Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

We report a case of a 40 year old pregnant woman who presented with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by ventricular fibrillation. She underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). With a tendency towards increased maternal age in developed countries, AMI during pregnancy may become a more frequent occurrence.     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗后早期ST段回落的随访观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)早期ST段回落的预后意义。方法选择2005年5月～2006年5月首次发生STEMI患者62例。根据测量12导联动态心电图结果,将患者分为2组:ST段回落组(34例)和ST段无回落组(28例),随访时间18～24(17±5)个月,比较两组的临床事件及预后。结果ST段的回落主要发生在术后120 min内。与ST段无回落组比较,ST段回落组患者发病至接受PCI的时间、再灌注时间以及发病至肌酸激酶同工酶达峰时间最短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与出院前比较,两组患者LVEF均有改善,其中ST段回落组改善明显。与ST段回落组比较,ST段无回落组的LVEF较低(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期内径增加(P<0.05)。总心脏事件发生率ST段回落组低于ST段无回落组(1.8%vs13.5%,P<0.05)。结论ST段迅速回落近期及远期心脏功能恢复良好,心脏事件发生率低。     

Mechanical post-conditioning in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Although early myocardial reperfusion via primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) allows the preservation of left ventricular function and improves outcome, the acute restoration of blood flow may contribute to the pathophysiology of infarction, a complex phenomenon called reperfusion injury. First described in animal models of coronary obstruction, mechanical post-conditioning, a sequence of repetitive interruption of coronary blood flow applied immediately after reopening of the occluded vessel, was able to reduce the infarct size. However, evidence of its real benefit remains controversial. This review describes the mechanisms of post-conditioning action and the different protocols employed focusing on its impact on primary PCI outcome.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for persistent complete heart block complicating inferior myocardial infarction

Current guidelines recommend implantation of permanent pacemakers for advanced atrioventricular block complicating acute myocardial infarction (MI) when the block is present beyond the usual hospital course. In patients with inferior MI, such blocks are usually transient, but they can also be persistent. However, they are not considered as primary indications for early reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the absence of ongoing ischemia. We describe a patient with inferior MI in whom a successful PCI was effective in reversing persistent complete heart block, thus avoiding implantation of a permanent pacemaker. In selected patients with inferior MI and advanced atrioventricular block, PCI should be considered as a treatment option before recommending permanent pacemaker implantation.     

准分子激光冠脉消融术在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠脉介入治疗中的应用

目的评价准分子激光冠脉消融术(ELCA)在富含血栓的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用的有效性和安全性。方法 2016年11月至2018年2月锦州医科大学北部战区总医院连续纳入25例富含血栓的STEMI患者,分成单纯球囊扩张成形术和(或)支架术(对照组n=13)和辅助的ELCA治疗组(ELCA组n=12),采用冠脉造影或冠状动脉定量测量(QCA)评估TIMI血流、TIMI血栓分级、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、最小血管腔直径(MLD)和直径狭窄程度(DS),主要观察终点为手术即刻成功率和临床成功率。结果与对照组相比,ELCA组左心室射血分数更低[(49.0±11)%比(61.2±7.9)%,P=0.006],其他一般资料包括生活习性、既往史和冠脉造影指标,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PCI相关指标中,除球囊预扩张指标(P=0.022)外,其余差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ELCA组手术即刻成功率为100%,术中未观察到无复流、夹层、冠脉穿孔等并发症,对照组发生慢血流2例,无复流1例,手术即刻成功率76.9%。采用CTFC评价系统评估术前和术后即刻冠脉灌注血流情况,ELCA组由(67.81±16.5)帧减少至(34.63±14.7)帧,对照组(55.77±12.10)帧减少至(39.54±12.54)帧,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组MLD和DS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。住院期间及6个月随访期间,ELCA组无MACE事件发生,对照组发生MACE事件2例(因心衰再次住院)。结论 ELCA应用于富含血栓的STEMI直接PCI可提高心外膜血流,改善心肌灌注,减少慢血流或无复流风险,具有较高的即刻成功率和临床成功率,可作为急性心肌梗死直接PCI的辅助治疗手段。     

Acute heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND: Scanty data exist about the relation between acute heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AIM: To assess the impact of HF on outcome in AMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Out of 2,089 AMI patients, 82% did not present HF, 17% presented HF on admission and 1% developed HF after hospitalisation. Predictors of HF on admission were age, diabetes, prior MI, time delay to admission, anterior location, and TIMI grade 0-1 in the culprit vessel. Predictors of HF during hospitalisation were age and peak creatine kinase. The 1- and 6-month mortalities were 1.1% and 2.2%, 8% and 12%, 26% and 33% in patients without HF, with HF on admission and after hospitalisation, respectively. The risk of death was higher in patients with HF than in patients without HF (HR 3.47), as well as in patients with HF after admission (HR 5.19) than in patients with HF on admission (HR 2.44). CONCLUSIONS: In a primary PCI setting, the incidence of HF on hospital admission remains high, but mortality is lower when compared with historical patient series. Primary PCI may prevent the development of HF during hospitalisation; however, when HF develops, the prognosis remains severe.     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后动态心电图分析

随着我国向老龄化社会的发展,由冠心病引起的心血管事件的发病率、死亡率逐渐增加。目前经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）已被广泛应用于心肌缺血性心脏病的治疗,现已成为治疗冠状动脉病变重要的、安全有效且可接受的治疗措施。成都军区昆明总医院心内科作为全国冠状动脉介入治疗培训基地,收治了大量的此类患者。     

Complete heart block as the sole presentation of Lyme disease

We report a case of Lyme myocarditis presenting solely as complete heart block in a previously healthy 32-year-old white man. Indium cardiac antimyosin scan showed diffuse uptake (2+, on a scale of 0 to 4+) during the acute phase of the illness. The electrocardiogram and the indium cardiac antimyosin scan were normal 6 weeks after completion of tetracycline and prednisone treatment. Lyme carditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of complete heart block of unclear origins, even in patients presenting without other signs or symptoms suggestive of Lyme disease.     

Complete heart block as an initial presentation of aortic dissection

We report a case emphasizing the importance of including type A acute aortic dissection in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with compete heart block, where emergent surgery is the treatment of choice and any delay in diagnosis and treatment can be catastrophic.     

冠心病PCI术后再狭窄的临床分析

目的：了解冠心病冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后再狭窄的原因,为预防再狭窄发生提供根据。方法：回顾性分析我院冠脉支架置入300例中冠脉造影随访的74例的临床、血管造影及处理资料。并根据随访结果有、无再狭窄分为再狭窄组（42例）,无再狭窄组（32例）,分析病人年龄、性别、冠心病易患因素,靶病变形态学及术后最小管腔开放直径（MLD）等因素与再狭窄的关系。结果：与无再狭窄组比较,再狭窄组的男性（34.4%比76.2%）、吸烟（46.9%比71.4%）、PCI术后管腔直径〈3.5mm（40.0%比62.2%）显著增加。结论：男性、吸烟、支架直径〈3.5mm与PCI后冠状动脉再狭窄有关。     

Late recovery of coronary flow reserve in patients successfully treated with a percutaneous procedure

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Coronary angiograms are of limited value for the assessment of the results of percutaneous interventions. Intracoronary Doppler studies have been used to overcome these difficulties. The achievement of a coronary flow reserve (CFR) > 2-2.5 after the procedure is considered a good result and further optimization is generally not required. However, coronary flow reserve may not recover immediately, despite optimal procedural results. The aim of this study is to assess the temporal course of the recovery of coronary flow reserve after successful revascularization. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We studied 34 patients with coronary heart disease who were successfully treated by balloon angioplasty (n = 8) or stent implantation (n = 26). In all patients, serial observations were made by quantitative angiography and intracoronary Doppler (0.014 = flow-wire). Patients were studied: a) before treatment; b) immediately after, and c) 8 3 months later. RESULTS: The baseline coronary flow reserve was 1.3 0.4 and increased to 2.4 0.8 after the procedure (p < 0.01). At 8 months follow-up there was a significant increase (3 0.8; p < 0.01). This late improvement in coronary flow reserve was associated with a decline in average peak velocity at follow-up. Patients with impaired CFR immediately after treatment had a greater increase in CFR during followup than those with CFR > 2 after treatment (1.4 0.9 vs 0.4 0.6; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: After a successful coronary intervention, CFR increases immediately, but some patients may experience additional improvement during follow-up. This increase was greater in patients who showed less improvement in coronary flow reserve immediately after treatment. Our findings suggest that the use of Doppler parameters in the immediate assessment of percutaneous coronary intervention results have limitations.     

In-hospital outcomes and readmission in older adults treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for stable ischemic heart disease

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease(SIHD) in older adults requires a meticulous assessment of procedural risks and benefits, but contemporary data on outcomes in this population is lacking. Therefore,we examined the risk of near-term readmission, bleeding, and mortality in high-risk cohort of older adults undergoing inpatient PCI for SIHD.METHODS We analyzed the National Readmissions Database from 2017 to 2018 to identify index hospitalizations in...     

急性心肌梗死的直接经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗

急性心肌梗死的基本病理变化,是在冠状动脉粥样硬化的基础上血管内斑块破裂形成血栓,引起冠状动脉供血急剧减少和中断,进而出现心肌严重而持久缺血导致心肌坏死.尽早、充分和持续开通梗死相关冠状动脉、重建冠状动脉血流是急性心肌梗死治疗的最佳策略,对挽救濒死心肌、防止梗死面积扩大、保护心肌泵血功能都有极其重要的意义.[第一段]     

急性心肌梗死的延迟性治疗

急性心肌梗死是冠状动脉闭塞,血流中断,使部分心肌因持久地急性缺血发生局部坏死.[第一段]     

A case of severe aortic stenosis with severe coronary artery disease that was successfully treated by balloon aortic valvuloplasty and percutaneous coronary intervention

We describe an 85-year-old woman with severe aortic stenosis, who also had severe coronary artery disease. She suffered from dyspnea on exertion and frequent syncope. Echocardiography revealed an immobile and heavily calcified aortic valve, and coronary angiography revealed two-vessel disease including chronic total occlusion. Open-heart surgery was refused and she was referred to our department. She underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery. Following PCI, percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was performed on the same day. We chose balloons of 15 × 60 mm, 18 × 60 mm, and 20 × 60 mm, respectively. Improvement in the mean aortic valve pressure gradient (PG) and calculated aortic valve area (mean PG 48-23 mmHg, 0.8-1.2 cm(2), respectively) was observed after the final balloon dilatation. No significant complications occurred. The combination of BAV with PCI may be a useful treatment for relief of the associated symptoms of severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease, though it does not improve the long-term prognosis.