香薷体外抗阴道毛滴虫的透射电镜观察

目的 探讨香薷体外杀灭阴道毛滴虫的作用机制.方法 将1∶4浓度的香薷水提液作用于体外培养的阴道毛滴虫,并采用透射电镜观察香薷作用2和4h后毛滴虫的超微结构变化.结果 香薷作用2h后毛滴虫粗面内质网排列紊乱并脱颗粒,多聚核糖体解聚,高尔基复合体肿胀变形,胞质内空泡增多,核膜不完整,核质变疏松;作用4h后,胞膜破损,内容物外溢,内部结构消失,虫体死亡.结论 香薷具有较强的抗滴虫作用,可破坏阴道毛滴虫的内膜系统.     

胆汁淤积型猪肝硬化模型与正常猪肝的冷循环微波消融实验的对比研究

目的 探讨胆汁淤积型肝硬化活体、离体猪肝(实验组)与正常活体、离体猪肝(对照组)在相同的冷循环微波消融条件下消融范围的区别.方法 西藏小型猪共6只,实验组4只进行胆管结扎术,对成功建立的肝硬化模型开腹行冷循环微波消融术,同时对对照组(2只)行相同条件下的微波消融,观察消融灶形态学特征,测量消融灶纵轴、横轴,计算消融灶体积,并进行统计学分析;用HE染色法对消融灶进行病理学分析.结果 实验组1只猪于胆管结扎后14 d死亡,其余3只均成功建立胆汁淤积型肝硬化模型.实验组及对照组在相同条件下(功率70 W,时间5 min)行微波消融的实验结果:(1)正常猪肝活体消融范围的短轴、长轴及体积均较离体偏小[(2.04±0.05) cm、(3.14±0.11)cm和(6.8±0.5)cm3,(2.30±0.18)cm、(3.60±0.08)cm和(10.0±1.7)cm3],且消融范围长轴及体积的差异均有统计学意义(P =0.000、0.031),但消融范围短轴的差异无统计学意义(P=0.060).(2)肝硬化猪肝模型活体消融范围的短轴、长轴及体积均较离体偏小,且差异均有统计学意义[(1.90±0.10)cm、(2.95±0.12)cm和(6.0±0.8)cm3,(2.08±0.08) cm、(3.08±0.75) cm和(7.0±0.5)cm3,P =0.028、0.026、0.008].(3)正常猪肝活体与离体消融的短轴、长轴及体积均大于相同消融条件下的硬化肝脏活体与离体消融的短轴、长轴及体积,且 长轴及体积的差异有统计学意义(P =0.019、0.000,P=0.024、0.036),但消融短轴在活体及离体实验中差异均无统计学意义(P=0.110、P=0.090).结论 在功率70 W,消融时间 5 min条件下,胆汁淤积型肝硬化活体与离体猪肝的消融范围小于正常猪肝的消融范围,活体猪肝的消融范围小于离体猪肝的消融范围.     

超声心动图胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观在动脉导管未闭分型诊断中的应用

目的 探讨超声心动图胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观在动脉导管未闭分型诊断中的意义.方法 选取2012年1月至2013年1月曹县县立医院收治的65例动脉导管未闭患者,所有患者均进行超声心动图胸骨旁大动脉短轴观与胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观扫描,比较两者的分型诊断结果、导管长度及主动脉、肺动脉侧内径等指标.结果 两种切面检查动脉导管未闭的检出率均为100%,胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观漏斗型动脉导管未闭的检出率显著高于胸骨旁大动脉短轴观（χ2=4.744,P〈0.05）,管型、窗型的检出率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.211,0.020,P＞0.05）,胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观的主动脉侧内径与胸骨旁大动脉短轴观比较,差异有统计学意义（t=3.642,P〈0.05）,但导管长度及肺动脉侧内径与胸骨旁大动脉短轴观比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.832,0.341,P〉0.05）.结论 超声心动图胸骨旁大动脉短轴观与胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观扫描均可有效检测动脉导管未闭,其中胸骨上窝主动脉长轴观对于检测漏斗型动脉导管未闭具有优势.     

原发性血小板减少性紫癜及脾功能亢进的巨核细胞形态学观察

目的:研究原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)及脾功能亢进的巨核细胞形态学改变。方法:选择228例原发性血小板减少性紫癜患者为ITP组,332例脾功能亢进患者为脾亢组,以23例正常人员为对照组,观察对比3组人员巨核细胞形态学改变。结果:3组骨髓巨核系形态学比较,巨核细胞总数、原巨核细胞、幼巨核细胞、产血小板型巨核细胞、巨核细胞裸核、变性巨核细胞两两比较均有统计学差异(均P<0.05);颗粒型巨核细胞、巨核细胞胞体、胞核体积大小ITP组与脾亢组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ITP巨核系成熟障碍重于脾亢,巨核系变异程度比较高。     

急性白血病化疗前后细胞形态计量学分析

目的 :探讨急性白血病 (AL)化疗前后细胞形态学参数及临床意义。方法 :用细胞形态计量学方法 ,利用普通光镜手工测试急性白血病化疗前后白血病细胞长轴 (CL)、短轴 (CS)、核长轴 (NL)、短轴 (NS) ,换算出细胞平均轴(CM)、细胞面积 (CA)、核平均轴 (NM)、核面积 (NA)及核面积与细胞面积之比 (NA/CA)共 9个参数 ,并结合临床疗效与预后进行分析。结果 :急性髓性白血病 (AML)化疗后细胞形态参数值均增大 ,AML、M3 、M4 、M5型化疗后增大更明显。急性淋巴白血病 (ALL)化疗前后细胞形态参数值无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :化学治疗能改变AML的形态参数且有预后意义 ;而不能改变本组ALL的形态计量值     

超声引导下短轴与长轴方法在锁骨下静脉穿刺中应用效果的比较

目的比较超声引导下短轴与长轴方法在锁骨下静脉穿刺中的应用效果。方法将拟接受锁骨下静脉穿刺的127例患者随机分为短轴组(n=64)和长轴组(n=63)。短轴组在超声探头短轴下行锁骨下静脉穿刺,长轴组在超声探头长轴下进行锁骨下静脉穿刺。比较两组患者第一次穿刺成功率、穿刺失败率、超声定位时间和穿刺相关并发症的发生率。结果短轴组第一次穿刺成功率高于长轴组,超声定位时间短于长轴组(均P<0.05),但两组穿刺失败率、穿刺相关并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论与采用长轴相比,在超声引导下进行锁骨下静脉穿刺时采用短轴方法可以更快、更准确地找到目标血管,第一次穿刺成功率更高,穿刺定位时间更短。     

正常人肝叶斜矢状面轴线测量、体积测量及两者间的相关性研究

目的 :探讨从肝叶斜矢状面轴线测量的方法来了解肝脏形态学的变化特点,并借此论证肝叶斜矢状面轴线测量法评价肝脏形态学改变的可行性。方法 :对30例正常成年人肝脏行CT容积扫描,分别行右叶、方叶、左外叶上、左外叶下长轴斜矢状面重建,并测量各斜矢状面长轴及短轴的长度;分别测量右叶、方叶、左外叶、尾状叶的体积大小,并分析各斜矢状面长轴与短轴长度与其所在肝叶体积大小的相关性。结果 :肝右叶、方叶、左外叶体积分别与肝右叶、方叶、左外叶下长轴斜矢状面长轴、短轴间存在正相关关系,且轴线测量法与体积测量法之间无统计学差异。结论 :正常人右叶、方叶、左外叶下长轴斜矢状面长轴与短轴大小与所在肝叶体积之间有明显的相关性,而且呈正相关,表明各叶长轴斜矢状面长轴、短轴的变化能够反应所在肝叶的体积变化。     

甲硝唑体外抗阴道毛滴虫的电镜观察

目的:观察甲硝唑对阴道毛滴虫超微结构的影响.方法:在2.5×106个·mL-1阴道毛滴虫培养液中加入甲硝唑(5 mg/L),37℃培养3-5 h,利用扫描和透射电镜观察甲硝唑对阴道毛滴虫超微结构的影响.结果:甲硝唑作用于阴道毛滴虫后,对其细胞膜及氢化酶体影响不明显;阴道毛滴虫细胞质出现大量空泡、裂隙.内质网消失、细胞核变形及自噬空泡,最终虫体变性坏死.结论:甲硝唑对阴道毛滴虫细胞内结构的破坏是导致虫体死亡的主要原因.     

阴道毛滴虫体外培养和直接涂片检查的应用

目的:体外培养与直接涂片检查阴道毛滴虫的效果观察.方法:221例患者的白带分别作体外培养与直接涂片检查阴道毛滴虫,以检查出阴道毛滴虫为阳性,未检查出为阴性.结果:221例患者白带体外培养阳性26例,直接涂片检查阳性18例,两者比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:阴道毛滴虫体外培养的阳性率较直接涂片检查明显为高,且培养基价格便宜,原料容易购买,值得推广.     

性罪错人群阴道毛滴虫寄生情况的连续观察

目的:为了解阴道毛滴虫在性罪错人群寄生的情况,探讨和分析阴道毛滴虫寄生与性罪错人群间可能存在的联系。方法:对南通市公安局收容教育所性罪错人群以及本市某国营纺织厂健康纺织女工阴道毛滴虫的寄生情况进行了6个月～1年的连续性观察。对1998～2001年间南通市公安局收容教育所性罪错人群3490人和随机抽样国营纺织厂纺织女工284人分别采用生理盐水涂片法镜检阴道毛滴虫滋养体。结果:性罪错人群中淋病双球菌、解脲文原体、沙眼衣原体和梅毒螺旋体感染者阴道毛滴虫滋养体的平均阳性检出率为31.54％,明显高于正常对照组(2.46％,7/284),差异非常显著(x~2=29.97,P<0.005),并且淋病双球菌、解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体和梅毒螺旋体混合感染者,阴道毛滴虫滋养体的阳性检出率高于单纯淋病、解脲支原体感染、沙眼衣原体感染和梅毒螺旋体感染者。结论:建议性罪错人群在接受淋病双球菌、解脲支原体、沙眼衣原体、梅毒螺旋体时,甚至包括艾滋病毒等特异性检测的同时,必须常规检查阴道毛滴虫滋养体,尤其应当高度重视性传播疾病混合感染,务必选用抗性病和抗滴虫相结合的治疗方法,有利于患者迅速痊愈。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.