基本控制后的病情演变

为掌握山东省克山病１９９２年基本控制后的病情演变，选择具代表性的莒县和平邑两县，对近５年克山病发病情况，现存慢型克山病进行了调查，并对３～１４岁易患人群１４８８例进行了全面检查重点调查，同时调查了内外环境硒及生活水平，结果显示近５年来慢型克山病累计发病率０．０２／万，易患人群慢型克山病检出率０．１３％，潜在型１．６８％，现在慢型克山病患病率０．３９％，无急型，亚急型克山病发病，病区居民发硒０．２４     

2005年陕西省旬邑县克山病病情监测报告

目的掌握陕西省克山病病情变化及环境因素的改变对克山病发病的影响,科学的指导和评价陕西省克山病防治和科研工作。方法在陕西省旬邑县土桥镇东曹村设立监测点,对全部常住人口进行临床检查、描记心电图,对克山病病人及可疑病例拍摄2 m后前位X线胸片。观察全县范围内急型、亚急型、慢型克山病的发病及转归情况。对监测点人群发硒、粮硒水平进行测定,调查病区人群经济水平及膳食结构。结果①2005年监测点东曹村无急型、亚急型克山病发病,潜在型、慢型克山病检出率分别为3．79％和0．35％;监测人群异常心电图检出率为11．38％,人均发硒(0．579±0．012)mg／kg,粮食硒(0．089±0．082)mg／kg。②2005年旬邑县无急型、亚急型克山病发病,自然慢型克山病发病率为0．53／万,慢型克山病患病率为2．86／万。结论陕西省旬邑县克山病病情总体处于平稳低发态势,但仍有相当数量的潜在型、慢型克山病新发病例出现,说明病区环境中仍然存在着与克山病有关的一些致病因素,并对病区人群构成潜在的威胁。因此,继续加强病情监测,仍是今后陕西省克山病防治工作的重点。     

2000-2004年全国克山病病情监测5年汇总分析

目的研究2000—2004年克山病患病及发病趋势。方法根据卫生行业标准《克山病监测》（WS／T78—1996）及《克山病诊断标准》（GB17021—1997）在12个省对监测点区居民进行普查和克山病发病相关因素调查。结果5年问潜在型、慢型克山病年均检出率分别为3．8％和0．8％。各监测点区共新发潜在型克山病113例．新发现慢型克山病29例。人均发硒0．305mg／kg，粮硒0．017mg／kg。结论部分克山病省区病情不清．病区粮硒仍属低硒水平，有新病例检出。克山病仍然是一个严重的地方性公共卫生问题。克山病控制的重点应包括规范监测工作．慢型克山病现患的治疗。     

2005年河北省张北县克山病病情监测报告

目的观察河北省2005年克山病病情。方法在河北省克山病历史重病区张北县战海乡水泉洼村设立监测点,将全部常住人口列为监测对象,根据《克山病监测》标准(WS／T 78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB 17021-1997)对监测点居民进行普查,随访2004年监测点在册克山病病人。结果监测点年内无急型、亚急型克山病发生,检出潜在型克山病(潜克)和慢型克山病(慢克)23人,检出率为4．59％,高于2004年检出率,但差异无统计学意义(P>0．05);监测点人群异常心电图检出率为14．34％;克山病病人心、胸比率异常检出率为52．63％;随访2004年监测点克山病病人27人,死亡2人,死亡率为7．4％。结论河北省张北县监测点克山病病情相对稳定,但病区存在的致病因素仍然对病区人群构成威胁。应加强病情监测工作,开展对克山病病人的治疗和管理。     

2002年陕西省克山病监测报告

为准确掌握克山病消长趋势，科学地指导和评价防治工作，按照《全国克山病监测方案》开展监测工作，未见急型、亚急型克山病发病，监测点受检率84．54％，潜在型克山病检出率2．99％，患病率为2．53％，慢型克山病检出率0．66％。患病率为0．56％，说明病情稳定，潜慢克仍是目前克山病患病主要形式和存在类型。     

1995～1997年楚雄州克山病监测结果分析

目的　为准确掌握克山病发病消长趋势,科学指导和评价克山病防治工作。方法　按１９９４ 年全国克山病病情监测会议修订的《全国克山病病情监测方案》进行。结果　全州克山病发病率由１９９５ 年的０．５４／１０ 万升至１９９７ 年的１．９１／１０ 万。新发病例主要是成人慢型克山病。监测点连续３ 年普查,慢型克山病检出率在０．０８％ ～０．４０％ 之间,潜在型克山病检出率为１．５１％ ～１．８８％ ,异常心电图检出率在３．７２％ ～２．９４％ 之间。结论　克山病病情平稳低发,成人慢克是防治重点之一。     

2003年全国克山病病情监测汇总分析

目的查明克山病在全国范围内患病及发病的消长趋势。方法根据《克山病监测》标准(WS/T78-1996)及《克山病诊断标准》(GB17021-1997)对监测点区居民进行普查,随访2002年在册的克山病病例,对克山病发病相关因素进行调查。结果全国年内无急、亚急型发病,潜在型、慢型检出率为2.19%、0.60%,全国年内新发潜在型12例、慢型6例,发病率分别为1.23‰,0.61‰。人均发硒(0.2557±0.0320)mg/kg。结论克山病在全国各病区处于稳定态势,在继续逐步完善监测工作的同时,应对病人进行生活及就医指导。     

2005年黑龙江省富裕县克山病病情监测分析

目的 掌握2005年富裕县国家级监测点区永进村、新发村的克山病患病和发病情况。方法 按照《克山病监测》标准（WS／T78-1996）及《克山病诊断标准》（GB17021-1997），对监测点区居民进行检诊，随访2004年在册的克山病病例。结果 2005年2个监测点区共检诊332人，未检出克山病新发病例，检出克山病现患30例，总检出率为9．0％，其中潜在型21例，慢型9例，检出率分别为6．3％、2．7％。结论 2个监测点的克山病病情与往年相比较稳定；今后监测重点应该放在提高监测数据的科学性、可信性，提高现有病人的生活质量，加强克山病防治知识的宣传等方面。     

辽宁省清原县2007年克山病病情监测分析

目的掌握我省克山病监测点区克山病病情及消长趋势,探讨其发病机理。方法扩大监测点检诊人数,采用更科学的抽样方法,了解急型、亚急型及慢型克山病(慢克)的发病情况。对监测点的流行病学人口资料进行调查。对克山病监测点全体居民户进行克山病普查(同步查体、描记心电图、心脏B超检查),必要的进行2m后前位X线胸片检查。结果监测点内检出慢克8例,潜克47例,总检出率6.56%。结论监测点区病情相对稳定,无急型、亚急型新发病例,但本年度监测仍然有慢型与潜在型病例检出。建议在病区进一步改善膳食模式的同时加强克山病知识的健康教育工作。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。