骨水泥在颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折早期手术中的应用(附29例报告)

目的总结骨水泥在修复颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折后争取恢复颅骨正常解剖结构中的经验。方法回顾性分析2009年6月～2011年10月我科应用骨水泥修复颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折患者29例的临床资料。结果所有病例术后复查头部CT示基本恢复颅骨解剖结构,无术后感染病例。结论应用骨水泥修补凹陷粉碎性颅骨骨折,易操作,术后患者头部外观好,避免了二期手术,可明显减轻病人痛苦,节省患者医疗费用,具有较好临床实用价值。     

创伤性前颅窝底粉碎性骨折

创伤性前颅窝底粉碎性骨折是颅脑损伤的一种特殊类型。常伴有开放性颅脑损伤及脑脊液瘘 ,部分合并有眼、鼻损伤。自 1992年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 4月共收治创伤性前颅窝底粉碎性骨折 2 5例。报告如下。临床资料与手术方法　　 1.一般资料 :2 5例中男 2 1例 ,女性 4例。平均年龄 38 5岁 (18岁～ 4 8岁 )。交通事故伤 18例 ,坠落伤 3例 ,打击伤 2例 ,树枝嵌入损伤 2例。伤后原发性昏迷 15例 ,清醒 10例。入院时按格拉斯哥昏迷等级评分 (ＧＣＳ) 9～ 12分 9例 ,6～8分 13例 ,3～ 5分 3例。头面部皮肤裂伤 19例 ,挫伤 4例。其中伤口位于额部 13例 ,…     

颅前窝底脑膜瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅前窝底脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗技巧和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年9月显微手术治疗的24例颅前窝底脑膜瘤的临床资料.结果 Simpson分级Ⅰ级切除6例,Ⅱ级切除18例.术后病理学检查示WHO分级Ⅰ级,其中纤维型7例,上皮型7例,过渡型4例,砂粒型4例,化生型2例.无手术死亡病例.术后随访3?...     

外伤性前颅底粉碎性骨折31例外科治疗

目的探讨外伤性前颅底粉碎性骨折的诊断和外科治疗方法。方法总结31例经手术治疗的外伤性前颅底粉碎性骨折的临床资料,对额部伤口、前颅底硬脑膜、眶板和筛板等颅底骨结构的损伤情况及所采用手术方式进行回顾性分析。结果对不同伤情病人采用不同的手术入路及颅底损伤修复方法,预后均较为满意,未发现脑脊液漏等并发症。结论外伤性前颅底粉碎性骨折可伴有开放性颅脑损伤,治疗上注意了颅骨和硬脑膜等颅底结构的修复可减少并发症,取得较好的临床效果。     

颅前窝神经鞘瘤1例报告并文献复习

目的总结颅前窝神经鞘瘤的诊治经验。方法回顾性分析1例颅前窝底神经鞘瘤病人的临床资料,采用冠状切口左额开颅切除肿瘤,术中妥善处理肿瘤与血管、神经关系。结果术后MRI显示肿瘤全切除,病理诊断为神经鞘瘤,病人术后嗅觉有所恢复。结论颅前窝神经鞘瘤少见,需与其他肿瘤相鉴别,提高预后。     

颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘9例治疗分析

目的 探讨颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析9例颅前窝底DAVF的临床资料。均有头痛,其中6例行单侧额底入路手术切断或夹闭瘘口,2例保守治疗,1例行介入治疗。结果 9例颅前窝底DAVF均为Borden Ⅲ型。6例经单侧额底入路手术切断或夹闭瘘口后均治愈,无术后并发症,术后随访6月至5年无并发症与复发;2例保守治疗中,1例出院2个月后因再出血死亡,1例头痛头晕症状加重伴视力进行性下降;1例介入治疗后头痛症状缓解,随访4年无并发症与复发。结论 经单侧额底入路手术是治疗颅前窝底DAVF的有效方式,效果好,操作简单,术后及远期并发症少。     

28例颅前窝底脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗

目的 探讨颅前窝底脑膜瘤显微手术方法,并评估3D-CTA的手术价值。方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年10月显微手治疗的28例颅前窝底脑膜瘤的临床资料,以3D-CTA为导航,根据脑膜瘤与颅骨及周围血管的三维立体关系设计手术入路。结果 根据Simpson分级:Ⅰ、Ⅱ级全切除24例,次全切除4例。除1例术后早期死亡外,27例术后随访10~56月,复查颅脑MRI无脑膜瘤复发;2例有癫痫,1例短暂尿崩;15例视力好转,2例术前单眼失明无恢复,1例术前单侧眼有光感术后该侧眼失明;23例恢复工作,4例生活可自理。结论 根据颅前窝底脑膜瘤发生部位和扩展范围,以3D-CTA为导航选择手术入路和手术方法,效果良好。     

个体化治疗小儿颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折

目的探讨不同类型小儿颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折发生的机制及手术治疗方法和效果。方法对53例不同类型小儿颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折采用不同的手术方法进行治疗。结果术后死亡1例;43例患儿术后随访2年,2例遗留肢体轻度偏瘫,2例遗留轻度语言功能障碍,1例出现药物无法控制的癫痫发作,余恢复良好。结论对于小儿颅骨凹陷粉碎性骨折,应根据骨折不同类型及合并颅脑损伤情况采用相应手术治疗,可取得较好效果。     

应用丝线缝合法行颅骨粉碎性骨折一次性成形术的体会

临床颅骨粉碎性骨折常因骨折片无法成形还纳而造成颅骨缺损．我院自2001年2月至2005年6月采用丝线缝合法行颅骨碎骨片一次性成形术,还纳骨瓣20例,避免了颅骨缺损,获得了满意的效果。     

Elevated skull fractures in pediatric age group: report of two cases

Elevated fractures of the skull, which are rarely reported in the literature, are always compound, have maximal neurological deficits at presentation and have been reported only in adults. We report two cases of elevated skull fractures in the pediatric age group, one of which was a simple elevated fracture and presented with delayed neurological deterioration. The etiologies were a fall in first case and an animal attack (bear maul) in the second case as reported for the first time. One of the cases presented with delayed onset of left focal hemispheric signs. The first case underwent debridement, duraplasty and reduction of fracture whereas in the second case the bone flap was not replaced immediately because of gross contamination. Both patients had an excellent outcome. Elevated skull fractures are not uncommon in the pediatric age group. Compound elevated skull fractures should be managed early as open depressed fractures. Reduction of a simple elevated fracture presenting with neurological deficits not explained by any other lesion can result in a good outcome.     

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma to skull base and spine: a report of two cases

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We report two patients with benign uterine leiomyoma metastasizing to the nervous system, respectively, to the skull base and to the spine. Although primary cranial and metastatic spinal leiomyomas have been rarely described, to our knowledge no case of benign leiomyoma metastasizing to the skull base has been reported before. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Two female patients with history of hysterectomy for benign leiomyoma, subsequently metastasizing to the lungs and smooth muscles of the skin, presented with a focal neurologic deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a sacral mass in one case and a skull base tumor in the other. INTERVENTION: Both patients underwent surgery for resection of the lesions. Good postoperative results were obtained. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed a benign metastasizing leiomyoma. CONCLUSION: Benign metastasizing leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions in the sacral spine and skull base in patients who have a history of uterine leiomyoma or benign metastases of the same disease in organs outside the nervous system.     

前颅底动脉瘤样骨囊肿1例并文献复习

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤样骨囊肿的临床特点、影像学特征及治疗方法;提高对颅内动脉瘤样骨囊肿的认识。方法回顾分析中国医科大学附属盛京医院1例经手术、病理检查证实的,前颅底动脉瘤样骨囊肿患儿的临床资料;并对相关文献进行复习。结果患儿行显微镜下手术全切除病变,术中见肿瘤位于硬膜外,广泛分布于颅底,向眶内生长,颅底骨质变性增厚。分块切除肿瘤组织,见肿瘤质韧,色粉红,大小约5 cm×4 cm×3 cm。术后病理检查为动脉瘤样骨囊肿。术后患儿恢复良好,随访1年未见复发。结论颅内动脉瘤样骨囊肿临床非常罕见,病因尚不明确;临床表现与其大小和部位有关,影像学检查有特征性表现,显微镜下手术完整切除病变可获得良好预后。     

Pediatric depressed skull fractures: analysis of 530 cases

Depressed skull fractures (DSFs) account for 7–10% of children admitted to hospital with a head injury and 15–25% of children with skull fractures. We reviewed the records of 530 patients operated on for DSF from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 1993. This group was made up of 357 boys (67%) and 173 girls (33%) whose ages ranged from 1 day to 16 years (mean age 6.1 years). Fall was the most common cause of injury. Of the 530 patients with DSF, 66% had compound fractures. the incidence of compound fractures increased with age. Compound fractures caused more brain lacerations (29%) than simple fractures (15.5%) did. We also classified DSFs radiologically as true, flat, or ping-pong ball fractures. Associated intracranial lesions were found to be a bad prognostic factor. There were 13 deaths (2.5%) in this series. Satis-factory results were achieved in over 95% of the patients. Compound fractures are associated with a worse outcome and a higher incidence of intracranial lesions and cortical laceration. Unilateral pupillary dilatation and an admission GCS score of 8 or less are ominous signs in regard to mortality. We also found that the deeper the depressed bone, the higher the risk of both dural tear and cortical laceration and the worse the prognosis. A conservative approach should be followed in cases of simple DSF without associated intracranial hematoma and in cases in which the bone depression is not deeper than 1 cm.Presented at the XXII Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. Birmingham 1994     

面部移位入路手术治疗侵及颅底的青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤

目的探讨采用经上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除侵及颅底的青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤的临床意义。方法对5例青少年病人取面部Weber—Ferguson切口．采用经上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除广泛侵及颅底的鼻咽纤维血管瘤．结果均达到显微镜下肿瘤全切除，随访中未发现肿瘤复发． 结论经上颌骨翻转面部移位入路手术切除侵及颅底的青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤具有显露充分，肿瘤切除彻底，不损伤脑组织的优点，疗效满意，并发症少。     

Anterior encephaloceles: a report of 30 cases

Thirty cases of anterior encephalocele treated in our centre over an 18-year period (from 1973 to 1990) are presented. At the time of surgery over 60% of the patients were under the age of 2 years, and 40% were aged under 1 year. Only one child was over 10 years of age. Twenty-six patients had the frontoethmoidal type of defect, while two each had frontonasal- and nasoorbital-type lesions. Twenty-five children had varying degrees of hypertelorism. Four had an enlarged head and four microcephaly. In 26 patients one-stage repair of the encephalocele and reconstruction of the orbits was undertaken. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed prior to definitive surgery in three patients with gross hydrocephalus. There was no post-operative mortality. Six patients had postoperative CSF rhinorrhoea, three of them requiring a lumboperitoneal shunt. This study highlights the role of one-stage repair of this defect.     

神经导航显微外科治疗颅底中央区脑膜瘤(附35例分析)

目的探讨神经导航系统在颅底中央区脑膜瘤手术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析35例应用神经导航手术操作系统进行显微外科治疗的颅底中央区脑膜瘤病人的临床资料。本组针对不同类型的颅底中央区脑膜瘤,应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术入路,术中应用显微外科技术,避免损伤重要结构,进行有效的肿瘤切除。结果肿瘤全切除28例,次全切除7例。术后早期严重并发症发生率为11.4%,包括动眼神经麻痹1例,脑内血肿1例(行血肿清除术后恢复良好),脑脊液漏1例,颅内感染1例。本组无死亡病例。随访6个月～2年,次全切除者中复发2例。结论应用神经导航系统设计个体化的手术入路,术中应用显微外科技术,精细操作,颅底中央区脑膜瘤大多可以获得成功的手术切除。     

Radiation-induced sarcoma of the skull: report of two cases

The authors describe two cases of sarcomas of the skull following cranial irradiation in patients treated for other neoplasms, acute lymphatic leukemia, and astrocytoma, respectively. The patients (one man and one woman; mean age 24.5 years) developed sarcomas within the irradiated field after a mean latency period of 11.5 years. Histologically, the tumor proved to be a fibrosarcoma. Despite aggressive surgery and other therapy, the survival of the patients was short (10 and 8 months, respectively).The pathological and clinical aspects of this unusual complication are analyzed with reference to 41 cases taken from the world literature.

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Sommario Gli autori descrivono 2 casi di sarcoma del cranio successivi a radioterapia per altre patologie neoplastiche. I pazienti (un uomo ed una donna; età media 24,5 anni) hanno sviluppato il tumore entro il campo d'irradiazione dopo un tempo medio di 11.5 anni. Istologicamente, entrambi i tumori erano fibrosarcomi. Nonostante la terapia chirurgica ed altre terapie complementari, i pazienti hanno avuto una breve sopravvivenza (10 ed 8 mesi rispettivamente).Vengono analizzati gli aspetti patologici e clinici di questa complicanza nei 41 casi riportati in letteratura.

     

显微手术治疗颅底脑膜瘤23例分析

目的 探讨显微手术治疗颅底脑膜瘤的手术入路和操作要点.方法 选取本院收治行显微切除术的颅底脑膜瘤患者46例,随机分为观察组和对照组各23例;观察组以多螺旋CT和MRI对瘤体的解剖位置和血供走向作综合分析,分别选择额下、翼点、枕下等手术入路切除,对照组统一采取枕下乙状窦后入路;对比分析2组手术疗效,总结手术技巧.结果 除小脑桥脑角脑膜瘤外,观察组手术时间和术中出血量均显著少于对照组（P〈0.05）.观察组全切除19例,其中SimpsonⅠ级14例,SimpsonⅡ级5例,次全切除4例;对照组全切除12例,其中SimpsonⅠ级10例,SimpsonⅡ级2例,次全切除11例;观察组全切率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）.观察组术后并发症发生率13.0%,显著显著低于对照组的43.8%（P〈0.05）.结论 颅底脑膜瘤解剖位置深,血供丰富,手术入路应以最大限度显露手术视野和最低程度减少脑组织牵拉为原则,尽可能接近颅底病变区域;在此基础上,精确掌握瘤体与周边组织的解剖关系,谨慎操作,避免医源性血管和神经损伤,是手术成功的关键.