妊娠梅毒的孕期干预时机对妊娠结局的影响研究

目的:分析并探讨妊娠梅毒孕妇孕期干预时机对母婴妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取医院进行产检及分娩的孕妇254例,所有孕期发现梅毒后,均给予长效青霉素治疗。早期干预组给予240万U,臀部肌内注射,1次/周,3周/疗程。每疗程结束后复查,若转阴,则晚期再治疗1个疗程,若未转阴且RPR(快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验)滴度下降小于2倍比稀释度,则继续治疗1个疗程。对于中期干预者,在发现后治疗1个疗程,晚期治疗1个疗程。晚期干预者在发现后即治疗1个疗程。结果:早期干预组早产、低体重儿12例(10.00%),死胎0例,新生儿畸形0例,新生儿死亡0例,新生儿梅毒0例;中期干预组早产、低体重儿22例(26.83%),死胎2例(2.44%),新生儿畸形2例(2.44%),新生儿死亡0例,新生儿梅毒2例(2.44%);晚期干预组早产、低体重儿26例(50.00%),死胎8例(15.38%),新生儿畸形4例(7.69%),新生儿死亡4例(7.69%),新生儿梅毒10例(19.23%)。早期干预妊娠结局最优,且新生儿梅毒发生率最低(P0.05)。RPR滴度低组,妊娠结局明显优于滴度高组,且新生儿梅毒发生率低(P0.05)。结论:妊娠梅毒孕妇孕期早期干预有利于改善妊娠结局,降低新生儿先天梅毒发生率,临床上对疑似孕妇应尽早诊治。     

药物治疗对妊娠合并梅毒患者妊娠结局的影响分析

目的:探讨药物治疗对妊娠合并梅毒患者妊娠结局的影响,从而探寻降低新生儿梅毒发病率以及减少妊娠不良结局的临床医学办法。方法:选择2012年2月至2015年5月我院接诊的妊娠合并梅毒80例患者进行研究。随机分为观察、对照组各40例,对照组不实施任何治疗,观察组实施全过程的抗霉素治疗措施,对比分析两组患者的妊娠结局、新生儿情况、患者血清RPR滴度、治疗孕周与新生儿梅毒之间的关系。结果:观察组患足月产38例,占95.00%,对照组足月产10例,占25.00%,观察组早产、流产、死亡的发生率要明显低于对照组,并且观察组没有死亡和流产的情况发生,两组患者妊娠结局比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组正常新生儿有35例,占87.50%,对照组仅7例,占17.50%,而两组患者正常新生儿比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=12.9210,P=0.0003);观察组在先天梅毒儿、窒息儿、低体质量儿等要明显低于对照组(P<0.05);患者血清RPR滴度与新生儿预后的关系分析:患者血清RPR滴度≥1∶16的新生儿预后明显没有患者血清RPR滴度≤1∶8的好,两组患者血清RPR滴度与新生儿预后的比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);选择越早的治疗孕周,其先天梅毒儿的发生也就越小,不同治疗时间的梅毒产妇产出正常新生儿比例比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠合并梅毒的孕产妇极易出现不良的妊娠结局,对妊娠合并梅毒感染患者进行血清学检查尤为重要,及时有效地对妊娠合并梅毒感染患者采取规范化的抗梅治疗,能够降低新生儿先天梅毒的发生,有效减少妊娠不良结局的发生。     

不同阶段驱梅治疗的妊娠结局分析

目的探讨在不同阶段驱梅治疗后的妊娠结局,以及其对新生儿的影响。方法根据注射首剂青霉素时的孕期,将261例妊娠梅毒患者分为3组:早孕组(妊娠≤12周)92例,中孕组(妊娠13～28周)94例,晚孕组(妊娠≥29周)75例。各组均予以规范青霉素驱梅治疗,治疗结束后比较三组梅毒孕妇的妊娠结局、围产儿预后及先天性梅毒的发病率,同时根据孕妇血清快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)滴度高低,分为RPR≤1:4组和RPR≥1:8组,观察血清RPR滴度与围产儿预后的关系。结果早孕组、中孕组和晚孕组三组梅毒孕妇的足月分娩率分别为92.83%,89.36%和53.33%;先天性梅毒发病率分别为2.17%,5.32%和28.00%。早孕组及中孕组梅毒孕妇的妊娠结局和围产儿预后均明显优于晚孕组,先天性梅毒发病率明显低于晚孕组。RPR≤1:4组159例,先天性梅毒发病率为1.26%;RPR≥1:8组102例,先天性梅毒发病率为25.49%,差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论妊娠合并梅毒时,首剂青霉素治疗早晚和其妊娠结局、围产儿预后及先天性梅毒发病率密切相关,早期进行正规青霉素治疗可以有效防止胎儿感染梅毒,且梅毒孕妇血清RPR滴度高低是影响其妊娠结局的重要因素。     

妊娠梅毒患者772例母婴梅毒传播阻断效果回顾性分析

目的探讨干预时机及妊娠梅毒患者血清滴度水平与母婴梅毒传播阻断效果的联系。方法回顾性分析2005-2010年全程随访的772例妊娠梅毒患者,根据患者孕期实施长效青霉素干预治疗的时间分为早期干预组(<28周)、晚期干预组(28～35周)及未干预/不完整干预组,同时根据妊娠梅毒患者甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)滴度水平分为低滴度组(≤1:4)、中滴度组(1:8～1:16)及高滴度组(>1:16),研究相同干预时机不同血清TRUST水平对患者妊娠结局的影响,以及相同滴度水平下不同干预时机对患者妊娠结局的影响。结果 535例接受规范治疗干预的患者未发生先天梅毒、早产及新生儿死亡;237例未干预/未完整干预的患者先天梅毒、早产、低体重出生儿、新生儿死亡及死胎发生率分别为2.11%,2.95%,6.75%,1.27%和10.13%;患者在早期(<28周)或晚期(28-35周)接受规范干预均能够获得满意的干预效果;未干预/不完整干预者不良妊娠结局发生率高于规范干预者(P<0.05);未干预/不完整干预妊娠梅毒患者发生不良结局的危险性与血清滴度水平有关(P<0.05)。结论规范青霉素治疗能使妊娠梅毒患者避免发生不良妊娠结局,即使在孕28～35周接受规范干预,仍能获得理想效果;妊娠梅毒患者发生先天梅毒儿、死胎的危险性与血清TRUST滴度水平相关。     

219例妊娠合并梅毒母婴传播阻断疗效的分析

目的探究妊娠合并梅毒感染孕妇母婴阻断对妊娠结局及胎儿预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月大连医科大学附属妇产医院行孕期产检及分娩时诊断为妊娠合并梅毒的219例病例资料,根据是否进行母婴阻断及阻断的时机,将其分为早期规范干预组(孕周期<28周)187例,晚期规范干预组(28<孕周期≤35周)5例及未干预/未规范干预组(孕周期>35周)27例。观察两组患者的妊娠结局、胎儿预后以及胎儿梅毒血清学实验。结果纳入妊娠合并梅毒219例,其中接受规范化干预的患者192例(87.7%),未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎事件,发生先天性梅毒2例(1.0%)。未干预/未规范干预组27例患者中发生先天梅毒6例(22.2%)、早产4例(14.8%)、新生儿死亡2例(7.4%)、死胎4例(14.8%),明显高于规范干预组(P<0.05)。低血清TRUST滴度组妊娠合并梅毒患者均未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎,仅发生天性梅毒2例(1.5%)。其中,先天性梅毒、早产、死胎的发生于TRUST滴度成spearman正相关,具有统计学意义(P=0.011、0.023、0.001)。结论孕期规范的青霉素干预可明显避免妊娠合并梅毒患者发生不良妊娠事件。     

抗梅毒治疗时机和梅毒TRUST滴度对梅毒孕妇妊娠结局的影响研究

目的:探讨抗梅毒治疗和梅毒TRUST滴度对梅毒孕妇妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取2013年5月至2015年9月我院收治的72例妊娠期梅毒患者作为观察组研究对象,选取60例同期健康孕产妇作为对照组,观察组根据治疗时机分为四组:A组(14例)在孕12周内予以驱梅治疗,B组(18例)在孕28周后予以治疗;C组(24例)整个孕期均进行驱梅治疗;D组(16例)孕期未给予驱梅治疗。比较两组及观察组不同治疗时机、TRUST滴度的妊娠结局和新生儿情况。结果:观察组早产、流产、死胎发生率及新生儿低出生体重、先天梅毒、死亡率均明显高于对照组,TRUST滴度≥1∶8时明显高于TRUST滴度<1∶8,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);D组不良妊娠结局发生率(81.4%)明显高于A组(50.0%)、B组(55.6%)及C组(33.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良妊娠结局发生率大小依次为:D组>B组>A组>C组;A组新生儿情况明显好于B、C、D组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C、B、D组次之。结论:抗梅毒治疗时机和梅毒TRUST滴度对梅毒孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿预后具有重要影响。     

妊娠梅毒治疗与胎儿预后影响的临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠梅毒患者的抗梅毒治疗对胎儿预后影响的临床分析。方法:对40例经梅毒血清学检查为梅毒的孕妇,根据妊娠期是否抗梅毒治疗分为治疗组(28例)及未治疗组(12例),比较两组孕妇的妊娠结局、围产儿预后及新生儿先天梅毒的发生情况。结果:治疗组足月分娩率为89.3%,未治疗组足月分娩率为41.7%,治疗组足月分娩率明显高于未治疗组足月分娩率;治疗组早产及死胎发生率分别为7.1%和3.6%,明显低于未治疗组的33.3%和16.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组分娩正常新生儿为82%,未治疗组为42.8%。治疗组窒息儿、低体重儿、先天性梅毒儿发生率及新生儿死亡率明显低于未治疗组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:妊娠梅毒的早期诊断与抗梅毒治疗是改善妊娠梅毒患者妊娠结局和围产儿预后以及降低先天性梅毒患儿发生率的关键。     

晚期妊娠合并潜伏期梅毒对母婴的影响及防治对策

目的:探究与分析晚期妊娠合并潜伏期梅毒对母婴的影响及防治对策。方法:选取我院自2010年10月至2014年10月收治的晚期妊娠合并梅毒患者30例作为观察组,另选择同时期入院的30例晚期妊娠孕妇作为对照组,对比两组孕妇的妊娠结局、新生儿预后情况及孕妇血RPR滴度与先天性梅毒儿并发症的关系。结果:观察组与对照组孕妇妊娠结局为足月产、早产、死胎死产及产褥感染相比组间均具有明显差异(χ2=4.34,P0.05;χ2=4.19,P0.05;χ2=3.91,P0.05;χ2=3.96,P0.05)。观察组与对照组新生儿预后为正常新生儿、窒息儿、低体重儿、先天性梅毒儿、潜伏期梅毒儿及新生儿死亡相比组间均具有明显差异(χ2=9.67,P0.05;χ2=5.25,P0.05;χ2=5.11,P0.05;χ2=5.28,P0.05;χ2=4.56,P0.05;χ2=4.56,P0.05)。观察组孕妇血RPR1∶8与观察组孕妇血RPR1∶8发生肝功能异常与骨损害相比组间有明显差异(χ2=5.66,P0.05;χ2=5.47,P0.05)。结论:晚期妊娠合并潜伏期梅毒可对母婴健康造成影响,对梅毒行早期诊断与治疗至关重要,可降低先天性梅毒儿的发病率。     

不同孕期治疗妊娠期梅毒对妊娠结局及新生儿梅毒感染情况的影响

目的:探讨不同孕期治疗妊娠期梅毒对妊娠结局及新生儿梅毒感染情况的影响。方法:选取2010年1月至2014年12月本院诊治的妊娠期梅毒患者80例,根据患者的治疗时间分为A组(孕期≤12周)、B组(孕期12~27周)、C组(孕期≥28周),三组患者均给予规范、足量的抗梅毒治疗。观察并记录三组患者妊娠结局、新生儿Apgar评分、母婴梅毒RPR滴度情况。结果:A组梅毒孕产妇的足月分娩率88.5%显著高于B组的55.6%及C组的55.6%(P0.05);A组梅毒孕产妇的早产率是11.5%显著低于B组33.3%及C组的37.0%(P0.05);三组孕产妇的流产、死胎、低体重儿发生率结果比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组新生儿Apgar评分显著高于B组、C组新生儿(P0.05);A组母婴梅毒RPR滴度均显著低于B组、C组母婴梅毒RPR滴度(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期梅毒孕产妇及早给予抗梅毒治疗,可以显著的提高患者的足月分娩率、降低早产率、改善妊娠结局,提高新生儿Apgar评分,降低先天性梅毒的发生几率。     

孕早期抗梅毒治疗对妊娠期梅毒孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿预后的影响

目的探讨孕早期抗梅毒治疗对妊娠期梅毒孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿预后的影响。方法选取2016年6月至2018年6月深圳市龙华区人民医院诊治的妊娠期梅毒孕妇150例作为研究对象。根据抗梅毒治疗时机不同分为观察组(n=75)、对照组(n=75),两组均予以苄星青霉素治疗,观察组孕早期(孕周13周)行抗梅毒治疗,对照组孕中晚期(孕周≥13周)行抗梅毒治疗,对两组孕妇妊娠结局、新生儿娩出时情况、新生儿预后情况、不同RPR滴度下新生儿梅毒感染情况进行观察。结果不良妊娠结局发生率观察组为6.67%,低于对照组(17.33%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组新生儿Apgar评分及出生体重均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两组呼吸和心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组低体重儿、新生儿死亡、新生儿窒息、新生儿梅毒感染占比与对照组比均较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组孕妇RPR滴度≤1∶8时,新生儿梅毒感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),当孕妇RPR滴度1∶8时,观察组新生儿梅毒感染率低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论孕早期抗梅毒治疗可减少妊娠期梅毒孕妇不良妊娠结局,阻断梅毒垂直传播,改善新生儿预后,值得推广。     

New fillers for the new man

ABSTRACT:  Two new collagen-based lidocaine-containing dermal fillers, ArteSense™/ArteFill™ (Artes Medical, San Diego, CA) and Evolence® (Colbar LifeScience Ltd., Herzliya, Israel), have proved to be of particular interest to men, many of whom seek a long-lasting or permanent correction. ArteFill™ has been available in the United States since 2006, and it is expected that Evolence® will reach the American market in 2008. The properties of the two products will be described, and experience based on the administration of many hundreds of syringes of both products by a Canadian dermatologist will be detailed here, with tips and precautions to optimize patient outcomes.     

Outcomes and adverse effects of ablative vs nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing: A systematic review of 1093 patients

It is generally believed that ablative laser therapies result in prolonged healing and greater adverse events when compared with nonablative lasers for skin resurfacing. To evaluate the efficacy of ablative laser use for skin resurfacing and adverse events as a consequence of treatment in comparison to other modalities, a PRISMA‐compliant systematic review (Systematic Review Registration Number: 204016) of twelve electronic databases was conducted for the terms “ablative laser” and “skin resurfacing” from March 2002 until July 2020. Studies included meta‐analyses, randomized control trials, cohort studies, and case reports to facilitate evaluation of the data. All articles were evaluated for bias. The search strategy produced 34 studies. Of 1093 patients included in the studies of interest, adverse events were reported in a total of 106 patients (9.7%). Higher rates of adverse events were described in nonablative therapies (12.2% ± 2.19%, 31 events) when compared with ablative therapy (8.28% ± 2.46%, 81 events). 147 patients (13.4%) reported no side effects, 68 (6.22%) reported expected, transient self‐resolving events, and five (0.046%) presented with hypertrophic scarring. Excluding transient events, ablative lasers had fewer complications overall when compared with nonablative lasers (2.56% ± 2.19% vs 7.48% ± 3.29%). This systematic review suggests ablative laser use for skin resurfacing is a safe and effective modality to treat a range of pathologies from photodamage and acne scars to hidradenitis suppurativa and posttraumatic scarring from basal cell carcinoma excision. Further studies are needed, but these results suggest that ablative lasers are a superior, safe, and effective modality to treat damaged skin.     

Genetic alterations in RAS‐regulated pathway in acral lentiginous melanoma

Studies integrating clinicopathological and genetic features have revealed distinct patterns of genomic aberrations in Melanoma. Distributions of BRAF or NRAS mutations and gains of several oncogenes differ among melanoma subgroups, while 9p21 deletions are found in all melanoma subtypes. In the study, status of genes involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis was evaluated in a panel of 17 frozen primary acral melanomas. NRAS mutations were found in 17% of the tumors. In contrast, BRAF mutations were not found. Gains of AURKA gene (20q13.3) were detected in 37.5% of samples, gains of CCND1 gene (11q13) or TERT gene (5p15.33) in 31.2% and gains of NRAS gene (1p13.2) in 25%. Alterations in 9p21 were identified in 69% of tumors. Gains of 11q13 and 20q13 were mutually exclusive, and 1p13.2 gain was associated with 5p15.33. Our findings showed that alterations in RAS‐related pathways are present in 87.5% of acral lentiginous melanomas.     

Self‐resolving superficial primary cutaneous mucormycosis in a 7‐week‐old infant

A 7‐week‐old girl, born at 30 weeks' gestational age, presented to clinic for evaluation of a crop of vesicular lesions that were noted after removal of a bandage that had been in place for 4 days. A punch biopsy of the lesion revealed fungal elements that were later identified as Rhizopus spp. The lesion began to self‐resolve, and no further treatment was needed, with full resolution of the lesion by 1 month after presentation. Clinicians should be aware of the variable presentations of mucormycosis and consider fungal infection in the differential diagnosis when evaluating vulnerable patients with skin eruptions.     

Pathogenic role of IL-17 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder resulting from a complex network of cytokines and chemokines produced by various immune cell types and tissue cells. Emerging evidence suggests a central role of IL-17 and IL-23/T17 axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, giving a rationale for using IL-17-blocking agents as therapeutics.Three agents targeting IL-17 signaling are being studied in Phase III clinical trials: secukinumab and ixekizumab (IL-17 neutralizing agents), and brodalumab (IL-17 receptor antagonist). Preliminary results are highly promising for all anti-IL17 agents, creating fair expectations on this class of agents as the new effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of psoriasis.