正交试验法优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺

目的优选桃红四物汤的水提工艺。方法以芍药苷和浸膏得率为考察指标,以加水量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺。结果桃红四物汤的最佳水提工艺为加12倍量水提取3次,每次1.5h。结论优选出的桃红四物汤的水提工艺合理,可为其工业化生产提供依据。     

田口实验设计法优选麻黄提取工艺

目的:优选麻黄最佳提取工艺.方法:采用田口实验设计法,以乙醇浓度、乙醇用量、提取时间、提取次数为考察因素,以醇提液中盐酸麻黄碱含量为考察指标进行工艺筛选.结果:最佳醇提工艺为6倍量60%乙醇回流提取3次,每次1 h.结论:该工艺稳定可行,简单合理.     

正交试验法优选冠舒颗粒提取工艺

目的：优选冠舒颗粒的醇提工艺和水提工艺。方法采用单因素考察法和 L9（34）正交试验法,以总皂苷含量为考察指标,考察乙醇浓度、加醇量、提取时间、提取次数对醇提工艺的影响。以总多糖含量为考察指标,考察提取时间、提取次数、加水量对水提工艺的影响。结果最佳醇提工艺为加8倍于药材量70%乙醇提取3次,每次2 h;最佳水提工艺为加6倍于药材量水提取3次,每次2 h。结论冠舒颗粒提取工艺稳定可行,适合大工业生产。     

桂枝解郁方中巴戟天、甘草提取工艺研究

目的：优选桂枝解郁方中巴戟天、甘草提取工艺。方法：采用正交试验对醇提工艺条件进行优选,以耐斯糖、甘草苷、甘草酸的含量及固体得率为指标,对乙醇浓度、乙醇体积、提取时间、提取次数进行考察,优选桂枝解郁方的最佳提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度30％,加12倍量的体积,提取3次,每次回流1．5h。结论：该提取工艺提取效率高,方法简便、稳定。     

定眩颗粒醇提工艺研究

目的：研究定眩颗粒中部分药物的醇提工艺,优选提取工艺条件。方法：采用L9（3^4）正交试验设计,以饮片中天麻素和丹参酮ⅡA的提取率为考察指标,同时结合乙醇用量、乙醇浓度、回流时间、提取次数等考察因素,采用HPLC法测定,所得的结果进行方差分析,综合两个指标结果确定最佳工艺。结果：此复方中丹参、天麻等药物确定的最佳醇提工艺条件为：加饮片总量15倍量的70％乙醇分2次回流提取,每次2小时。结论：优选的工艺稳定,方法可行。     

正交试验优选安乳颗粒中乳香、没药的提取工艺

目的：优选安乳颗粒中乳香、没药的提取工艺。方法：以浸膏得率为指标,采用L（934）正交试验进行优选。结果：醇提工艺影响因素依次为乙醇浓度、乙醇用量和提取时间,最佳工艺条件为加8倍量80%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次2小时。结论：优选的醇提工艺易于操作,合理可行。     

散结明目片醇提工艺的研究

目的：优选散结明目片的醇提工艺。方法：以芍药苷含量和干膏得率为考察指标,采用L9（3^4）正交设计试验,对提取时间、提取次数、乙醇浓度、乙醇倍量等因素进行考察,以确定最优提取工艺。结果：最优工艺为用10倍量80％乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1h。结论：优选得到的散结明目片醇提工艺简易、稳定,可作为散结明目片的提取工艺使用。     

芪红胶囊醇提工艺的研究

目的：优选苠红胶囊醇提工艺。方法：以红景天苷提取量和干膏得率为指标,采用L9（3^4）正交设计试验,对提取时间、乙醇浓度、乙醇倍量因素进行考察．以确定最优提取工艺。结果：最优工艺为用14倍量95％乙醇,回流提取2次,每次1h。结论：优选得到的芪红胶囊醇提工艺稳定、可行。     

复方鼻炎颗粒的醇提工艺优选

目的：优选复方鼻炎颗粒醇提工艺。方法：以黄蓖甲苷及欧前胡素含量和浸膏得率为指标进行综合评价,通过正交实验考查乙醇浓度、提取次数、提取时间和加醇倍量对提取工艺的影响。结果：最佳醇提工艺为乙醇浓度75％,加醇10倍量,提取3次,每次1．0h。结论：优选的提取工艺稳定可行。     

苍辛滴鼻剂的提取工艺实验研究

目的：优选苍辛滴鼻剂的最佳提取工艺。方法水提工艺及醇沉工艺均以绿原酸为考察指标进行正交实验。结果苍辛滴鼻剂的最佳水提工艺为：加水8倍量,煎煮2次,每次1 h。最佳醇沉工艺为：水提液浓缩至相对密度为1．05的清膏,乙醇浓度为70%,静置24 h。结论优选出的苍辛滴鼻剂提取工艺稳定可行。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.