非酒精性Wernicke脑病二例

目的探讨Wernicke脑病患者的临床和影像学特点。方法分析2例非酒精性Wernicke脑病患者的临床资料。结果 2例患者均为消化道晚期肿瘤行手术治疗、术后有营养不均衡、发病前有葡萄糖注射液补液史。2例患者均有意识障碍和典型的头颅MRI信号改变,即双侧丘脑内侧、中脑顶盖及导水管周围的高T_2信号;维生素B_1补充治疗后患者的症状有不同程度的好转。结论导致维生素B_1缺乏的高危因素、临床表现及典型的头颅MRI表现是临床上Wernicke脑病早期诊断的重要线索。早期足量维生素B_1治疗效果好。高危患者应注意预防Wernicke脑病的发生。     

Wernicke脑病的临床、影像学及病理特点

目的探讨Wernicke脑病的临床、影像学及病理特点。方法回顾性分析10例Wernicke脑病患者的临床、影像学及病理资料。结果本组10例均非乙醇中毒患者,临床表现为不同程度的精神及意识障碍9例,首发症状为眩晕、恶心和呕吐6例,眼肌瘫痪5例,低血压3例,共济失调2例,严重的周围神经病变1例。5例行头颅MRI检查,3例表现为第三、四脑室及中脑导水管周围对称性的长T1长T2异常信号,2例无阳性发现。经补充维生素B1明显好转4例,死亡5例,放弃治疗1例。5例尸检脑部表现为第三、四脑室及中脑导水管周围灰质充血、水肿和点状出血。结论Wernicke脑病临床表现不典型,MRI检查可为Wernicke脑病的早期诊断提供帮助,及早补充维生素B1是治疗的关键。     

Wernicke脑病的临床及影像学特点

目的 分析Wernicke脑病的病因,诊断及影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析27例临床确诊Wernicke病患者的临床资料.结果 27例患者中有不同程度意识障碍12例,记忆力下降8例,眼肌瘫痪25例,共济失调20例.27例行头MRI检查,16例表现为第三、四脑室及中脑导水管周围长T1长T2信号,5例无异常.经及时补充维生素B1明显好转20例,放弃治疗1例,死亡1例.结论 部分临床诊断Wernicke脑病的患者临床表现并不典型,头MRI可为早期诊断提供有效帮助.及时补充维生素B1对改善患者预后起到关键作用.     

韦尼克脑病20例临床分析

目的探讨韦尼克脑病(Wernicke’s encephalopathy,WE)的病因、发病机制、临床表现及治疗,提高对韦尼克脑病的认识和早期临床诊断率,减少临床误诊率。方法对济宁医学院附属医院肾内科、消化科、产科、神经内科、胃肠外科2005-01—2015-12收治的20例(男12例,女8例,年龄21～72岁)WE患者的病史、临床特征、诊断、治疗以及预后进行分析。结果饮酒为韦尼克脑病最常见的病因,临床表现多种多样,典型的临床表现为眼球运动麻痹、共济失调和意识精神障碍三大主征,但典型的WE"三联征"很少同时出现,20例患者中只有2例(10%)表现为典型的三联征。绝大多数患者经大剂量补充维生素B_1后疗效显著。结论 WE病因及临床表现复杂多样,早期诊断十分困难,颅脑MRI可作为诊断此病的重要辅助检查。及时大量补充维生素B_1可以明显改善患者预后情况。     

非酒精性 Wernicke 脑病临床特征分析

目的：探讨非酒精性Wernicke脑病（Wernicke’s encephalopathy ,WE）的病因、临床表现、影像学检查及治疗。方法回顾性分析我院住院的18例非酒精性W E患者的临床资料。结果各种原因所引起的体内维生素B1缺乏均可导致非酒精性WE的发生;临床可表现为精神及意识障碍、眼外肌麻痹和共济失调三联征,但典型的 WE 三联征仅有3例（16.7％）,其余往往以其中1种或2种表现为主,精神及意识障碍最常见（77.8％）,而眼外肌麻痹（33.3％）和共济失调（27.8％）相对较少;影像学检查以头颅M RI为首选,病灶多对称性分布于脑中线结构附近,最常见累及部位是丘脑内侧、第三脑室周围（61.1％）、中脑导水管周围区域（55.6％）、乳头体（38.9％）;18例患者经及时的大剂量补充维生素B1,临床表现均有不同程度的改善。结论各种引起维生素B1缺乏的因素均可为W E的病因,识别不典型的临床表现及特征性头颅M RI改变,对WE早期诊断及治疗具有重要意义。     

Wernicke脑病的临床诊断与治疗

目的 探讨Wernicke脑病的病因、临床特点及治疗。方法 回顾分析8例患者的临床表现及辅助检查结果并复习文献。结果 酒精中毒引起的Wernicke脑病只占37.5％(3/8),更多的见于顽固性呕吐、院内长期单纯补液。临床可表现为典型的或不典型的“三联征”。“四联征”、头颅MRI检查有助于诊断。结论 Wernicke脑病尽管临床少见,但各科医师都可能遇到。其预后与治疗是否及时密切相关,应提高对本病的认识。     

Wernicke脑病二例

Wernicke脑病由维生素B1缺乏引起,临床主要表现为眼外肌麻痹、共济失调、精神和意识障碍,病变部位多位于邻第3脑室的丘脑、下丘脑、乳头体,中脑导水管旁和第4脑室底,且双侧病变对称[1]。此文报道作者医院收治的2例Wernicke脑病患者。1临床资料例1:患者女,76岁。因患慢性胰腺炎1年半、急性发作3 h于2004-08-22被收入作者医院ICU。患胰腺炎以来一直进食不佳,且未额外补充维生素。住院后病情平稳。2005-08-25,坐位说话过程中突发意识丧失,急查头颅CT未见异常。次日行头颅MRI检查,平扫发现长T1长T2信号,DWI发现第四脑室底部散在稍高信号,…     

Wernicke脑病的临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨Wernicke脑病的病因、临床特点及治疗。方法回顾分析8例患者的临床表现及辅助检查结果并复习文献。结果酒精中毒引起的Wernicke脑病只占37.5%（3/8），更多的见于顽固性呕吐、院内长期单纯补液。临床可表现为典型的或不典型的“三联征”、“四联征”。头颅MRI检查有助于诊断。结论Wernick脑病尽管临床少见，但各种医师都可能遇到。其预后与治疗是否及时密切相关，应提高对本病的认识。     

医源性韦尼克脑病(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的报道1例医源性韦尼克脑病病例。方法回顾性分析1例医源性韦尼克脑病患儿的临床资料、实验室和影像学检查结果,并复习相关文献进行分析。结果患儿女性,临床表现为腹痛腹胀伴呕吐,长期禁食,静脉营养后出现意识障碍,查头颅MRI提示双侧丘脑、中脑导水管周围、延髓背侧对称斑片状异常信号影,经肌肉注射维生素B1 100 mg·d-1、甘露醇对症治疗后患儿病情好转。结论长期静脉营养若忽视补充维生素B1可引发韦尼克脑病,临床需引起重视。病史、临床表现、影像学检查对诊断本病有重要意义。     

以急性意识障碍伴低血压为首发症状的非酒精性Wernicke脑病1例

目的 探讨Wernicke脑病尤其是非酒精性Wernicke脑病的少见临床表现。方法 回顾1例非酒精性Wernicke脑病患者的临床表现、辅助检查、治疗过程及预后,并复习该病相关文献。结果 该例非酒精性Wernicke脑病患者以急性意识障碍伴低血压为首发症状,头部核磁（MRI）平扫+弥散加权成像（DWI）提示四叠体、双侧丘脑、双侧乳头体异常信号影,给予VitB1等对症治疗后,该例患者的临床症状得到改善。结论 以急性意识障碍伴低血压为首发症状的非酒精性Wernicke脑病患者经常被误诊。结合可导致VitB1缺乏的病史以及头部MRI等检查有助于尽早明确诊断,及时补充VitB1可有效改善患者的预后。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。