三种PLIF手术治疗崩裂性腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

目的 探讨在椎弓根螺钉固定的基础上采用三种不同的椎间融合法治疗崩裂性腰椎滑脱症的疗效.方法 自2001年12月至2005年10月手术治疗崩裂性腰椎滑脱症56例并将其分为三组.A组22例,采用椎弓根螺钉固定后用单枚Cage加1枚自体骨块椎间融合术.B组16例,采用两枚Cage椎间放置融合术.C组18例,采用单枚Cage椎间斜置.对三组的手术出血量、椎间骨融合、滑脱的复位、椎间隙高度的恢复及临床疗效进行分析.结果 随访8～54 个月,平均22月.根据Nakai疗效评定标准:A组优12例、良10例;B组优8例、良7例、可1例;C组9例、良8例、可1例.在术中出血、滑脱的复位、椎间隙高度的恢复方面三组无显著的差异.而椎间骨性融合方面,A组均可见实在的骨生长;而B、C组因金属Cage的因素不易查见.结论 腰椎单枚椎间Cage、两枚Cage及椎间1枚Cage加自体骨块融合配合椎弓根螺钉治疗腰椎滑脱症均能获得固定确实、复位理想及较为满意的临床疗效,而采用1枚Cage和1枚自体骨块同时椎间融合加椎弓根螺钉固定术其疗效更为理想、合理.     

节段固定结合单枚椎间融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的评估椎弓根钉撑开、复位、固定系统结合单枚Cage手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床效果。方法腰椎滑脱症患者38例,男16例,女22例;年龄22～69岁(平均44.8岁)。根据Meyerding分级:Ⅰ度滑脱20例、Ⅱ度14例、Ⅲ度4例;峡部裂滑脱22例,退变滑脱16例;单节段滑脱32例,双节段6例。采用后路节段性固定加单枚Cage斜放椎间融合方法进行治疗。结果本组38例均获得随访,时间6~34个月,平均16个月。根据Nakai评分标准评价,优20例,良15例,可2例,差1例,优良率92%。术后6~16个月,X线示椎体间植骨融合36例,融合率94.7%,无高度及复位丢失。结论选择个性化的减压,应用单枚Cage椎间融合椎弓根固定是一种比较理想的腰椎滑脱症治疗术式。     

应用RF-Ⅱ复位固定加BAK椎间融合治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的：观察RF-Ⅱ复位固定、神经根通道减压、颗粒骨椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法：31例腰椎滑脱症患者术前按Meyerding分类，Ⅰ度9例，Ⅱ度19例，Ⅲ度3例，手术彻底切除卡压神经根的致病因素后采用RF-Ⅱ椎弓根系统复位固定，椎间隙内填充自体骨颗粒，再放入一枚BAK行椎间融合。结果：31例获得11--51个月，平均24个月的随访，滑脱复位率100％，椎间融合率100％，无滑脱丢失。未发现器械本身引起的并发症。22例临床症状接近或完全缓解，7例大部分缓解，1例无变化。按LBOS标准评分，疗效优良率为73．5％。结论：用RF-Ⅱ复位固定加BAK椎间融合治疗腰椎滑脱症复位满意，效果良好。     

360°植骨融合钉棒固定治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨360°植骨融合加单枚Cage及四钉两棒固定手术治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法采用后路椎弓根提拉螺钉复位滑脱椎体,单节段椎板减压,摘除椎间盘、刮除椎体终板,撑开恢复椎间高度,将碎骨粒加压夯实置入椎间隙内并放置单枚插入型Cage,双侧横突间植骨方法治疗39例腰椎滑脱症患者。结果术后3～24个月随访,平均15个月。手术完全复位33例,不完全复位3例,4例原位融合,椎间高度未丢失,Cage无松动、钉棒无断钉,平均出血量410mL。结论 360°植骨融合加单枚Cage及钉棒固定手术治疗腰椎滑脱症,复位效果满意,出血量少,经济,并发症少。     

椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

目的 观察Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的近期疗效。方法 应用Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症41例，按Meyerding分度，Ⅰ度滑脱25例，Ⅱ度滑脱16例。经前路31例，经后路10例。仅置入1个Cage6例，其中前路4例，后路2例；其余均置入2个Cage。结果 手术前后X线片测量，见病椎有69％～100％(平均83％)的复位，其中15例完全复位。其中32例术后获得10～36个月、平均17个月随访，全部骨性融合，26例症状完全消失，优良率为81．3％。结论 Ⅰ～Ⅱ度的腰椎滑脱症均可应用Cage椎间融合器治疗。     

老年人腰椎滑脱症手术治疗39例回顾

目的探讨后路椎板减压椎间植Cage融合、后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定治疗老年人腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法收治老年人腰椎滑脱39例,男性18例,女性21例;年龄60-78岁,平均年龄65．5岁。分别用PLIF椎板减压椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定和腰后路椎板减压后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定术治疗。结果本组腰椎滑脱症患者随访0．6-2．5年,平均16个月。有1例69岁女性Ⅱ。滑脱病例行PLIF椎板减压椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定出现椎体间移植物的沉陷。4例65岁以下的男性Ⅱ～Ⅲ。滑脱病例行腰后路椎板减压后外侧横突间植骨融合钉棒系统内固定的术后复位良好,但随访时发现出现I。滑脱,植骨未融合,1例出现神经损伤。其余34例均获得满意的效果,内固定位置良好无松动、移位,无螺钉断裂,无切口感染。JOA评分系统对39例患者的术前及随访的临床资料进行分析,优30例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率达到92．3％。结论手术内固定与植骨融合为复位后的椎体创造了稳定的生物力学环境,内固定可以减少术后卧床时间,促使患者早期活动。彻底减压对缓解神经受压及马尾神经损伤有明显疗效,且方法简单、安全实用、疗效确切及并发症少,但对于65岁以下的老年人腰椎滑脱应选用椎间植骨Cage融合钉棒系统内固定术,远期疗效较确切。     

Cage联合SRS治疗腰椎滑脱

目的 探讨应用Cage联合SRS(脊柱滑脱复位固定系统)治疗腰椎滑脱的适应症与优缺点;方法对13例腰椎滑脱患者行Cage联合SRS脊柱滑脱复位固定系统对滑脱椎体进行复位固定,常规行椎管减压及将椎板碎骨块和自体髂骨植入Cage内,并行植骨融合;结果随访6～26 个月,所有患者的腰腿痛等临床症状明显缓解,腰椎滑脱复位率为92%.术后3～8 个月复查X线片显示13例患者均达到椎体间骨性融合.其中1例单侧提拉螺钉松动,经腰部支具制动4个月后达到骨性融合,1例复位有Ⅰ度丢失;结论应用Cage联合SRS脊柱滑脱复位固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱能有效撑开提拉滑脱椎体,操作简便,明显增强术后融合节段的稳定性.     

SRS复位固定加Cage椎间融合治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的 探讨应用SRS椎弓根系统复位固定、后路全椎板减压加斜向植入单枚Cage的椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效.方法 对69例腰椎滑脱症采用全椎板减压、SRS椎弓根系统复位固定,并以后路单枚椎间融合器后斜向植人技术进行治疗.结果 滑脱椎体均获得骨性融合.根据MacNab评定标准,优良率为98.5%.术后无内固定物松动、断裂、椎间融合器下沉等并发症.结论 SRS椎弓根系统和单枚Cage在治疗腰椎滑脱症中具有协同作用,可增强腰椎固定后的稳定性,提高了椎间融合率,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的理想术式.     

内固定联合椎间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉复位固定联合椎间打压植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法本组自2004年4月至2008年9月采用椎弓根螺钉将滑脱椎体提拉复位、椎板减压及椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱症36例,女19例,男17例;年龄44～76岁,平均56.2岁。其中L4滑脱20例,L5滑脱16例;Ⅰ度11例,Ⅱ度25例。结果术后随访6～36个月,平均24个月。根据A sher疗效评定,优26例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率88.9%。33例达到骨性融合,融合率为91.2%,平均融合时间为4.5个月。结论椎弓根螺钉复位固定联合椎间植骨融合术是治疗腰椎滑脱症的一种安全有效方法。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间融合器治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的：探讨后路椎弓根螺钉内固定加椎体间Cage融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法：手术治疗62例腰椎滑脱患者，其中行椎弓根螺钉内固定加Cage(21例)或植骨(3例)椎体间融合共24例：峡部裂型16例，退变性8例；腰4椎体滑脱13例，腰5椎体滑脱11例。按Meyerding分度：I度滑脱18例，Ⅱ度滑脱6例。2例先作后路椎弓切除减压椎弓根螺钉复位内固定，再作前路Cage植入，一期完成手术；其余22例均作后路切口行椎弓切除或椎板切除神经减压，椎弓根螺钉复位内固定，后路椎体间融合，其中19例加用单枚Cage后外侧斜向植入行椎体间融合，另3例行椎体问植骨融合，而使用Cage病例中有6例在其前方加用骨碎块植骨。结果：24例均获得3～48个月的随访，平均随访时间为18个月。根据Asher的疗效观察项目：优12例、良10例、可1例、差1例，优良率达91．7％。结论：腰椎滑脱的治疗减压后的融合是关键；为了达到融合的目的，复位内固定是必要的；减压后椎弓根螺钉内固定加后路腰椎椎体间融合是一个值得推荐的治疗腰椎滑脱的手术方法；而后外侧斜向放置单个Cage是一种安全有效的后路椎体间融合的方法。     

Lumbar lordosis

Lumbar lordosis is a key postural component that has interested both clinicians and researchers for many years. Despite its wide use in assessing postural abnormalities, there remain many unanswered questions regarding lumbar lordosis measurements. Therefore, in this article we reviewed different factors associated with the lordosis angle based on existing literature and determined normal values of lordosis. We reviewed more than 120 articles that measure and describe the different factors associated with the lumbar lordosis angle. Because of a variety of factors influencing the evaluation of lumbar lordosis such as how to position the patient and the number of vertebrae included in the calculation, we recommend establishing a uniform method of evaluating the lordosis angle. Based on our review, it seems that the optimal position for radiologic measurement of lordosis is standing with arms supported while shoulders are flexed at a 30° angle. There is evidence that many factors, such as age, gender, body mass index, ethnicity, and sport, may affect the lordosis angle, making it difficult to determine uniform normal values. Normal lordosis should be determined based on the specific characteristics of each individual; we therefore presented normal lordosis values for different groups/populations. There is also evidence that the lumbar lordosis angle is positively and significantly associated with spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis. However, no association has been found with other spinal degenerative features. Inconclusive evidence exists for association between lordosis and low back pain. Additional studies are needed to evaluate these associations. The optimal lordotic range remains unknown and may be related to a variety of individual factors such as weight, activity, muscular strength, and flexibility of the spine and lower extremities.     

Lumbar spondyloptosis

Summary This paper reports the long term results of 3 patients with lumbosacral spondyloptosis who were treated by closed reduction, followed by 6 to 12 weeks plaster cast immobilisation, posterior fusion and finally anterior fusion after a further 3 to 6 months. The follow up was from 7.5 to 10.5 years. Spondyloptosis was diagnosed by estimating the slip angle and the percentage slip. The initial slip angle ranged from 40° to 55° with 46%–91% slip. The average improvement in the slip angle after reduction was 82% with 74% improvement in slip. There was some loss of correction in every case by the end of treatment: the average improvement in slip angle was 59% (36%–78%) with an average 52% (25%–69%) correction of slip. Fusion was obtained in every case and the clinical results were very satisfactory.

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Résumé Cet article rapporte les résultats à long terme obtenus chez trois malades porteurs d'une spondyloptose lombo-sacrée, traités par réduction à foyer fermé, suivie d'une immobilisation en coquille plâtrée durant 6 à 12 semaines, puis par arthrodèse postérieure et finalement arthrodèse antérieure dans un délai de 3 à 6 mois. Le recul est de 7 ans et demi à 10 ans et demi. La spondyloptose a été évaluée par la mesure de l'angle et du pourcentage de glissement. L'angle initial de glissement variait de 40° à 55° avec un glissement de 46 à 91%. Le gain moyen de l'angle de glissement après réduction était de 82% avec une amélioration du glissement de 74%. Il y eut un certain degré de perte de la correction dans tous les cas en fin de traitement: le gain moyen de l'angle de glissement était de 59% (36 à 78%), avec une correction moyenne du glissement de 52% (25 à 69%). La fusion a été obtenue dans tous les cas et les résultats sont satisfaisants sur le plan clinique.

     

Lumbar spondylolisthesis

Summary The paper gives a survey, based on literature reports and our own experiences in 59 cases. According to Kilian (1853) spondylolisthesis is defined as ventral slipping of a vertebral body together with the pedicles. In pseudospondylolisthesis (Junghanns) the whole vertebra slips ventrally.Elongation of the isthmus of the pedicle or a cleft in the interarticular portion are prerequisites for spondylolisthesis. A dysplastic origin during childhood and adolescence is assumed. The relation of males to females is 2 1.Evolution of spondylolisthesis occurs during childhood and adolescence. The slipping process is finished in adults. Most often the condition is encountered in the lumbar, in particular in the lumbosacral, region. A third to one half of patients with spondylolysis (5–7%) demonstrate spondylolisthesis.Spondylolisthesis is usually an accidental finding, although the condition may lead to low back pain and sciatica. The earlier symptoms arise the gloomier usually is the prognosis. Very rarely a herniated disc is the cause of symptoms. Sciatica is mostly due to irritation of a nerve root by compression on the vertebral edge. Low back pain is caused by arthrogenic, pseudoarthrotic, and spondylotic degenerative disease.Diagnosis is established by AP, lateral, and oblique X-rays, and functional investigations. Myelogram and ossovenogram demonstrate compression of caudal sac and nerve roots.Conservative treatment consists of drugs and physical therapy, and cures one fifth of the patients. The best operative results are found after decompression and stabilisation (Cloward).Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. H. W. Pia on the occasion of his 60th anniversary.     

Lumbar hemangioendothelioma

A case of hemangioendothelioma encountered in the lumbar region of a child is presented. Clinically, the tumor could not be differentiated from a dermoid cyst. This lesion must be included in the differential diagnosis of benign lumbar tumors.     

Lumbar microdiscectomy

Lumbar disc herniations are seen frequently in pain management practices. Specialists are well versed in the nonsurgical treatments for lumbar radiculopathy. Although most disc herniations would resolve without the need for surgery; it should be considered when patients have refractory pain or motor deficit. The following article discusses the surgical treatment for lumbar disc herniation—microdiscectomy. Pertinent literature has been reviewed and the surgical outcomes are highlighted.     

自制器械经皮髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症：（11例报告）

经皮髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症国外已较广泛的应用于临床．取得了满意的效果．此方法主要适用于单纯突出和没有上下潜行的韧带下突出．作者采用自行设计的器械治疗腰椎间盘突出症１１例，其中优７例，良２例．讨论了此方法的手术适应症，手术要点，作用机理和并发症．