颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术矫治单侧面部肥大

目的:研究颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术治疗单侧面部肥大的效果。方法:报告2008年7月～20012年7月间9例单侧面部肥大患者,应用颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术矫治患侧。结果:所有9例患者矫治后Ⅰ期愈合。6个月后随访,所有患者肥大侧颧骨颧弓明显降低,肥大侧下颌角正侧面观明显缩小,面中下部由明显不对称变为基本对称,表情自然,生理功能良好。结论:颧骨颧弓前后段斜行截骨联合下颌角成形术可有效地矫治单侧面部肥大。     

小肾癌手助腹腔镜和开放肾部分切除术的临床效果比较

目的比较小肾癌手助腹腔镜和开放肾部分切除术的临床效果。方法回顾分析30例行手助腹腔镜肾部分切除术和20例行开放肾部分切除术患者的病例资料,比较两种手术方法的失血量、手术时间、热缺血时间、切缘阳性率、患者住院时间、并发症及手术效果的差异。结果手助腹腔镜组和开放手术组平均肿瘤大小分别为（2．58±0．50）和（2．62±0．60）cm（P〉0．05）,平均出血量分别为（120．2±38．9）和（353．6±89．6）ml（P〈0．01）,平均手术时间分别为（158．2±27．6）和（196．2±39．6）min（P〈0．05）,平均热缺血时间分别为（26．1±3．2）和（35．2±2．8）min（P〈0．05）,平均住院时间分别为（7．8±2．0）和（12．3±3．0）d（P〈0．01）,两组的切缘阳性率、并发症发生率均无差异。随访3～28个月,两组均未出现局部复发。结论手助腹腔镜肾部分切除术较开放肾部分切除术手术时间短,出血少,住院时间短,且不增加热缺血时间,手术效果相当。     

Laparoscopic partial splenectomies for true splenic cysts. A report of two cases

The goals of treatment for nonparasitic splenic cyst include elimination of the cyst and prevention of recurrence. We treated two cases of true splenic cysts by successfully performing partial splenectomies via a laparoscopic approach. Herein we describe the surgical technique used and tactical aspects. Laparoscopic partial splenectomies can be a definitive treatment for true splenic cysts in that they preserve splenic function and prevent recurrence.     

Progressive hemifacial atrophy.

Twenty-three cases of progressive hemifacial atrophy with their modalities of treatment have been reviewed. The importance of and need for proper planning and a coordinated approach are stressed. Generally, the final result has been highly satisfactory to the patient.     

肉毒毒素注射与射频温控热凝术治疗原发性半侧面肌痉挛的疗效比较

目的 对比肉毒毒素注射与射频温控热凝术治疗原发性单侧面肌痉挛的临床疗效,以寻求最佳的治疗方法.方法 118例患者分别采用面部肌肉肉毒毒素-A注射法与面神经总干射频温控热凝术治疗.治疗后随访,对两种治疗方式的疗效、并发症和复发率进行统计对比.结果 肉毒毒素-A注射疗法的近期疗效(1个月)优于射频温控热凝疗法,远期(6个月)疗效下降,复发率72.5％,但引发面瘫并发症的概率极低;射频温控热凝术治疗的远期疗效优于肉毒毒素-A注射,6个月后复发率仅为21.4％,但有出现治疗后面瘫并发症之虞.结论 肉毒毒素-A注射和射频温控热凝术相比较“各有千秋”,治疗后在短期内两者均具有较高的有效性,前者的副作用更小,但复发率高,临床治疗中应当量情分别选用.     

Comparison of surgical outcome between bursal and articular partial thickness rotator cuff tears

Surgical outcomes after arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement in bursal and articular partial thickness rotator cuff tears with a tear depth of < 50% were compared. Twenty-four articular and 13 bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears were evaluated for pain relief and functional recovery. At 6 months postoperatively, the average pain score decreased from 6.2 to 1.7 in patients with articular tears and from 7.1 to 0.9 in patients with bursal tears. Although pain relief and functional recovery were excellent in both groups, the results were better in patients with bursal partial thickness rotator cuff tears at 6 months postoperatively.     

Comparison of perioperative outcomes between laparoscopic and open partial splenectomy in children and adolescents

BACKGROUNDIn order to avoid consequences of total splenectomy, partial splenectomy (PS) is increasingly reported. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic PS (LPS) and open PS (OPS) in children and adolescents.AIMTo compare perioperative outcomes of patients with LPS and OPS.METHODSAfter institutional review board approval, a total of 26 patients that underwent LPS or OPS between January 2008 and July 2018 were identified from the database of our tertiary referral center. In total, 10 patients had LPS, and 16 patients underwent OPS. Blood loss was calculated by Mercuriali’s formula. Pain scores, analgesic requirements and complications were assessed. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparison. To compare categorical variables, Fisher’s exact test was applied.RESULTSLPS was performed in 10 patients; 16 patients had OPS. Demographics (except for body mass index and duration of follow-up), indicating primary disease, preoperative spleen size and postoperative spleen volume, perioperative hematological parameters, postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirements, adverse events according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and the comprehensive complication index, median time from operation to initiation of feeds, median time from operation to full feeds, median time from operation to mobilization and median length of hospital stay did not differ between LPS and OPS. Median (range) operative time (min) was longer in LPS compared to the OPS group [185 (135-298) vs 144 (112-270), respectively; P = 0.048]. Calculated perioperative blood loss (mL of red blood cell count) was higher in the LPS group compared to OPS [87 (-45-777) vs -37 (-114-553), respectively; P = 0.039].CONCLUSIONThis is the first study that compared outcomes of LPS and OPS. Both operative approaches had comparable perioperative outcomes. LPS appears to be a viable alternative to OPS.     

Effect of partial outlet obstruction on contractility: Comparison between severe and mild obstruction

Detrusor dysfunction is one of the most common problems in patients with outflow obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. These patients complain of various symptoms, including urinary frequency, urge incontinence, difficulty in voiding, and retention. The severity of the symptoms is dependent on the stage of disease and/or severity of the obstruction. We compared the changes in the rat detrusor function following both mild and severe models of partial outlet obstruction in the rat. Outflow obstructions were created by ligation of the urethra over which a catheter was placed. The size of the catheter determined whether the severity of obstruction was mild or severe (1.70 mm for mild obstruction and 1.09 mm for severe obstruction). Changes in the bladder weight, length-tension relationships, and the contractile response to field stimulation, pharmacologic agonists, and KCl were studied in bladders isolated from 1 and 2 week obstructed rats. Bladder weights of all obstructed rats increased significantly. The weight of the severe obstructed rats were significantly greater than rats subjected to mild obstruction. In general, passive length-tension curves of obstructed rats were shifted to right. The magnitude of the active tension induced by high KCl was higher in the mild obstruction and lower in the severe obstruction. The maximum response to KCl of mild obstruction was generated at greater lengths than for the other groups. In general, the contractile responses of the mild obstructed bladder body to field stimulation, bethanechol, KCl, and ATP, and of the bladder base to field stimulation, KCl, and methoxamine, were significantly increased when compared to the responses of the control bladder body and base. However in the severe obstructed bladder, the responses to field stimulation, KCl, ATP, and methoxamine were significantly reduced from the responses of the control strips; the response to bethanechol was similar for control and the severe obstructed groups. In conclusion, the severity of outlet obstruction significantly altered the contractile response of the bladder. Mild obstruction induced a mild increase in bladder mass, which was associated with significant increases to all forms of stimulation. Severe outflow obstruction induced a substantial increase in bladder mass and a significantly greater reduction in the response to field stimulation than the response to bethanechol (which was unchanged).     

Acute true trigger wrist following partial extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon rupture

Triggering in association with movements of the wrist or “true trigger wrist” due to the extensor tendon is rare. There are only few case reports in literature, but none were associated with the acute partial tendon rupture. We present a case of true trigger wrist originating from partial rupture of extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon (ECRB). In contrast to the other reports, the interval between an initial injury and development of triggering was short because the partial tendon rupture was bunching and forming a nodule. The triggering was attributed to the snapping of the nodule under the extensor pollicis longus tendon (EPL).     

腹腔镜肾上腺全切除术与部分切除术治疗原发性醛固酮增多症的疗效比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜肾上腺全切除术与部分切除术治疗原发性醛固酮增多症的疗效.方法:回顾分析79例原发性醛固酮增多症患者的临床资料,47例行腹腔镜肾上腺全切除术,32例行部分切除术.分析患者高血压、低血钾的恢复情况.结果:本组79例均经后腹腔途径顺利完成手术,手术时间22～115min,平均(43±5)min,术中出血15～...     

Comparison between pulmonary and hepatopulmonary hydatidosis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical features and the surgical approaches between single pulmonary (SPH) and hepatopulmonary hydatidosis (HPH). METHODS: The hospital and follow-up records of 141 patients who had undergone surgery for pulmonary hydatidosis in our clinic between January 1991 and January 2001 were reviewed. Forty-nine patients (34.8%) had concomitant liver cysts in addition to the pulmonary cysts and they were regarded as HPH (Group I). The remaining 92 (65.2%) patients had SPH (Group II). Both groups were compared according to their clinical, radiological and surgical features. RESULTS: Seventeen (34.7%) male and 32 (65.3%) female patients had HPH. The mean age of the patients with HPH was significantly higher than the age of those with SPH (P<0.05) and the frequency of hepatopulmonary localization, which is contrary to single pulmonary cyst, was significantly higher in females (P<0.05). The majority (67.3%) of the cysts located in the liver were solitary. Multiple pulmonary cysts were in higher ratio in Group II, compared to Group I (45.7 vs. 22.8%) and bilateral pulmonary cyst ratio was higher in Group II, as well (26.5 vs. 13%) (P<0.05). In 14 patients (28.6%), the concomitant cysts localized in the dome of liver were extirpated via right thoracophrenotomy, and in one of them sternophrenotomy was performed. There was no statistically significant difference associated with the postoperative complications and hospital stay between groups. No recurrence and mortality were recorded in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-organ localizations (especially liver) should be examined in all patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts. HPH is more frequent in female patients over 40 years of age. The pulmonary cysts in HPH show a tendency to be bilateral and multiple. HPH should be regarded as a different entity since it can cause either economic or labour loss due to the multi-operations and prolonged postoperative care. The operative strategy and approach should be different in hepatopulmonary cysts especially if they locate in the right or bilateral lung. One-session operation with the improvements of its techniques and methods should be considered in selected cases.     

Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm

Opinion statement  

Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and cardiac hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease.

In patients with end-stage renal disease, plasma homocysteine and cardiac mass are both increased and considered independent risk predictors for cardiovascular-specific morbidity and mortality. In order to establish a relationship between these two parameters, we determined cardiac mass and plasma homocysteine in 75 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis. We observed a statistically significant positive association between plasma homocysteine and cardiac mass index or either of its components. This was observed even after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure and hematocrit (p = 0.0027). The adjusted odds ratio for left ventricular hypertrophy was 6.6 (95% confidence interval 1.3-32.8) for subjects with the highest versus the lowest plasma homocysteine concentrations. This cross-sectional study is the first to show a statistical link between plasma homocysteine and cardiac structure, independently of mechanical factors. High plasma homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased adjusted risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in end-stage renal disease patients.     

Correlations between clinical findings and urinary flow rate in benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Measurement of urinary flow rate was carried out on 39 male patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. All patients were over 50 years of age. Ten subjects, by clinical evaluation, had doubtful bladder outlet obstruction, nine had mild obstruction and 20 patients had moderate or severe obstruction. Four criteria were used for clinical diagnosis: obstructive symptoms, size of prostate by rectal digital exploration, volume of postmicturition residual urine and degree of bladder trabeculation seen on cystourethroscopy. Considerable inaccuracy results from basing the degree of impairment of urinary flow on the patient's obstructive symptoms, degree of prostatic enlargement, postmicturition residual urine or degree of bladder trabeculation. Severe obstruction symptoms generally indicate impaired urinary flow but the absence of obstructive symptoms does not exclude impaired flow.