急诊科自杀未遂患者的简要自杀风险干预

目的 探讨降低急诊科自杀未遂患者自杀意念的有效方法.方法 依据《照顾有自杀风险的成年患者——急诊科共识指南》制订简要自杀风险干预流程清单,对57例急诊科住院或留观的自杀未遂患者进行干预.结果 57例患者均未再出现自杀行为.干预前及干预后6个月患者自杀态度及自杀意念比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 实施简要...     

社区医务人员糖尿病干预的知识行为及态度调查

目的 了解长沙市社区医务人员关于糖尿病干预的知识(K)、态度(A)、行为(P)的基本情况,为相关部门采取措施更新、提高社区医务人员的知识、技术水平提供参考.方法 利用自制的一般资料调查表和KAP调查问卷对长沙市21个社区卫生服务中心的234名社区医务人员进行调查.结果 社区医务人员糖尿病干预知识得分26.34±4.78,态度得分18.09±4.74,行为水平得分8.33±3.46.糖尿病干预态度与知识及糖尿病干预行为与知识之间具有正向相关关系(r＝0.232、0.162,P＜0.01、P＜0.05).结论 社区医务人员关于糖尿病干预的知识水平较低,态度得分较高,行为水平不能达到理想水平.应通过提高社区医务人员的态度和知识来提高其行为水平.     

社区医务人员糖尿病干预的知识行为及态度调查

目的了解长沙市社区医务人员关于糖尿病干预的知识（K）、态度（A）、行为（P）的基本情况,为相关部门采取措施更新、提高社区医务人员的知识、技术水平提供参考。方法利用自制的一般资料调查表和KAP调查问卷对长沙市21个社区卫生服务中心的234名社区医务人员进行调查。结果社区医务人员糖尿病干预知识得分26．34±4．78,态度得分18．09±4．74,行为水平得分8．33±3．46。糖尿病干预态度与知识及糖尿病干预行为与知识之间具有正向相关关系（r=0．232、0．162,P〈0．01、P〈0．05）。结论社区医务人员关于糖尿病干预的知识水平较低,态度得分较高,行为水平不能达到理想水平。应通过提高社区医务人员的态度和知识来提高其行为水平。     

知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士的患者自杀风险培训

目的探讨知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士患者自杀风险培训的效果。方法组建自杀风险教育多学科团队,采用知信行理论模式对143名急诊科护士进行为期3个月的患者自杀风险培训,比较培训前后护士的自杀态度和自杀护理行为。结果培训后,急诊科护士自杀态度总分及3个维度得分显著低于培训前,自杀护理行为得分显著高于培训前(P0.05,P0.01)。结论知信行理论模式用于急诊科护士患者自杀风险培训可有效改善护士对自杀的态度,规范其患者自杀护理行为。     

社区护士对老年骨质疏松症的预防干预

骨质疏松症已成为全球重大公共卫生与健康问题之一。本文作者总结自己多年社区护理中的工作经验,提出通过健康教育使骨质疏松症患者改善生活方式,改变饮食习惯,进行合理运动及科学锻炼,从而降底骨质疏松的危险因素和预防其并发症,维护病人身体健康。     

综合医院护士对住院患者自杀预防认知的调查研究

目的了解综合医院护士对住院患者自杀预防认知状况,为更好地预防患者自杀提供建议。方法采用自行设计的护士对住院患者自杀预防认知调查问卷,对412名临床护士进行调查。结果护士对住院患者自杀预防认知总均分9.56±2.20,正确率45.52%,其中自杀一般知识均分6.83±1.68,正确率52.54%,自杀预防知识均分2.73±1.41,正确率34.07%。不同年龄、工作年限、职称、学历护士对住院患者自杀预防认知水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。有护理自杀倾向/自杀未遂患者经历的护士自杀预防知识得分高于无经历者(P0.05)。结论综合医院护士预防住院患者自杀的认知水平尚不理想,护理管理者应结合影响因素开展培训。     

护士在预防患者自杀中的守门人角色探析

阐述护士在预防患者自杀中的守门人角色主要表现为:教育者、识别者、评估者、计划者、照顾者、沟通者、保护者、转介者和研究者9种角色,提出护士应充分发挥自杀守门人角色的作用,防止或减少患者自杀行为的发生。     

社区护士能力及影响因素

目的了解社区护士能力,探讨影响社区护士能力的因素。方法采用问卷调查湖北省3个中等城市在职社区护士的综合能力,包括基础护理操作能力、人际沟通能力、社区急救能力、独立解决问题能力、计算机应用能力、专科技能、预见能力、科研及管理能力,并分析其相关因素。结果社区护士最高得分为基础护理操作能力[（7.73±1.21）分],最低得分为科研及管理能力[（2.38±1.24）分]。基础护理操作能力与专业有关,社区急救能力与社区护理年限有关,独立解决问题能力与年龄、职称有关,计算机应用能力与地区有关,各专科技能、预见能力、科研及管理能力与学历有关（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论社区护士基本具备了基础护理操作能力、人际沟通能力和社区急救能力,欠缺的是专科技能、预见能力和科研及管理能力,应该加大社区卫生服务设备投入,对社区护士严格准入,加强培训,提高社区护士能力。     

肿瘤科护士自杀“守门人”培训效果评价

目的 探讨肿瘤科护士自杀“守门人”培训效果,以提高护士预防患者自杀能力。方法 选择56名肿瘤科护士作为研究对象,成立培训小组,根据自杀“守门人”Living Works培训体系,参考自杀学和肿瘤心理学相关文献制订培训方案,并对其进行自杀预防基础知识概述、自杀风险评估、自杀干预训练、随访与事后成长4次培训。结果 培训后,肿瘤科护士的自我效能感、自杀警告信号意识总分及各维度评分显著高于培训前,且自杀预防知识正确率显著高于培训前(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 自杀“守门人”培训有利于提升肿瘤科护士的自我效能感,增强识别自杀警告信号能力,并提高肿瘤科护士的自杀预防知识。     

试论社区护士的素质及培训策略

随着健康概念的不断更新 ,人们对医疗保健的需求日益增高 ,已从单纯的机体疾病的治疗扩展为康复和疾病的预防 ,旧的医疗保健服务模式正在由医院内扩大到医院外 ,由个体逐渐向家庭、社区的方向发展[1] 。为满足不断发展的社区保健的需要 ,培养高素质的社区护士至关重要。1　社区护士应具备的素质1 .1　高尚的职业道德热爱护理专业 ,有爱心和奉献精神 ,是每个护理人员应具备的职业道德。社区护理工作常常需要护士独立进行 ,对病情的观察、处置是否及时、准确 ,全凭护士的职业道德、高度责任感和高尚的“慎独”修养来自我审视和自我约束。因此 …     

Crisis intervention for attempted suicide in Shanghai,China

Suicide, which is a common problem in China, is attracting more attention from Chinese psychiatrists at present. This study reports on the demographic characteristics of 75 suicide attempters and discusses the effects of crisis intervention (CI) management of these people in Shanghai. Most of them are under 35 years of age and have very poor relationships with their partners and parents. It appears that 77.3 per cent of the attempters can improve and are able to cope with stressful events through supportive psychotherapy and brief problem-oriented psychotherapeutic management. The author suggests that CI can be an immediate, effective and practical approach when used to prevent suicide and parasuicide in the community in China.     

护理人员对住院患者自杀预防知信行的调查研究

目的 对护理人员住院患者自杀预防的知识、态度、行为水平进行现况调查,为开展护理人员 自杀预防学习提供参考.方法 采用自制护理人员对住院患者自杀预防知信行调查问卷,对445名护理人员进行调查.结果 护理人员对住院患者自杀预防的知识、态度、行为得分分别为(42.56±6.96)分、(30.02±4.31)分、(52.45±8.02)分,总分为(125.00±15.15)分.是否使用过心理评估量表、是否使用过自杀风险评估工具、是否参与患者自杀预防培训是护理人员 自杀预防知信行的主要影响因素(均P＜0.01).结论 护理人员对住院患者自杀预防知识态度行为总体呈中等偏上水平,管理者应当重视并针对护士开展自杀预防的培训学习.     

综合医院护理人员对患者自杀态度及影响因素研究

目的 了解综合性医院护理人员对患者自杀的态度，并分析影响因素，为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。 方法 采用便利抽样法选取湖北省10所综合性医院的980名护理人员，采用综合性医院护理人员对患者自杀态度问卷进行调查。 结果 共112名（11.4%）护理人员对患者自杀的态度总体上为理解或宽容，864名（88.2%）为中立或矛盾，4名（0.4%）持反对或排斥态度。多元线性回归分析结果显示，医院等级、通过媒体网络途径获取自杀预防相关知识、个人月收入、是否经历患者自杀事件、工作科室是影响护理人员对患者自杀态度的主要因素（均P＜0.05）。 结论 综合性医院护理人员对患者自杀的态度总体上为中立或矛盾。需加强护理人员对住院患者自杀预防的培训，引导护士树立理性的生命价值观和自杀态度，切实履行好维护患者生命安全的“守门人”角色，以预防住院患者自杀。     

Knowledge and Attitude of Community Nurses on Pressure Injury Prevention: A Cross‐sectional Study in an Indonesian City

The objectives of this study were to examine the knowledge and attitude of Indonesian community nurses regarding Pressure Injury (PI) prevention. A cross‐sectional design was used and included the community nurses permanently working in the Public Health Center (Puskemas) in Bandung, West Java Indonesia. Knowledge was measured using the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT 2.0). Attitudes were measured using a predesigned instrument which included 11 statements on a five point Likert scale. All data were collected using paper‐based questionnaires. The response rate was 100%. Respondents (n = 235) consisted of 80 community nursing program coordinators (34.0%) and 155 community nurses (66.0%). Regarding knowledge, the percentage of correct answers in the total group of community nurses on the PUKAT 2.0 was 30.7%. The theme “Prevention” had the lowest percentage of correct answers (20.8%). Community nurses who had additional PI or wound care training had a higher knowledge score compared with community nurses who did not have additional PI training (33.7% vs 30.3%; Z = −1.995; P = 0.046). The median attitude score was 44 (maximum score 55; range 28–55), demonstrating a positive attitude among participants towards PI prevention. Further, the higher the education status of participants, the more positive the attitudes (H = 11.773; P = 0.003). This study shows that community nurses need to improve their basic knowledge of PI prevention. Furthermore, research should be performed to explore what community nurses need to strengthen their role in PI prevention.     

四方联动防跌护理在社区跌倒高危老年人中的应用

目的探讨专科护士-社区护士-个体-家庭四方联动防跌护理模式在社区跌倒高危老年人中的应用与效果。方法选取深圳市龙岗区的2个社区,随机分为观察组和对照组,从两个社区登记建档的跌倒高风险老年居民中分别随机抽选45名进行干预。观察组采用"专科护士-社区护士-个体-家庭"四方联动推进的综合干预方案。对照组接受社区防跌倒常规护理。于干预前及干预后12个月使用修订版社区老年人跌倒危险评估量表、步态和平衡测试量表对两组老年人进行评测,记录两组1年内跌倒发生例次。结果干预期间跌倒发生情况:观察组1人次,对照组6人次。观察组步态和平衡测试得分提高,跌倒危险评估表得分降低,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01)。结论四方联动的综合干预方案应用于社区居家老年人,能有效降低老年人跌倒风险,提升其防跌能力,对预防社区老年人跌倒的发生有积极作用。     

Critical care nurses' knowledge,attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in China: A multicentric cross-sectional survey

Pressure injury is a serious and preventable problem in intensive care units. Translating guidelines into clinical practice can reduce the incidence of pressure injury. Identifying clinical status, barriers and facilitators contribute to guideline implementation. To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in Chinese critical care nurses. Secondary data were extracted from a multicentric clinical trial. Knowledge and attitudes toward pressure injury prevention were assessed by a fourteen-item questionnaire. The observed practices were recorded using a case report form. The report complies with the STROBE statement. A total of 950 critical care nurses in 15 hospitals from six provinces of China were investigated. A total of 53.1% of nurses received a median score of 6 points or less. Knowledge regarding the repositioning procedure, risk assessment, and heel pressure injury prevention was insufficient. Over 99% of nurses strongly or somewhat agreed that pressure injury prevention was very important and that they were willing to take measures to prevent pressure injury. A total of 27 781 patient days of pressure injury prevention practice were recorded. Repositioning was the most commonly used prevention measure, followed by support surfaces and prophylactic dressings. A combination of repositioning, support surface, and prophylactic dressing was lacking. Chinese critical nurses showed a low level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward pressure injury prevention. Practices of pressure injury prevention were unsatisfactory. There is a clear gap between the guidelines and clinical practices. The barrier (low-level knowledge) and facilitator (positive attitude) were identified in this study. According to these findings, strategies need to be developed to promote guideline implementation.     

Critical care nurses' knowledge,attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in China: A multicentric cross‐sectional survey

Pressure injury is a serious and preventable problem in intensive care units. Translating guidelines into clinical practice can reduce the incidence of pressure injury. Identifying clinical status, barriers and facilitators contribute to guideline implementation. To identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pressure injury prevention in Chinese critical care nurses. Secondary data were extracted from a multicentric clinical trial. Knowledge and attitudes toward pressure injury prevention were assessed by a fourteen‐item questionnaire. The observed practices were recorded using a case report form. The report complies with the STROBE statement. A total of 950 critical care nurses in 15 hospitals from six provinces of China were investigated. A total of 53.1% of nurses received a median score of 6 points or less. Knowledge regarding the repositioning procedure, risk assessment, and heel pressure injury prevention was insufficient. Over 99% of nurses strongly or somewhat agreed that pressure injury prevention was very important and that they were willing to take measures to prevent pressure injury. A total of 27 781 patient days of pressure injury prevention practice were recorded. Repositioning was the most commonly used prevention measure, followed by support surfaces and prophylactic dressings. A combination of repositioning, support surface, and prophylactic dressing was lacking. Chinese critical nurses showed a low level of knowledge and a positive attitude toward pressure injury prevention. Practices of pressure injury prevention were unsatisfactory. There is a clear gap between the guidelines and clinical practices. The barrier (low‐level knowledge) and facilitator (positive attitude) were identified in this study. According to these findings, strategies need to be developed to promote guideline implementation.