牛蒡茶对高脂血症大鼠的降脂作用

目的观察牛蒡茶对高脂血症大鼠血脂参数的影响。方法喂饲法建立高脂血症大鼠模型,将大鼠随机分成对照组及牛蒡茶低、中、高剂量组,分别给予蒸馏水和牛蒡提取液0.83、1.67、5.00 g/kg灌胃,连续35 d,测定实验前后各组血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平。结果中剂量组的TG明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）;高剂量组的TC、TG明显低于对照组,HDL-C明显高于对照组（P均〈0.05）。结论牛蒡茶提取物能明显降低高脂大鼠的TC及TG水平,并升高HDL-C水平,具有调节血脂的作用,可开发为防治高血脂的纯天然保健食品。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效

目的探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效及对血脂水平的影响。方法将96例非酒精性脂肪肝患者按照入院顺序随机分成观察组和对照组,每组48例。对照组患者单纯使用多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊治疗,口服,456 mg/次,3次/d。观察组在对照组的基础上加用盐酸二甲双胍片口服,500 mg/次,3次/d。两组患者均连续治疗3个月,并在此期间不用其他辅助药物。分别观察并比较两组患者治疗前后的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)的变化。在治疗过程中分别记录两组患者的不良反应发生情况,并在治疗结束后做出疗效判定。结果观察组和对照组患者的总有效率分别为89.58%和72.92%,观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的ST、ALT、IRI、TC、TG、LDL-C在治疗后均明显下降,HDL-C在治疗后明显上升,各项指标变化差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对照组患者中仅ST、ALT、TC、TG水平在治疗后下降(P<0.05),而IRI、HDL-C、LDL-C在治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外观察组和对照组的不良反应发生率分别为6.25%和4.17%(P>0.05)。结论使用多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合二甲双胍治疗非酒精性脂肪肝能明显提高疗效,改善肝功能,降低血脂水平和胰岛素抵抗。     

定期无偿献血对献血者血脂的影响

目的 探讨定期无偿献血对献血者血脂的影响.方法 选择65例定期无偿献血者(献血组)、48例非献血的健康者(对照组),分别检测两组血常规[RBC、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)]、血脂(TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C),并比较其TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C.结果 献血组RBC、HCT均高于正常范围低限,仅1例女性Hb低于正常范围.两组TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC/HDL-C和LDL-C/HDL-C比较均无统计学差异(P均＞0.05).结论 定期无偿献血对献血者血脂无影响.     

运动疗法治疗非酒精性脂肪肝的临床疗效观察

目的观察体育运动疗法对非酒精性脂肪肝的疗效。方法将72例非酒精性脂肪肝患者随机分为2组。对照组36例采用口服易善复治疗,运动组36例采用易善复结合体育运动疗法治疗。3个月为1个疗程,治疗2个疗程后观察血脂[血脂甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]、肝功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、胆红素(TBiL)]、肝脏B超及身高体重指数(BMI)变化情况,统计临床疗效。结果运动组总有效率94.44%,对照组总有效率72.11%,差异性比较有统计学意义(P0.01)。运动组治疗后丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、胆红素(TBiL)、总胆固醇(TC)、血脂甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及BMI均明显低于对照组和本组治疗前(P0.05,P0.01)。结论体育运动疗法可改善肥胖性脂肪患者的临床症状,明显降低血脂水平、肝功能异常和影像学指标,疗效显著。     

二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效观察

[目的]观察二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的临床疗效。[方法]临床收集肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者109例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组55例,对照组54例。对照组给予二甲双胍片、多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊口服治疗,治疗组给予二甲双胍片联合中药健脾调脂化瘀方口服治疗,连续12周。观察2组患者治疗前后临床症状、体征、体质指数(BMI)及肝脏超声的变化,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平的变化。[结果]治疗组总有效率为90.9%(40/55),对照组总有效率为75.9%(41/54),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。与治疗前相比较,对照组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC水平降低(P〈0.05或P〈0.01),HDL-C水平升高(P〈0.05),LDL-C水平无明显变化(P>0.05);治疗组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平明显降低(P〈0.01),HDL-C水平明显升高(P〈0.01)。与对照组比较,治疗组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C水平降低,血清HDL-C水平升高,均优于对照组(P〈0.05)。[结论]二甲双胍片联合健脾调脂化瘀方治疗肥胖症并非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,具有良好的临床疗效。     

脂炎消煎剂联合易善复治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎临床研究

目的:探讨脂炎消煎剂联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊(易善复胶囊)治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的临床疗效。方法:100例NASH患者随机分为治疗组50例和对照组50例,治疗组患者口服脂炎消煎剂和易善复胶囊,对照组患者服用易善复胶囊,观察两组患者治疗后的总有效率、肝功能及血脂的变化。结果:经治疗后治疗组总有效率优于对照组(P0.05);患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)和γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)均明显降低,且优于对照组(P0.05或0.01);同时总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)较治疗前显著降低(P0.05或0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),其中TG与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:脂炎消煎剂联合易善复胶囊治疗NASH疗效显著,能明显改善患者肝功能及降低血脂。     

华夏小葱制剂对脂肪肝大鼠脂质代谢和组织形态学的影响

目的:观察华夏小葱制剂对脂肪肝大鼠防治作用及其对组织形态学影响.方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(n= 10),模型对照组(n=10),华夏小葱制剂低剂量组(n=10),中剂量组(n=10),高剂量组(n =10)以及东宝肝泰片组(n=10)。空白对照组用普通饲料及普通水喂养;其他组用高脂饮食及酒精水喂养,并结合每周一次行后肢sc小剂量四氯化碳色拉油溶液的方法建立大鼠脂肪肝模型.用光镜及电镜观察肝脏的形态学改变情况,采用全自动生化分析仪测定总胆固醇(TC),甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇fLDL-C),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶),AST(天门冬酸氨基转移酶),TP(总蛋白),ALB(清蛋白)、GLO(球蛋白)及A/G(清蛋白/球蛋白)的含量.结果:光镜和电镜观察均见模型对照组有严重脂肪变性,脂滴增多;华夏小葱低、中、高剂量组及东宝肝泰片组脂肪变性程度有所减轻,脂滴不同程度的有所减少.和空白对照组的TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,ALT,AST,TP,ALB相比,模型对照组大鼠血浆TC,TG,LDL-C,ALY,AST值均显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C,TP,ALB值均显著降低(P<0.01);和模型对照组的TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,ALT,AST TP,ALB相比,华夏小葱低,中,高剂量组及东宝肝泰片组TC,TG,LDL-C值均显著降低(TC:低,中,高剂量组P<0.05,东方肝泰片组P<0.01;TG:低,中剂量组和东方肝泰片平P<0.05,高剂量细P<0.01:LDL-C:均P<0.05),HDL-C值与模型对照组相比显著升高(均P<0.05),ALY,AST值与模型对照组相比无统计学差异,华夏小葱高剂量组与模型对照组相比ALB值显著升高(P<0.05).结论:华夏小葱制剂能改善脂肪肝大鼠体内的脂质代谢,对脂肪肝有一定的防治作用.     

冠心病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平变化及临床意义

目的 研究冠心病患者血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）与冠心病严重程度及主要危险因素的关系。方法 对笔者医院888例冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影、超声检查,并检测血清GGT、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。结果 与GGT正常组相比,GGT升高组ALT、AST增加,TG上升,HDL-C下降,LVEF下降,Gensini评分升高。且GGT与ALT、AST、TC、TG、LDL-C和Gensini评分呈正相关,与LVEF和HDL-C呈负相关。结论 冠心病患者血清GGT水平与冠心病严重程度及冠心病的主要危险因素有关。     

血清髓过氧化物酶水平与慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒DNA载量的相关性研究

目的探讨血清髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平与慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBVDNA)载量的相关性。方法选取2013年5月—2014年6月廊坊市人民医院收治的CHB患者124例为观察组,同时选取在本院体检中心体检健康者103例为对照组;将观察组患者按照HBV-DNA拷贝数分为低载量组(10~3 Copies/mlHBV-DNA≤10~5 Copies/ml)51例,中载量组(10~5 Copies/mlHBV-DNA≤10~7 Copies/ml)48例及高载量组(HBV-DNA10~7 Copies/ml)25例。比较对照组、观察组以及3个亚组受试者肝功能指标〔丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)〕、血脂指标〔三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)〕及血清MPO、C反应蛋白(CRP)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平,并分析血清MPO水平与HBV-DNA载量的相关性。结果对照组与观察组受试者血清TC、HDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者血清ALT、AST、TG、LDL-C、MPO、CRP、AFP水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。低载量组、中载量组、高载量组患者ALT、AST、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、MPO、CRP及AFP水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,血清MPO水平与HBV-DNA载量无直线相关性(r=0.254,P0.05)。结论血清MPO水平与CHB患者HBV-DNA载量无直线相关性。     

辛伐他汀对糖尿病并发高脂血症或混合型高脂血症患者降脂疗效观察

目的:观察辛伐他汀(商品名:舒降之,20 mg/d)对糖尿病并发高脂血症或混合型高脂血症患者降脂治疗的有效性和安全性.方法:采用多中心开放研究,对重庆、成都和武汉三市143例糖尿病并高脂血症或混合型高脂血症患者予每日晚间顿服辛伐他汀20 mg,共6周,观察用药前后血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和肌酸激酶(CK)水平变化.结果:治疗后6周时TG、TC和LDL-C均较治疗前明显的降低(P<0.0001),降低率分别为37.36%、26.95%和29.68%,而HDL-C显著升高(P<0.0001),升高率为16.78%,治疗前后ALT、AST和CK无明显变化.整个治疗阶段未发生与药物有关的不良反应.结论:辛伐他汀对于糖尿病并发高脂血症或混合型高脂血症患者的降脂疗效是有效和安全的.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.