急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆同型半胱氨酸的相关性分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的相关性。方法选取2011年2月—2012年2月首次在我院神经内科住院治疗的50例急性脑梗死患者(观察组)和50例非脑血管疾病患者(对照组)。使用美国GE公司MycoCard○RReaderⅡ型超声诊断仪行颈动脉超声检查,根据内膜中层厚度(IMT)将患者分为非颈动脉粥样硬化组36例和颈动脉粥样硬化组64例。应用荧光偏振免疫法检测患者血浆Hcy水平。结果观察组左颈总动脉IMT和右颈总动脉IMT均高于对照组(P0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化组Hcy高于非颈动脉粥样硬化组(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆Hcy水平相关。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 对200例脑梗死患者与150例健康对照者进行空腹血浆Hcy、叶酸、维生素B12、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白测定;应用彩色多普勒超声检测二者颈动脉粥样硬化程度及内膜中层厚度（IMT）.结果 脑梗死患者Hcy为（25.41±4.10） μmol/L,健康对照者为（14.46±2.10） μmol/L,二者比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.血浆Hcy水平与颈动脉IMT呈正相关（r=0.849,P＜0.05）,与维生素B12、叶酸水平呈负相关（r分别为-0.526、-0.326,P均＜0.05）.结论 血浆Hcy水平是脑梗死发生的独立危险因素,补充叶酸和维生素B12可以有效降低脑梗死的发病风险.     

脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性

目的探讨脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集该院收治的脑梗死患者60例为脑梗死组,同时期的健康体检者20例为正常对照组,对所有研究对象的血清Hcy、叶酸及维生素(Vit)B12水平及颈动脉粥样硬化相关情况进行检测分析。结果与正常对照组比较,脑梗死组患者的血清Hcy水平较高,血清叶酸及Vit B12水平较低(P0.05)。与正常对照组比较,脑梗死组患者的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)较高(P0.05)。不同颈动脉狭窄程度患者血清Hcy水平:无狭窄组轻度狭窄组中度狭窄组重度狭窄组(P0.05)。不同颈动脉斑块数量患者血清Hcy水平:无斑块组单发斑块组多发斑块组(P0.05)。不稳定斑块组的血清Hcy水平明显高于稳定斑块组(P0.05)。脑梗死患者颈动脉IMT与血清Hcy水平呈线性正相关(r=0.612,P0.01)。结论脑梗死患者的血清Hcy水平及颈动脉IMT水平高于正常对照组,且血清Hcy水平越高,颈动脉粥样硬化程度越严重。     

急性心肌梗死、急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B12水平研究

目的观察急性心肌梗死、急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、叶酸及维生素B12水平,探讨Hcy水平与叶酸、维生素B12的相关性及Hcy与心脑血管事件相关性的差异。方法随机选取山西医科大学第二医院2010年10月—2011年10月急性心肌梗死患者60例为心梗组,急性脑梗死患者72例为脑梗组,体检中心同期健康体检者60例为对照组。分别测定3组血清Hcy、叶酸、维生素B12水平,并做组间比较、相关性分析和非条件logistic回归。结果心梗组Hcy高于对照组(P<0.05),叶酸、维生素B12低于对照组(P<0.05);脑梗组Hcy高于对照组(P<0.05),叶酸、维生素B12低于对照组(P<0.05);心梗组、脑梗组Hcy、叶酸、维生素B12差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。血清Hcy水平与叶酸(rs=-0.379)、维生素B12(rs=-0.350)呈负相关(P<0.01)。Hcy水平升高是急性心肌梗死(OR=1.253,95%CI:1.138～1.380)、急性脑梗死(OR=1.317,95%CI:1.182～1.467)的危险因素,Hcy与脑梗死的相关性更强(β脑梗组0.275vs心梗组0.226)。结论急性心肌梗死、急性脑梗死患者血清Hcy水平升高,叶酸、维生素B12水平降低。血清Hcy水平升高与叶酸、维生素B12缺乏有关。高同型半胱氨酸血症是心脑血管事件发生的危险因素,Hcy与脑梗死的相关性更强。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与老年脑梗死的关系及药物干预研究

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(HCY)的含量与老年脑梗死的关系及药物干预效果。方法选择2011年6月至2013年6月我院收治的老年脑梗死患者68例为脑梗死组,老年健康体检者38例为对照组。测定2组患者血浆HCY、叶酸、维生素B12、血肌酐、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、身高、体质量等各指标的水平,并进行组间比较。同时做颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,比较脑梗死组与对照组的颈动脉硬化情况及与HCY的关系。根据发作情况将脑梗死组分成初发组(32例)和复发组(36例),分别与对照组的HCY水平比较。同时,对脑梗死组患者给予叶酸及维生素B12进行干预,比较前后HCY水平。结果 (1)老年脑梗死患者血浆HCY水平高于对照组(P0.05),而血浆叶酸和维生素B12水平均显著低于正常对照组(P0.05)。脑梗死组的血浆HCY水平与叶酸和维生素B12水平均呈负相关(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示HCY(OR=6.521,P0.05)是脑梗死的独立危险因素。(2)脑梗死复发组和初发组血浆HCY水平均显著高于对照组(P0.01),颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)均高于对照组(P0.05);脑梗死复发组血浆HCY水平高于初发组(P0.05),但2组间颈动脉IMT值差异无统计学意义。(3)对高HCY患者药物干预3~4周后血HCY显著降低(P0.01)。结论高HCY血症是老年脑梗死的一个重要危险因素;血浆HCY水平与颈动脉粥样硬化患者复发性脑梗死可能有关;给予叶酸、维生素B12干预可以有效降低血清HCY水平。     

不同分期脑梗死合并颈动脉硬化患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平研究

目的 研究不同分期脑梗死合并颈动脉硬化患者血浆同型半胱氨酸及叶酸、维生素B12水平,分析它们之间的相互关系。方法 分别收集急性脑梗死患者79例为急性脑梗死组,脑梗死后遗症患者30例为脑梗死后遗症组,共109例患者作为病例组,选取75例健康体检者作为对照组,对照组年龄、性别、危险因素均与病例组相匹配。根据颈部动脉彩超结果又将病例组分为无斑块组、有斑块组、颈动脉狭窄组三个组。采用病例组-对照组对比研究法,测定并比较各组血浆同型半胱氨酸及叶酸、维生素B12水平。结果 病例组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平均较对照组升高,差异有显著性（P<0.05）;急性脑梗死组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死后遗症组比较,差异无显著性（P>0.05）;病例组中无斑块组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与有斑块组、颈动脉狭窄组三者两两比较,差异有显著性（P<0.05）;病例组血浆叶酸、维生素B12水平与对照组比较,差异均无显著性（P>0.05）。结论 高同型半胱氨酸血症与脑梗死有密切关系,是促进脑梗死发病的危险因素;血浆同型半胱氨酸水平在不同分期脑梗死中无明显差异;血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度有关,随同...     

血浆同型半胱氨酸、叶酸、维生素B_(12)水平与脑梗死及血管性痴呆的相关性

目的探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、叶酸及维生素B12水平与脑梗死及血管性痴呆(VD)的相关性。方法采用直接化学发光技术测定32例VD患者,18例非痴呆性脑梗死患者及20例健康对照组血浆Hcy、叶酸及维生素B12水平。结果 VD患者血浆Hcy水平明显高于非痴呆性脑梗死组及正常对照组(P<0.01),其叶酸及维生素B12水平也明显低于非痴呆性脑梗死组及正常对照组(P<0.01)。但不同程度VD患者间Hcy、叶酸及维生素B12水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论高Hcy血症是脑梗死及VD的危险因素,但不能影响VD程度。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的变化及其主要影响因素

目的:探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及其代谢相关因子(叶酸、维生素B12)和血脂与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)之间的关系。方法:110例ACS患者(ACS组)及110例性别和年龄相匹配的非心脑疾病者(对照组),应用高效液相色谱荧光分析法测定血浆Hcy浓度,同时测定叶酸、维生素B12浓度及血脂水平,分析血浆Hcy与ACS有无相关性,并进一步分析Hcy与叶酸和维生素B12之间的关系。结果:①ACS组血浆Hcy浓度[(16.75±11.97)mmol/L]高于对照组[(13.15±5.65)mmol/L],(P<0.05)。②血浆Hcy浓度和血浆叶酸、维生素B12浓度呈明显的非线性负相关。③ACS组血脂与Hcy水平无明显相关。结论:高Hcy血症是ACS的一个新的危险因素,叶酸、维生素B12是影响ACS患者血浆Hcy水平的主要因素。     

中年高血压患者血浆叶酸、VB_（12）、Hcy水平与颈动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨中年高血压（HP）患者血浆叶酸、维生素B12（VB12）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与颈动脉硬化的关系。方法对30例中年HP患者（HP组）及30例体检正常者（对照组）进行颈动脉彩超检查,检测其颈总动脉紧张度、扩张性及颈动脉内膜—中层厚度（IMT）;并检测血浆叶酸、VB12、Hcy和血脂。分析叶酸、VB12、Hcy水平与颈动脉硬化的关系。结果与对照组比较,HP组颈总动脉紧张度、扩张性明显下降,颈总动脉IMT明显升高,Hcy、TG明显升高,VB12、HDL-C明显下降（P均〈0.05）;相关分析表明,HP组颈动脉IMT与Hcy水平呈正相关（r=0.378,P〈0.05）。结论中年HP患者的颈动脉硬化与Hcy升高、VB12降低关系密切。     

冠心病患者同型半胱氨酸水平及叶酸、维生素B6和B12的干预效果

目的观察冠心病患者同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与血浆叶酸、维生素B12浓度之间的关系,以及高同型半胱氨酸血症联合补充叶酸、维生素B6和维生素B12对Hcy水平的影响。方法冠心病患者332例,正常对照组194例。采用高压液相色谱法测定空腹血浆Hcy水平,应用放免分析法测定基础血浆叶酸及维生素B12浓度。Hcy水平高于15μmol/L者为高同型半胱氨酸血症,随机分为治疗组（55例）和对照组（43例）,均为冠心病患者,治疗组予以每日补充叶酸5mg,维生素B620mg,每日3次,维生素B120.5mg,,每日1次,4周后复查血浆Hcy水平。结果冠心病患者血浆Hcy水平高于正常组,基础叶酸浓度明显低于正常组,直线相关分析结果显示冠心病组血浆Hcy水平与基础叶酸浓度呈明显负相关（r=-0.149,P<0.05）,治疗组4周后Hcy水平平均降低了37.7%,治疗前后Hcy水平有显著差异（P<0.01）,结论冠心病患者Hcy水平较正常对照组显著升高,联合补充叶酸、维生素B6和维生素B12可明显降低冠心病患者高同型半胱氨酸血症者的血浆Hcy水平。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.