The experience and opinions of teachers of radiography students regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management in x-ray departments

As part of a survey of pre-registration radiography course providers about pressure ulcer education, we asked respondents to comment on their personal experience of pressure ulcer prevention and management in x-ray environments, and also to identify what they consider to be important issues in this area. Responses were received from 14 out of the 24 providers of radiography education in the UK. The qualitative data was content analysed. The data suggests that radiography teachers have varied experience and a range of opinion about pressure ulcer prevention and management. The evidence supports partially anecdotal comments made to one of the authors (DJ) that radiographers cannot be expected to have knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and management. Clinical staff with experience of pressure ulcer prevention and management should be aware of the potential risks in x-ray departments and provide support and education to radiography colleagues.     

Effects of education about prevention of pressure ulcer on knowledge and attitudes of nursing students

BackgroundPressure ulcer is a significant healthcare problem throughout the world. Nurse educators should take the responsibility for students’ improving knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding prevention of Pressure ulcer and allocate sufficient time to teach them by using various teaching methods. In this study we evaluate effects of education about prevention of pressure ulcer on knowledge and attitudes of nursing students.MethodsThis is a quasi-experimental study with a control group and a posttest. The study population comprised of 96 second-year nursing students at a university in Middle Anatolia Region of Turkey. The study sample included 84 second year nursing students, of whom 42 were assigned into an intervention group and 42 were assigned into a control group. The intervention group was offered education for two hours weekly for four weeks. Data collection between April and May in 2019. The statistics program SPSS 22 packaged software was used in the analyses of data.ResultsThere was not a significant difference in sociodemographic features between the intervention and control groups. The groups significantly differed in their total scores for attitudes to prevention of pressure ulcer (p < 0.05). The intervention group got a significantly higher mean score for knowledge about prevention of pressure ulcer (63.00 ± 16.71) than the control group (39.35 ± 9.77) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe control group had lower scores for knowledge and attitudes about prevention, evaluation and management of pressure ulcer. Educators should revise the content of the national nursing curriculum about pressure ulcer and update their learning material and lectures in accordance with national and international guidelines.     

青少年性教育现状调查

本文的主旨是客观反映青少年性教育现状,助推青少年性教育正常开展。为此,作者对222名在校初中生和高中生进行了问卷调查,并同时走访了教育界人士。获取的信息表明,青少年获取性知识的渠道不完整;青少年知晓的性知识很局限,大多数人不知道对他们身心健康具有指导意义和保护作用的重要性知识;学校性教育还处在起步探索阶段,尚无成熟模式和成功经验;绝大多数家庭性教育至今仍是空白。教育界、家长与性学专家对青少年性教育的必要性和迫切性尚缺乏共识。据此,作者认为国内性教育滞后于当今社会发展和文明进步。作者深入分析了国内性教育滞后的原因,并引用现实生活中的典型例证论了青少年性教育的必要性和迫切性,呼吁社会关注和重视青少年性教育。     

A new era of pressure ulcer accountability in acute care

PURPOSE: To familiarize wound care practitioners with the 5 Million Lives Campaign's pressure ulcer prevention intervention. TARGET AUDIENCE: This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care. OBJECTIVES: After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1. List organizational and national initiatives that address pressure ulcer prevention. 2. Identify characteristics of pressure ulcers. 3. Identify 6 strategies that help prevent pressure ulcers.     

Knowledge of nurses and nursing assistants about pressure ulcer prevention: A survey in 16 Belgian hospitals using the PUKAT 2.0 tool

Background

Pressure ulcers have a high impact on patients and their families. Profound and up-to-date knowledge among nurses is important given the effect on attitudes and preventative behaviour. To gain insight into educational needs and priorities, regular knowledge assessments are needed.

高职院校学生性教育现状调查分析

目的:了解高职学生获得性知识的途径、性态度、性行为以及当前接受性教育的情况等,从而掌握大学生对性健康教育的需求,为大学生性教育提供理论依据。方法:采用自行设计的问卷,对4所不同类型院校的700名高职学生进行问卷调查。结果:高职学生绝大多数没有接受过正规的性教育,对性知识非常渴求,学生了解性知识的主要途径是自学,希望学校成为性教育的主要实施者。结论:大学生对性知识了解较少,学校必须尽快提供全面、科学、系统、安全的性教育,保护学生的身心健康。     

Progression of pressure ulcer to vesico-cutaneous fistula

A 72-year-old female known to have diabetes, multiple medical problems, and bedridden with indwelling Foley's catheter. She presented with an ulcer which progressed to a Grade 4 pressure ulcer. She was known to have recurrent urinary tract infection. Contrast study through the fistula revealed a communicating fistula between the left buttock ulcer and the bladder. Conservative way of management was followed due to the overall health status of the patient. She was sent to home with daily dressings, mattress, and an occupational therapy plan. Fortunately, her fistula healed spontaneously after six months.To our knowledge, in addition to the unique presentation and outcome, the case we reported is the first with such communication.     

A cross-sectional study on self-management of pressure ulcer prevention in paraplegic patients

Introduction

Little is known about health activation and self-management behavior in preventing pressure ulcers (PU) in paraplegic patients. Therefore this study aimed to describe the extent of health activation and self-management behavior in paraplegics to prevent PU's and associations between this behavior and patient characteristics.Furthermore, we aimed to find differences in health activation in paraplegics who never had a PU compared to paraplegics with a previous history of PU's or a new-onset PU's.

Assessing the impact of a patient education programme on pressure ulcer prevention in patients with spinal cord injuries

ObjectivesThere is currently a low level of evidence for the impact of patient education on the management of patients with chronic neurological disease at risk of developing pressure ulcers. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a patient education programme on pressure ulcer prevention in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries.Materials and methodsThis study included adult patients with any spinal cord injury, regardless of the cause. Participants attended 2 group workshops focusing on pressure ulcer prevention.Various clinical data were gathered during an initial individual interview and at 3, 6 and 12 months, along with rating scale values from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Schwarzer self-efficacy scale, a quality of life scale (SF-36) and the revised Skin Management Needs Assessment Checklist (Revised SMnac), which was used as the primary endpoint.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study. The mean patient age was 52 years (SD: 9,8). Sixteen patients had traumatic spinal cord injuries, with a median injury duration of 234 months (IQR: 123–407). Seventy-five percent had had a pressure ulcer in the twelve months prior to the study. Patient education was shown to have a significant impact on skin management ability, with a highly significant increase in the overall revised SMnac score at 3 months. These results were stable over time, from 6 to 12 months. Six patients developed a pressure ulcer during the study (30%).ConclusionThis study supports the hypothesis that a therapeutic educational program conducted at the chronic phase in spinal cord injured individuals has an impact.     

A demographic survey of leg and foot ulcer patients in a defined population.

By means of a questionnaire sent to all medical units in Malm?, including primary care, homes for the elderly, and industrial health clinics, 275 patients with leg and foot ulcers were identified. With a population of 232,908 in Malm?, this corresponds to a prevalence of 0.12%, which is lower than reported by others. Since the response rate was high (88% total, Primary Care: 100%), the prevalence of 0.12% is, however, believed to be real and might be explained by the urban area investigated, with easy access to care and proximity to one somatic hospital. 50% of the patients with leg and foot ulcers were treated in Primary Care, and 30% of the leg ulcer patients were treated at the Department of Dermatology. 88% of leg and foot ulcer patients were over 75 years of age. Median age was 79.5 years, with 80 for women and 76.5 for men. In Primary Care the median age was 82. There was a predominance of women in the study population with an overall sex ratio of 3:1. A higher proportion of patients living alone was found in Primary Care. The etiology of the ulcers was considered to be "unknown" or "other" or else no statement was given in 36% of the leg ulcer- and 22% of the foot ulcer patients. This might reflect an overall uncertainty about the underlying etiological cause. Medially and laterally located leg ulcers were reported equally often, but there was also a great proportion of wholly or partially circumferential ulcers. 76% of the foot ulcers were located on the toes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

以生殖器溃疡为特征的性病患者临床和病原学检查

目的 了解以生殖器溃疡为特征的性传播疾病的病种构成及病例的临床特征。方法 按统一标准在南京、大连、深圳性病专科门诊部收集有生殖器溃疡的初诊病例作临床和实验室诊断,统计各病所占比例及临床特征。结果 在有生殖器溃疡的380例性病患者中,检出梅毒患者153例,占40.26%,生殖器疱疹患者167例,占43.95%,未发现软下疳和性病性淋巴肉芽肿患者。溃疡发生的部位在男性以冠状沟为多,占48.67%,女性以大阴唇为多,占50.70%。结论 我国以生殖器溃疡为特征的性病患者以梅毒和生殖器疱疹为主,未发现经实验室确诊的软下疳和性病性淋巴肉芽肿病例。     

中学生性健康教育现状调查及其对策研究

目的:调查我国中学生性健康教育现状,为研究我国中学生的健康教育提供实证数据,同时帮助各群体正确认识性教育,为中学生的健康成长提供优良环境。方法:随机选取8所中学共333名学生进行问卷调查,对以上学校38名教师及主管德育工作的校长或工作人员进行现场调查采访,同时随机抽取20位学生家长进行相关采访。结果:对当前我国中学生的性健康教育状况、中学生对性知识的了解程度及中学生对性健康教育的态度有了初步的了解,并提出了相关的建议与对策。     

A prospective cohort study of lower-extremity pressure ulcer risk among bedfast older adults

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for lower-extremity pressure ulcers in bedfast older adult patients. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A 500-bed long-term-care facility in Japan. PATIENTS: A total of 259 patients who were aged 65 years or older, confined to bed, and without lower-extremity pressure ulcers at enrollment participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of occurrence, wound characteristics, and risk factors for lower-extremity pressure ulcers. The incidence of lower-extremity pressure ulcers per 100 person-years was 16.8 (n = 33). The most common sites of lesions were the toes and heels. Cox regression analysis indicated that 3 factors were independently related to new lower-extremity pressure ulcer risk: low ankle-brachial index value (hazards ratio 0.075; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.023-0.242), length of bedfast period (hazards ratio 1.010; 95% CI, 1.004-1.015), and male gender (hazards ratio 2.951; 95% CI, 1.450-6.009). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the area under the curve was 0.760 (95% CI, 0.675-0.844) for the ankle-brachial index. Therefore, an ankle-brachial index cutoff level of 0.8 provided high sensitivity and adequate specificity. CONCLUSION: Lower-extremity pressure ulcers are a significant problem in bedfast older adult patients aged 65 years or older. Bedfast older adult patients who developed lower-extremity pressure ulcers in this study were believed to have arteriosclerosis; the patients' ulcers exhibited features of ischemic ulcers. The findings of the present study suggest that bedfast older adult patients with a low ankle-brachial index value, a long bedfast period, or male gender should be closely monitored for lower-extremity pressure ulcer development on admission to long-term-care facilities. In particular, the ankle-brachial index is recommended as a screening tool in this practice setting.     

Reliability and validity of a multi-pad pressure evaluator for pressure ulcer management

It is often helpful to assess the pressures exerted upon the bony prominences when monitoring the likely outcome of pressure ulcer prevention or treatment. However, in the clinical setting, hard pressure sensors may damage the skin and operational difficulties may influence their reliability and validity. The authors have developed a multi-pad pressure sensor and tested its clinical reliability and validity. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were calculated using the coefficient of variation data from 10 patients. After a comparison analysis, the multi-pad was more reliable than a single-pad type pressure sensor. A validation test was conducted in 79 elderly patients. The mean interface pressures recorded among patients who had erythema or stage I pressure ulcers at the sacrum were significantly higher than were the contact pressures measured in patients with no pressure damage. The pressure sensor exhibited satisfactory clinical reliability and validity. Furthermore, it may be that for Japanese elderly patients the maximum pressure that can be tolerated by the tissues around the sacrum may be 40-50 mmHg.