经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术与普通电切术中失血量比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术与普通电切术中失血量。方法自2007年10月至2008年3月,收治的30例BPH患者行经尿道等离子双极电切（PKRP）;自2008年4月至7月,收治的30例BPH患者行普通电切（TURP）。分析这60例患者的临床资料。PKRP组年龄（74．2±7．0）岁,前列腺体积（49．3±33．1）ml;TURP组年龄（73．2±7．2）岁,前列腺体积（51．1±23．2）ml。收集术中所有冲洗液,测冲洗液体积,混匀后精确测血红蛋白浓度。结果PKRP组手术时间（111．3±42．5）min,切除前列腺组织重量（20．1±14．3）g,失血量（86．3±79．9）ml,每克前列腺组织平均失血量（3．7±1．9）ml／g;TURP组手术时间（108．0±42．2）min,切除前列腺组织重量（23．6±13．1）g,失血量（201．8±178．7）ml,每克前列腺组织平均失血量（8．3±6．1）ml／g。PKRP组和TURP组手术时间及切除前列腺组织重量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PKRP组术中失血量少于TURP组（P〈0．01）。PKRP组每克前列腺组织平均失血量少于TURP组（P〈0．01）。结论经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术中失血量少于普通电协。     

经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和传统电切术治疗BPH的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和等离子刀经尿道传统电切术治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效,并对分离电切术进行研究。方法:2005年9月至2010年8月,收集81例BPH患者,随机分为2组。单盲法,行经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术40例,行等离子刀经尿道传统电切术41例;比较2组年龄、术前超声测量前列腺体积、手术中切除腺体重量、手术时间、术中出血、术后带尿管时间、术前及术后IPSS评分(国际前列腺症状评分)。结果:两组病例仅术后IPSS评分比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),分离电切组与传统电切组IPSS评分分别为(8.70±1.13)分和(9.95±1.54)分。结论:经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术和等离子刀经尿道传统电切术比较,经尿道等离子前列腺分离电切术临床疗效更为显著。     

三种经尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效比较

目的比较良性前列腺增生（BPH）的三种经尿道手术治疗效果。方法分别采用经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）、经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术（PKRP）和经尿道铥激光前列腺切除术（TmLRP）治疗BPH共137例。结果三种术式患者手术前后前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOLs）、残余尿（RUV）、最大尿流率（Qmax）比较均得到显著改善（P〈0．01），疗效满意。前列腺重量（PW）〈40g时，TmLRP组手术时间明显短于PKRP和TURP组（P〈0．01）。PW〉50g时，TmLRP组手术时间明显长于PKRP和TURP组（P〈0．01）。TmLRP和PKRP组术中出血少，术后膀胱冲洗时间、留管时间及住院时间均短于TURP组（P〈0．01）。站论三种经尿道手术方法均是治疗BPH的有效手段，TmLRP和PKRP比TURP更安全，术中及术后并发症更少。     

Blood volume during transurethral prostatic resection

The variations in blood volume (BV), occurring in the course of 61 transurethral prostatic resections and estimated by the haemoglobin dilution method, were examined in relation to the type and volume of i.v. fluid given, the amount of irrigant absorbed and the blood loss. When dextran 40 was used (n = 16), the BV increased within 10 min by 2.7 times the volume infused, while for cumulative data relating to several 10-min periods in the course of surgery this factor was 1.3; for acetated Ringer solution (n = 45), the respective values were 0.5 and 0.3-0.4. The half-life of absorbed irrigating fluid in the circulation was between 5 and 10 min. In patients receiving dextran 40 the BV decreased by the volume of blood lost; however, when acetated Ringer solution was given, the BV decreased by only 60% of the blood loss.     

经尿道前列腺电切术及等离子电切术治疗重度BPH患者的疗效比较

目的:比较经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)及等离子电切术(PKRP)治疗重度BPH(前列腺体积70ml)的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾性分析80例(TURP 34例,PKRP 46例)重度BPH患者的临床资料。比较两组病例的手术时间、切除的腺体组织重量、术中失血量、术中转开放手术例数、持续膀胱冲洗时间、留置尿管时间、术后1、3、6个月的主观症状(IPSS、QOL)、客观评分(PVRU、Qmax、PSA)及并发症等。结果:TURP组和PKRP组手术时间、术中失血量、持续膀胱冲洗时间及留置尿管时间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术中所切除的前列腺腺体组织重量和术中转开放手术例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后发生二次出血的例数比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后发生暂时性尿失禁、泌尿系感染、尿道狭窄、膀胱颈挛缩和尿失禁的例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1、3、6个月随访,两组IPSS、QOL、PVRU、Qmax和PSA均较术前明显改善(P0.05),但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于前列腺体积70ml的重度BPH患者,TURP和PKRP均有明显的临床效果,特别是PKRP更具有术中出血少、安全性高、并发症少等优点。     

前列腺腔内术后尿道狭窄原因及处理

目的探讨前列腺患者腔内手术后尿道狭窄的原因及处理方法。方法经尿道前列腺汽化电切术后尿道狭窄32例，术前均行膀胱镜检未见尿道狭窄，术后出现排尿困难，经尿道探杆检查、膀胱镜检及尿道造影明确诊断为尿道狭窄。其中14例为尿道外口狭窄，9例为尿道球膜部狭窄，4例为阴茎部尿道狭窄缘于尿道扩张造成，5例为前列腺尿道部疤痕狭窄。18例行尿道扩张治愈，7例行尿道内切开加尿道扩张治愈，4例前列腺部尿道狭窄再次电切治愈，3例行尿道成形术。结果32例治疗后能维持通畅的排尿，其中4例患者须定期尿扩随访。结论经尿道前列腺汽化电切术后尿道狭窄主要发生于尿道外口及前尿道，与器械、留置尿管、感染及尿道扩张等因素相关。治疗方法主要为尿道扩张及尿道内切开，尤应重视术后的尿扩随访。     

经尿道前列腺电切术的失血观察及血凝酶应用的效果分析

目的:观察经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)患者术中和围手术期失血情况及其影响因素,观察注射用血凝酶(立芷雪)对TURP术后失血的作用和安全性.方法:BPH患者60例随机分为研究组1、组2(不同治疗方案)和对照组各20例,行TURP术,对比观察两组术前、术后第1天和第3天血红蛋白、出凝血并发症、是否输血、切除的前列腺体积、手术时间、术后膀胱持续冲洗时间、拔管时间、术后住院时间.研究组术后使用血凝酶,治疗破方案1:研究组在术后用2000 U静脉小壶滴入,每天1次,共3天;治疗方案2:研究组术后仅用一次2000 U静脉小壶滴入.对照组术后不用任何止血药.结果:全部患者手术成功,无并发症发生.主要观察指标:研究组1第1天血红蛋白97～132 g/L,平均118 g/L;第3天血红蛋白98～130 g/L,平均116 g/L.研究组2第1天血红蛋白100～130 g/L,平均117 g/L;术后第3天血红蛋白99～127 g/L,平均112 g/L.对照组术后第1天血红蛋白92～130 g/L,平均113 g/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜O.05),术后第3天血红蛋白93～124 g/L,平均10.9 g/L,与组1比较P＜0.01,与组2比较P＜0.05.研究组2和对照组各有1例分别于手术当天和术后第2天输血.全部患者无心、脑血管意外和血液系统意外.次要观察指标三组比较差异无统计学意义.结论:TURP失血较多,尤其对前列腺较大和手术时间较长的患者.失血量主要与前列腺体积、手术时间、术者操作技术等因素相关.术后应用注射用血凝酶可以减少术后失血,不会增加凝血异常引起的心、脑血管疾患,特别是对并发心、脑血管疾病的患者更有益处.     

Safer transurethral resection of the prostate: coagulating intermittent cutting reduces hemostatic complications

PURPOSE: Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is still the gold standard for the surgical treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the associated morbidity and blood loss remain concerns. A coagulating intermittent cutting (CIC) device with constant voltage pulses and controlled pulse intervals was recently developed. The impact of CIC on bleeding and blood transfusion rates as well as the occurrence of the TUR syndrome were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to July 2002, 271 consecutive patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent TURP with the CIC device. In addition to blood transfusion rates, serum hemoglobin and electrolytes were determined in all patients immediately before and after TURP. RESULTS: The mortality rate in the 271 patients subjected to TURP was 0.0%. Mean decrease in hemoglobin after TURP was 1.08 mg/dl. Intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusions were required in 7 patients (2.6%), and clinical signs of the transurethral resection syndrome were noted in 1.1% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Coagulating intermittent cutting dramatically improves the safety of TURP by decreasing intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, and the rate of blood transfusions. With this blood sparing device we anticipate a lower incidence of hemostatic complications from TURP.     

经尿道等离子前列腺汽化电切术与经尿道前列腺电切术的近期疗效比较

目的比较经尿道等离子前列腺汽化电切术（TUPKRP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的近期疗效。方法将前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasia，BPH）患者随机分为两组，分别行TUPKRP和TURP，比较两组术前和术后6个月检查的各项指标并进行统计学分析。结果术前两组一般情况比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；术后6个月两组国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流率比术前均得到明显改善（P〈0．01）；术中输血量、电切综合征发生率、术后平均膀胱冲洗时间、置管时间和住院时间，TUPKRP组明显小于TURP组（P〈0．01）。结论TUPKRP治疗BPH具有与TURP近期疗效相似；术中并发症发生率及患者术后恢复时间明显少于TURP，有良好的应用前景。     

经尿道前列腺电切术和(或)汽化切除术治疗良性前列腺增生的临床经验

目的:探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)和经尿道前列腺汽化切除术(TUVP)单独或联合治疗BPH的安全性和疗效。方法:2009年6月~2012年6月采用TURP和/或TUVP治疗BPH患者376例,其中TURP组116例,TUVP组125例,TURP与TUVP联合组(联合组)135例。经直肠B超检查计算三组前列腺重量分别为(81.3±22.8)、(78.5±21.5)和(82.2±20.6)g。比较三组之间手术时间、术中出血量、切除组织量、术后并发症等指标,以对比手术安全性;比较术前及术后3个月的Qmax、剩余尿量(RUV)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)等指标,以对比其临床疗效。结果:TURP组、TUVP组和联合组的手术成功率分别为98.3%(114/116)、98.4%(123/125)和99.3%(134/135)(P0.05);平均手术时间分别为(43.2±12.4)min、(55.3±14.5)min和(47.4±13.1)min(P0.05);平均出血量分别为(220.4±50.5)ml、(85.5±24.6)ml和(100.4±30.2)ml(P0.05);平均切除组织质量分别为(49.2±11.3)g、(52.7±13.3)g和(50.4±12.6)g(P0.05);经尿道前列腺电切综合征(TURS)发生率分别为2.6%(3/116)、0.8%(1/125)和0.7%(1/135)(P0.05);术后暂时性尿失禁发生率分别为1.7%(2/116)、4.8%(6/125)和1.5%(2/135)(P0.05);术后3个月尿道狭窄发生率分别为1.7%(2/116)、4.0%(5/125)和1.5%(2/135)(P0.05)。三组患者术后3个月的Q max均较术前明显增加(P0.05),术后IPSS、QOL、RUV均较术前明显下降(P0.05),三组之间各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:TURP、TUVP单独或联合均为治疗BPH的有效方法,TURP联合TUVP治疗兼有两者的优点,切割速度快,止血彻底,安全高效,并发症少,是治疗BPH的更好选择。     

经尿道电汽化加电切术治疗前列腺增生症180例临床分析

目的探讨良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的有效治疗方法。方法采用经尿道前列腺电汽化术（TUEVP）加经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）联合治疗BPH 180例。结果180例手术成功，平均手术时间67min。1例发生TURS，2例输血，术后24～96h拔除导尿管，排尿均通畅。术后随访3～46个月，国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）8.8分，最大尿流率（Qmax）20.2ml/s。结论TUEVP和TURP联合治疗BPH兼有两者优点，是治疗BPH的有效方法。     

Transurethral prostate resection and bleeding: a randomized,placebo controlled trial of role of finasteride for decreasing operative blood loss

PURPOSE: Bleeding associated with transurethral prostate resection can often be significant and lead to increased morbidity and occasionally mortality. It has been shown that finasteride decreases bleeding in patients with hematuria of prostatic origin. We hypothesized that bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection could be decreased by giving finasteride for 2 weeks before surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 70 patients scheduled to undergo elective transurethral prostate resection were randomized to receive 5 mg. finasteride daily or placebo for 2 weeks before surgery. Serum hemoglobin was measured before and after surgery, and the following day. The volume of irrigation fluid used and its hemoglobin concentration as well as resected prostate weight were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 68 patients who underwent transurethral prostate resection 2 were withdrawn before surgery, and so 32 received finasteride and 36 received placebo. There was significantly less mean blood loss in irrigation fluid in the finasteride group than in the control group (43.6 versus 69.3 gm. hemoglobin, p = 0.011). The mean difference was more significant when blood loss per gm. resected prostate was calculated (2.65 versus 4.65 gm. hemoglobin per gm. prostate, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that finasteride given for 2 weeks preoperatively decreases bleeding in patients undergoing transurethral prostate resection. Further study is required to determine the optimal timing and dose duration to minimize blood loss and identify how relevant such a decrease in bleeding is in clinical practice.     

经尿道前列腺切除术后再手术原因分析

目的 探讨经尿道前列腺切除术后再手术的原因.方法 回顾分析202例经尿道前列腺切除术的临床资料,其中再手术16例中,继发出血7例、尿道狭窄6例和前列腺癌3例,分析原因及处理对策.结果 术后出血可能有腺体残留、切面不光整、前列腺创面感染、膀胱痉挛、电凝创造面焦痂脱落等引起.尿道狭窄和膀胱颈挛缩可能与术中切断膀胱颈口环形肌肉、电凝时功率过大、气囊管牵拉过度或时间过长有关.导尿管过粗,留置时间过长,拉力过大,对尿道产生压迫作用,引起尿道黏膜缺血坏死致尿道狭窄.术前常规行血清PSA检查,排除前列腺癌,术后应即行薄层病理切片检查,以尽早发现隐藏的前列腺癌.16例再手术与腺体残留、感染、膀胱颈部挛缩和导尿管压迫留置时间过长等因素有关,再次手术治愈.结论 围手术期处理和熟练掌握手术操作技术是防止经尿道前列腺切除术后再手术的关键.     

Audit on transurethral resection of prostate in Tuen Mun Hospital

A clinical audit encompasses both quality assessment and improvement and is now an important component of the clinician's practice. The present project applied clinical audit in monitoring both the clinical outcomes and the process of patient management. The first audit cycle in 1999 reviewed the performance of the hospital with respect to clinical outcomes and patient management process. An area of weakness was identified with regard to the process of managing patients with the problem of retention of urine. Subsequent change in the management of patient with retention of urine was implemented. The second audit cycle was completed in 2002. A reduction in hospital stay for patients with retention of urine was achieved.      

Dextran 70 and blood loss during transurethral resection of the prostate

Background: Dextran is an effective plasma expander but also a potential anticoagulant. This article attempts to establish the clinical significance of any increased intra-operative blood loss associated with the use of dextran 70 during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).
Methods: The blood loss was measured in used irrigating fluid by a photometer in 800 patients undergoing TURP. In 154 of them, 500-1,000 ml of 6% dextran 70 was given for volume replacement. A regression model was used to test for interactions between the use of dextran and the operative parameters that correlated independently with the blood loss.
Results: The bleeding varied between 10 and 3,825 ml (median 323). Operative parameters correlating to the blood loss were: weight of the prostatic resectate, operating time, irrigating fluid absorption, and systolic arterial blood pressure. The result of this regression analysis indicated that dextran did not increase the blood loss. Neither did the prostatic weight and operating-time-corrected blood loss increase when dextran was infused.
Conclusion: There was no indication that dextran 70 given within the recommended dose range increases the blood loss during TURP.     

经尿道前列腺电切术和汽化电切术并发症48例分析

目的 分析经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（TVP）术中、术后常见并发症的原因、预防及治疗，提高手术安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析1999年5月-2006年6月我院TURP和TVP术48例并发症患者的临床资料。结果 平均手术时间75min，平均切除组织41g。术中、术后出血20例，电切综合征（TURS）5例，暂时性尿失禁11例，膀胱颈部挛缩5例，尿道狭窄8例，尿路感染7例，膀胱穿孔1例。结论 TURP和TVP是良性前列腺增生症安全有效的外科治疗方法，术前详细采集病史，术中正确操作。术后对病人正确指导及处理可有效减少手术并发症。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后储尿期症状状况分析

目的:通过对经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)术后下尿路症状(LUTS),尤其是储尿期症状的改变状况分析,提高TRUP术后管理水平和患者生活质量。方法:对我院86例(年龄56～85岁)因患良性前列腺增生(BPH)行TURP者拔除尿管后第1、3、7、15天及第30天进行排尿症状的直接或电话随访,并按术前有和无膀胱逼尿肌不稳定和/或膀胱顺应性差,分为A组和B组。了解两组患者拔管后IPSS评分及储尿期症状评分的变化。结果:86例患者中有15例失访,在有效的71例患者中,其中有膀胱逼尿肌不稳定和/或膀胱顺应性差者28例(A组),不伴有膀胱逼尿肌不稳定和/或膀胱顺应性差者43例(B组)。71例患者拔除尿管后IPSS评分,第1、3、7、15天分别为(8.1±2.5)分、(7.2±3.1)分、(5.3±4.2)分、(6.3±3.8)分、(5.3±4.2)分、(2.4±3.4)分,第1天与第3天比较,以及第15天与第7天比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);而第7天与第1天比较,以及第30天与第15天比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。拔除尿管后第1天LUTS表现以尿频、尿急及急迫性尿失禁等储尿期症状为主,A组IPSS评分(10.4±3.3)分,储尿期症状评分(9.3±3.8)分;B组IPSS评分(6.2±2.8)分,储尿期症状评分(5.2±2.7)分,两组IPSS评分比较及储尿期症状评分比较,均有统计学差异(P<0.05),经舍尼亭及α肾上腺素受体阻滞剂治疗后,拔管后第15天与拔管后第30天两组IPSS评分及储尿期症状评分比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:TURP术后排尿症状特别是储尿期症状与术前膀胱功能密切相关且随术后时间推移而逐渐好转。     

经尿道等离子体前列腺切除术的并发症及处理

目的 探讨经尿道等离子体前列腺切除术（plasma kinetic transurethral resection of prostate,PKRP）的并发症及处理方法。方法 回顾分析我院2003年5月～2006年6月51例PKRP并发症及其处理。结果 膀胱痉挛27例,其中有2例合并出血,6例合并急迫性尿失禁,使用微量静脉自控镇痛泵及M-受体阻滞剂后症状消失。出血6例,3例进行一般处理,3例行开放性手术止血后治愈。急迫性尿失禁13例,经盆底肌功能锻炼和药物治疗后全愈。压力性性尿失禁1例,一直使用阴茎夹。术后尿潴留7例,5例通过药物治疗,2例再次行PKRP,均能正常排尿。尿道狭窄5例,3例行尿道扩张术,2例行尿道内切开术,均能正常排尿。结论 膀胱痉挛、出血、尿失禁、尿潴留、尿道狭窄是PKRP术后常见的并发症,严格掌握手术指征,及时有效的处理是避免出现严重后果的关键。     

两种经尿道前列腺切除术治疗良性前列腺增生症的疗效比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）与经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除术（PKRP）治疗良性前列腺增生症（BPH）的优缺点。方法分别采用TURP（357例）、PKRP（326例）治疗BPH,观察两组患者手术前后国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评分（QOLS）、最大尿流率（MFR）、残余尿（RUV）的改善情况以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果两种术式患者术后IPSS、QOLS、MFR、RUV均得到显著改善,组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。对Ⅰ～Ⅱ度前列腺增生,两组术式手术时间无差异;对Ⅲ度前列腺增生,TURP组手术时间短于PKRP组（P〈0．01）。两组术式术中切除前列组织重量、术中出血及术后主要观察指标差异均无显著性。TURP组3例发生电切综合症,2例因前列腺包膜穿孔中转开放手术,而PKRP组无上述情况发生。PKRP组术后并发症少于TURP组。结论TURP及PKRP均为治疗BPH的有效手段,PKRP较之TURP术中更为安全,手术后并发症较少,但手术时间较长。