帕瑞昔布钠与氟比洛芬酯在腰椎后路融合术后镇痛效果的对比分析

目的：观察帕瑞昔布钠与氟比洛芬酯在腰椎后路融合术后镇痛治疗中的疗效及安全性。方法选择2012年1月～2013年4月间腰椎后路融合术后72小时内急性疼痛患者100例。随机分为静推帕瑞昔布钠组50例（帕瑞昔布钠40mg静推,Q12h×6次）和氟比洛芬酯组50例（氟比洛芬酯50mg静推,Q12h×6次）,分析两组的急性疼痛缓解程度、疼痛缓解时间和不良反应发生情况。结果在腰椎融合手术术后镇痛中,帕瑞昔布钠与氟比洛芬酯在起效时间及不良反应发生率无明显差异。但帕瑞昔布钠的镇痛效果及疼痛缓解时间方面优于氟比洛芬酯。结论帕瑞昔布钠具有高效和安全的镇痛特性,适合于腰椎后路融合术术后的镇痛。     

术前使用帕瑞昔布钠对神经外科手术术后镇痛及凝血功能的影响

目的观察术前使用帕瑞昔布钠对神经外科手术术后镇痛及凝血功能的影响。方法择期全麻下神经外科开颅患者90例,按照随机数表法,均分为两组:帕瑞昔布组钠(P组)和对照组(C组)。P组在手术开始前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,C组在手术开始前30min静脉注射生理盐水5ml。两组术后均采用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)。PCIA配方为舒芬太尼2μg/kg+托烷司琼0.2mg/kg,加生理盐水至120ml。记录两组患者术后2、4、16、24、48h的VAS评分、Ramsay评分,术后48h内PCIA总按压次数及有效按压次数,于帕瑞昔布钠给药前和给药后2h、48h测定凝血功能,并观察术后不良反应发生情况。结果 C组术后2、4、16、24、48hVAS评分明显高于P组(P0.05),术后2hP组镇静满意率明显高于C组(P0.05)。静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠前和注射2h及48h后,两组各凝血指标差异无统计学意义;术后48h内,C组总不良反应发生率明显高于P组(P0.05)。结论静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg用于神经外科术后镇痛可增强舒芬太尼PCIA的镇痛效应,减少不良反应发生率,同时不影响凝血功能。     

帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡与地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯用于结肠癌患者术后镇痛效果比较

目的比较帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡与氟比洛芬酯复合地佐辛用于结肠癌手术患者自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果,探讨合适的镇痛方案。 方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ择期行结肠癌手术的患者90例,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组（P组）、地佐辛组（D组）和芬太尼组（F组）,每组各30例。3组患者均采用气管内插管全身麻醉,术后行PCIA。PCIA设置背景剂量2ml/h,按压剂量2ml/次,锁定时间15min。P组于气管插管前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,并于术后12、24、36、48 h静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg,PCIA使用吗啡20 mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100ml;D组于气管插管前静脉注射地佐辛5mg,PCIA使用地佐辛30 mg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100 ml;F组PCIA使用芬太尼1.0mg+0.9%氯化钠溶液至100 ml。观察3组患者术后30min（T_30min）、2h（T_2h）、4h（T_4h）、12h（T_12h）、24h（T_24h）、48h（T_48h）VAS镇痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应的情况;术后48h记录PCIA泵按压次数及患者总体满意度。 结果P组及D组在T_30min-T_12h时点VAS评分显著低于F组（P﹤0.05）;T_30min-T_4h时点,P组Ramsay评分显著低于D组和F组（P﹤0.05）;术后48h内P组、D组患者头晕发生率显著低于F组（P﹤0.05）。 结论帕瑞昔布钠复合吗啡、地佐辛复合氟比洛芬酯用于结肠癌患者术后的镇痛效果确切,不良反应发生率低。     

帕瑞昔布钠和氟比洛芬酯术前静注对腭咽成形术后镇痛及血小板聚集的影响

目的比较术前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠与氟比洛芬酯对腭胭成形术(UPPP)术后镇痛及血小板聚集的影响。方法拟在全麻下行UPPP的男性患者75例,年龄35~60岁,随机均分为三组,分别在麻醉诱导前10min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠0.6mg/kg(P组)、氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg(F组)或生理盐水(C组)。所有患者均在手术结束前行切口周围0.5%罗哌卡因5ml局部浸润注射。于麻醉前30min(T1)、舌腭弓根部切开时(T2)、舌腭弓根部切开后45min(T3)、术毕120min(T4)采集静脉血检测血清IL-6浓度。于术前、术后2、4、6、12h采集静脉血测定血小板聚集率。记录术后2、4、6、12、24h的静息和吞咽时疼痛VAS评分和术后出血、恶心呕吐、上呼吸道梗阻等不良反应情况。结果 T3、T4时P组和F组血清IL-6浓度明显低于C组(P0.05)。术后6hP组和F组静息VAS评分和吞咽时的VAS评分均明显低于C组(P0.05)。三组患者不同时点血小板凝集率差异无统计学意义。结论术前静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠0.6mg/kg或氟比洛芬酯1mg/kg均减少患者术中及术后血清IL-6浓度,缓解UPPP术后疼痛,且不影响血小板凝集率。     

羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠对胃癌根治术术后镇痛的影响

目的观察羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠对胃癌根治术术后镇痛的影响。方法选择择期胃癌根治术患者60例,采用随机数字表法均分为两组:帕瑞昔布钠+羟考酮组(PO组)和帕瑞昔布钠+吗啡组(PM组)。两组术前30min均给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg预先镇痛,术后均给予患者自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。PO组缝皮前缓慢静推羟考酮0.03mg/kg,术后羟考酮0.6mg/kg和格拉司琼3mg,生理盐水稀释至100ml入泵。PM组缝皮给予吗啡0.03mg/kg,术后吗啡0.6mg/kg和格拉司琼3mg,生理盐水稀释至100ml入泵。记录两组术后3、12、24和48h患者的静息和咳嗽时VAS评分,术后48h内PCA有效按压次数,镇痛药物追加和上腹部不适感等不良反应发生情况。结果与PM组比较,术后不同时点PO组静息和咳嗽时VAS评分明显降低(P0.05),术后48h内PCA有效按压次数、镇痛药物追加例数明显减少(P0.05),上腹部不适感、恶心呕吐、嗜睡和皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率明显降低(P0.05)。结论羟考酮联合帕瑞昔布钠给胃癌根治术患者提供安全有效的镇痛,且不良反应发生较少。     

帕瑞昔布钠在腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术镇痛中的应用

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠用于腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术超前镇痛效果。方法行腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术患者70例,随机分为两组：帕瑞昔布钠组术前10min给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg,对照组术前给予2ml生理盐水,每隔12小时重复给药。术后均行吗啡PCIA镇痛。采用数字评价量表（NRS）记录拔管即刻、术后2、6、12、18、24h疼痛评分,记录术后24h吗啡总消耗量及不良反应。结果帕瑞昔布钠组各时点NRS疼痛评分显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,且24h吗啡总消耗量（10.4±7.6）mg,显著少于对照组的（17.7±8.9）mg（P〈0.05）,相应的恶心呕吐及嗜睡发生较对照组为低,24h下床活动人数明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术前应用帕瑞昔布钠40mg可改善单纯吗啡PCIA镇痛效果,减少吗啡用量及不良反应的发生。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对全子宫切除术病人凝血功能的影响:随机、双盲、对照研究

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对全子宫切除术病人凝血功能的影响.方法 本研究为随机、双盲、对照研究.选择拟行全子宫切除术病人70例,年龄38～56岁,体重50～75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,均行脊椎-硬膜外联合阻滞,随机分为2组(n=35):生理盐水对照组(C组)和帕瑞昔布钠组(P组),分别于麻醉前20 min静脉注射生理盐水2ml或帕瑞昔布钠40 mg/2 ml,术毕行病人自控静脉镇痛,镇痛药物为布托啡诺.于帕瑞昔布钠或生理盐水用药前、用药后30 min及2 h时采集静脉血样检测凝血功能,并行血小板计数,记录术后镇痛期间布托啡诺单位时间用量、术后24 h内布托啡诺的总用量、术后首次下床活动时间及不良反应发生情况.结果 与用药前比较,用药后30 min时C组凝血酶原时间和凝血酶时间延长,纤维蛋白原浓度降低,P组凝血酶时间延长(P＜0.05),其余凝血功能指标和血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与C组比较,P组纤维蛋白原浓度升高,恶心、呕吐的发生率降低,首次下床活动时间缩短,布托啡诺单位时间用量及术后24 h内布托啡诺总用量减少(P＜0.05),其余凝血功能指标及血小板计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠40 mg超前镇痛可增强全子宫切除术病人的凝血功能.     

帕瑞昔布钠对老年患者胃癌术后早期认知功能的影响

目的评价帕瑞昔布钠对老年患者胃癌根治术后早期认知功能的影响。方法择期行胃癌根治术的患者45例,年龄60~75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为对照组(C组)、40mg帕瑞昔布钠组(P1组)和80mg帕瑞昔布钠组(P2组),每组15例。C组、P1组分别于手术前30min静脉注射生理盐水和帕瑞昔布钠40mg,P2组在给药90min后再次静注帕瑞昔布钠40mg。局麻下行右颈内静脉逆行穿刺置管至颈内静脉球部,分别采集诱导前(T0)、首次给药后2h(T1)、6h(T2)及术后24h(T3)血标本,采用ELISA法测定血清中IL-6、TNF-α及Aβ含量。记录麻醉前24h及术后24h和48h简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分,对患者的认知功能进行评定。结果与C组比较,T2、T3时P1组和P2组IL-6、TNF-α及Aβ含量明显降低(P0.05),术后24h和48h MMSE评分明显升高(P0.05)。P1组与P2组MMSE评分差异无统计学意义。结论帕瑞昔布钠可降低老年患者胃癌术后早期认知功能障碍的发生,其机制可能与抑制脑内炎性因子及Aβ蛋白表达有关。     

氟比洛芬酯与帕瑞昔布钠用于原发性淋巴水肿下肢吸脂术后镇痛效果的比较

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯用于原发性淋巴水肿下肢吸脂术后的镇痛效果。方法 2012年11月~2014年9月选择全麻下肢吸脂60例,按照手术先后顺序分为A、B、C组(每组20例),手术结束前10~20 min,A组不给予任何止痛药物,B组静注帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,C组静注氟比洛芬酯100 mg。观察术后1、2、6、12、24 h的VAS和术后不良反应。结果与A组相比,B组静息痛和运动痛术后1、2、6、12 h VAS显著降低(P0.05),C组静息痛和运动痛术后1、2、12 h VAS显著降低(P0.05)。B组和C组术后1、2 h静息痛和运动痛VAS差异无统计学意义(P0.05),6、12 h VAS差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组术后24 h静息痛和运动痛VAS差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组患者恶心呕吐、头疼头晕发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论原发性淋巴水肿下肢吸脂术使用氟比洛芬酯和帕瑞昔布钠均能取得较好的术后镇痛效果。     

帕瑞昔布钠与舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后镇痛的应用

为比较帕瑞昔布钠和舒芬太尼联合应用与单纯应用舒芬太尼在肛肠病术后的镇痛效果和不良反应,将肛肠病术后病人120例随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和对照组各60例。手术结束时帕瑞昔布钠组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg和舒芬太尼1．00pg／ml行静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,12h后帕瑞昔布钠组再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg;对照组单纯应用舒芬太尼1．50μg／ml行PCIA。观察两组病人术后2,4,6,12h和24h的疼痛强度（VAS评分）、镇痛的补救以及不良反应的发生率。结果显示,与对照组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后舒芬太尼用最减少,不良反应发生率降低,术后24h镇痛满意度明显提高（P〈0．05）,而两组12h和24h VAS评分无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明,肛肠病术后静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠可减少术后舒芬太尼的用量,提高病人术后镇痛效果。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.