气管内窥镜在治疗小儿复发性气管内乳头状瘤中的应用

目的 :探讨小儿复发性喉乳头状瘤播散至气管内的治疗方法。方法 :利用气管内窥镜在全麻支撑喉镜下治疗小儿复发性气管内乳头状瘤 12例。结果 :12例中 ,3例随访 1年余未复发 ,已拔除气管套管 ;9例术后复发 ,但复发周期较既往应用气管镜手术明显延长 ,且病灶有逐渐局限、减少的趋势。结论 :应用气管内窥镜治疗气管内乳头状瘤 ,术野清楚 ,肿瘤摘除彻底 ,术后复发周期延长。     

累及气管幼年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤的手术策略

目的 探讨累及气管支气管的复杂幼年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤(juvenile on-set recurrent respiratory papillomatosis,JORRP)手术策略,以降低手术风险,减少并发症.方法 选取2006年1月至2009年2月间在北京同仁医院进行手术治疗,病变累及气管内的24例JORRP患儿,共行149次手术,手术均采用全麻,术中高频喷射呼吸机支持呼吸,支撑喉镜下使用气管内镜及喉电动切割钻治疗,应用辅助通气,切除肿瘤和清除气道内出血交替.结果 患儿年龄3～16岁(中位数6岁);首次发病年龄8个月～10岁(中位数1.5岁);有气管切开病史20例,患儿气管切开年龄1～4岁(中位数2岁);术前2度呼吸困难147例次,3度呼吸困难1例次,4度呼吸困难1例次.全部患儿均接受多次手术.所有患儿术后呼吸困难均完全缓解,无死亡病例.2例次术后因高碳酸血症再次插管,1例次因术前低氧血症、高碳酸血症,术后拔管人重症监护病房1日.结论 应用高频喷射呼吸机支持呼吸,支撑喉镜下使用气管内镜及电动切割钻治疗累及气管内的青少年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤,在间断无通气情况下切除气管内肿瘤的策略是安全有效的.     

儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病的联合治疗

目的：探讨儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病（JO-RRP）的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析36例JO-RRP患儿的临床资料，针对病情分别采用支撑喉镜下激光切除术（27例）和喉裂开造口激光切除术（9例），对复发≥2次／年或（和）病变范围累及≥2个解剖亚区的28例患儿术后1周给予干扰素治疗。结果：全部患儿术后均无明显误咽，28例（77．8％）已拔除气管套管。并发症包括：声音嘶哑8例，喉狭窄6例，肺部感染3例。结论：支撑喉镜下激光切除术和喉裂开造口激光切除术是治疗JO-RRP的有效术式，术后联合干扰素治疗可抑制复发。     

累及气管的小儿复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤的治疗（17例报告）

目的探讨累及气管的小儿复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤的治疗方法。方法支撑喉镜联合支气管镜下Nd：YAG激光治疗小儿复发性气管内乳头状瘤17例。结果4例随访1年6个月未复发,已拔除气管套管,13例术后复发。结论支撑喉镜联合支气管镜下Nd：YAG激光治疗小儿复发性气管内乳头状瘤是一种有效的方法。     

低温等离子射频治疗成人喉乳头状瘤的初步观察

目的 探讨低温等离子射频切除术治疗成人喉乳头状瘤的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2008年4月至2010年6月治疗的18例喉乳头状瘤患者的临床资料,其中多发性喉乳头状瘤4例,单发喉乳头状瘤14例,患者均经口气管插管全麻,内镜支撑喉镜下应用7070号等离子射频刀切除肿瘤.结果 术中出血约1～10 ml,平均2 ml,术后无出血及其他并发症.随访6至33个月,中位随访时间18个月,16例患者未见复发;2例分别于术后4个月和8个月复发,再次等离子射频切除术,术后分别随访4个月和12个月,1例再次复发,另1例未见复发.结论 内镜支撑喉镜下应用低温等离子射频切除术治疗成人喉乳头状瘤具有出血少、损伤小等优点,是一种较好的手术方法.     

儿童复发性喉乳头状瘤临床治疗探讨

目的：探讨和评价鼻内镜下显微电动吸切术协同激光治疗儿童喉乳头状瘤的可行性和手术疗效。方法：回顾性分析26例复发性喉乳头状瘤患儿的临床资料,采用鼻内镜下显微电动吸切术6例,鼻内镜下显微电动吸切术协同激光治疗,并对术腔创面涂透明质酸钠凝胶20例,对2种手术方式的疗效进行分析评价。结果：在鼻内镜下行显微电动吸切术切除复发性喉乳头状瘤的患儿,术后4周纤维喉镜检查发现喉乳头状瘤复发,术后2～3个月需再次手术;鼻内镜下微电动吸切术协同激光治疗的患儿,术后2～3周内,喉部创面再次辅助激光治疗4～8次,16例患儿治愈,术后随访3～8年无复发,4例患儿复发间隔延长。结论：鼻内镜下显微电动吸切术协同激光治疗能有效降低喉乳头状瘤的复发,该术式要求术后短期内反复多次激光辅助治疗,并且对创面采用了透明质酸钠凝胶,从而避免声带瘢痕过大和粘连,大大提高了患儿的发声质量,部分患儿通过该手术方案的治疗能完全治愈。     

显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术或联合干扰素治疗复发性小儿喉乳头状瘤疗效对比

目的 探讨白细胞干扰素联合显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术治疗复发性小儿喉乳头状瘤的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析61例复发性小儿喉乳头状瘤的临床治疗资料,运用解剖划分法,评估单纯显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光治疗(A组)、或联合干扰素共同治疗(B组)复发性小儿喉乳头状瘤这两种方案的临床效果。结果 两组乳头状瘤范围,① 术前均为1～8个解剖亚区,平均值A组为(3.45±1.86)个、B组为(3.53±1.67)个解剖亚区;② 术后A组1～4个、平均(2.09±0.87)个解剖亚区,B组1～3个、平均(1.47±0.63)个解剖亚区(P<0.05)。结论 单纯显微支撑喉镜下CO2激光手术与联合干扰素治疗复发性小儿喉乳头状瘤均能延缓肿瘤复发,联合治疗组较单纯手术组复发范围小。     

幼年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤气管切开的临床研究

目的：分析幼年型复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤（JORRP）气管切开患儿的临床特征,探讨气管切开的拔管时机。方法：对31例接受气管切开术的JORRP患儿进行回顾性分析,分析JORRP的发病年龄、气管内播散的部位、疾病侵袭性、病变生长方式等临床表现。结果：31例JORRP患儿共行气管切开术32例次,3例次为手术后1个月拔除气管套管,气管内无乳头状瘤生长,其余29例次气管内均有不同程度的乳头状瘤生长;20例次拔管患儿中,拔管3个月以上者气管内未见乳头状瘤生长。结论：JORRP患儿应尽量避免气管切开,已行气管切开的患儿应及早拔管,避免乳头状瘤向气管内发展,拔管时机可选择在乳头状瘤生长较少时,可于手术结束后即刻拔除,或术后堵管24h后拔除。     

儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病肿瘤范围的量化评估

目的:探讨儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病(JO-RRP)肿瘤范围的量化评估方法的临床应用。方法:根据肿瘤范围大小分为3级分值(1分,2分及3分),评估68例JO-RRP患儿共238次手术,内镜下观察患儿22个呼吸和消化道的解剖亚区的肿瘤范围,计算积分;量化反映JO-RRP的分布特点及病情演变。结果:本组患儿肿瘤范围的积分在2~20分,7~14分占64.3%。全部患儿均有喉部受累,其中声带和室带是最常见的受累部位,鼻、咽、硬腭、气管、支气管、双肺和食管等受累较少见;随着手术治疗次数增多,肿瘤范围积分有下降趋势,与JO-RRP的临床特点相符。结论:以肿瘤范围为依据的量化评估法客观准确地反映了JO-RRP病变程度和临床疗效,是个科学而方便的方法,临床应用价值高,值得推广。     

匹多莫德辅助治疗儿童喉乳头状瘤

目的 评估免疫促进剂匹多莫德辅助治疗儿童喉乳头状瘤的疗效.方法 72例喉乳头状瘤患儿,随机分为匹多莫德治疗组与对照组.治疗组36例患儿,在气管插管全麻支撑喉镜下行喉乳头状瘤摘除术,术后予匹多莫德0.4g口服,每日1次,连续用药60天为1疗程.对照组36例患儿,单纯采用气管插管全麻支撑喉镜下喉乳头状瘤摘除手术.术后每月复查1次,随访6个月,评估疗效.结果 治疗组5例患儿于1月内复发而再次手术,5例2月内复发再次手术,4例6月内复发再次手术治疗,对照组5例患儿术后1月内复发而再次手术,12例术后2月内复发再次手术,7例术后6月内复发再次行手术.6月后疗效评估显示,治疗组显效9例,有效13例,总有效率61.1%;对照组有效9例,总有效率33%.统计学分析结果,χ<'2>=5.57,P<0.05.结论 匹多莫德治疗组肿瘤复发率较对照组明显降低,提示匹多莫德对儿童喉乳头状瘤有辅助治疗作用.     

An epigenetically derived monoclonal origin for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the contribution of promoter methylation-mediated epigenetic events in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis tumorigenesis. DESIGN: Archival tissue DNA, extracted from microdissected papilloma lesions, was interrogated for methylation status by means of the novel, multigene methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. SUBJECTS: Fifteen subjects with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, 3 females and 12 males, all with adult onset of illness (age range, 23-73 years) except for 1 female patient with juvenile onset (1 year old). RESULTS: Promoter hypermethylation was recorded in 14 of 15 cases, and 19 of 22 unique methylation-prone cancer genes in the multigene panel had altered DNA methylation in at least 1 laryngeal papilloma biopsy specimen. Identical abnormally methylated genes were found in 5 of 15 recurrent cases, of which the CDKN2B gene was hypermethylated in all 5 cases. Dissimilar epigenetic events were noted in the remaining cases. CONCLUSIONS: A clonal origin was derived for 5 of 15 recurrent respiratory papillomatosis biopsy specimens based on identical epigenetic events. The high frequency of epigenetic events, characterized by consistent promoter hypermethylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes, points to the use of gene silencing mechanisms in the pathogenesis of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.     

小儿复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病38例临床分析

目的 :探讨小儿复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病 (JORRP)的临床特点。方法 :回顾分折 1986年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 6月收治的 JORRP 38例资料。结果 :平均发病年龄 2 .9岁 ,首次诊断平均年龄 3.5岁 ,平均手术 3.45次 ,术后并发喉功能障碍 8例 (2 1.0 5 % ) ,气管切开 19例 (5 0 .0 % ) ,6例气管造口有乳头状瘤传播 (31.5 8% )。结论 :JORRP是儿童最常见的喉部肿瘤 ,由于易复发 ,常需多次手术 ;手术应注意保存喉部正常组织 ;气管切开要慎重 ,以防病变局部接种和邻近器官传播     

儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病临床研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical behavior of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in order to find some factors correlated to the development of this disease, and to sum up the significance and experience of CO2 laser surgery. METHOD: Sixty patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis from September 1995 to December 1998 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The age of onset in 50 cases (83.3%) was below 4 years, and the peak-age was 2 years. The rates of recurrence were 72.0% and 45.7% (chi 2 = 4.71, P < 0.05) below and over 2 years, respectively. The rates of aggressive disease were 88.0% and 54.3% (chi 2 = 7.66, P < 0.01) below and over 2 years, respectively. The predominant sites of the disease were the vocal cords, the false vocal cords, the laryngeal ventricle, the laryngeal surface of the epiglottis and the subglottic region. Tracheostomy induced the development of tracheal papilloma, therefore should be avoided as possible. Laryngeal papilloma might be divided into four types on the basis of the growth manner and surface form corresponding to clinical behaviors. Five patients were followed-up for 1.5 years without recurrence, 18 patients had fewer recurrences following treatment, 33 patients were under treatment, and 3 patients died. Nineteen patients lost follow-up. The major complications included laryngeal and tracheal stenosis. CONCLUSION: Clinical behaviors of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were relevant to the age, growth form and tracheotomy. CO2 laser was an ideal instrument for ablation of the laryngeal papillomas with the following advantages: simple management, less bleeding, preservation of laryngeal structure and avoidance of tracheostomy.     

人乳头瘤病毒型别与儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤临床病程的相关性

目的　研究人乳头瘤状病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）型别对儿童复发性呼吸道乳头瘤（juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis,JORRP）临床病程的影响。方法　收集38例JORRP患儿新鲜瘤体标本,采用流式荧光杂交法检测HPV型别。将患儿分为HPV6阳性组和HPV11阳性组。量化评分其201例手术,对发病年龄、并发症、临床症状、手术次数、乳头瘤侵袭范围程度等方面进行统计学分析。结果　55.2%（21/38）JORRP患儿感染HPV6,36.8%（14/38）感染HPV11,7.9%（3/38）HPV6/11均阴性。两组患儿在发病年龄、术前临床症状评分、乳头瘤解剖亚区数、Derkay、Dikkers评分方面均有统计学差异。结论　感染HPV11发病年龄更小,侵犯范围更广病灶性状更严重,临床症状更严重,致JORRP临床病程更严重。     

Airway reconstruction in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

OBJECTIVE: To determine if children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were at increased risk of complications due to their disease following major airway reconstruction. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our airway surgery database and the medical records of all children diagnosed with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who were evaluated at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center between January 1998 and August 2003. All patients with active airway papillomas or a history of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis who underwent open airway reconstruction at our institution were included in the study. RESULTS: Seven children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis underwent major airway reconstruction. Six children had tracheotomies and five are now decannulated following their airway reconstruction. Five children had active papillomas at the time of surgery and none had significant worsening of their papillomas following their procedures. Two patients in remission underwent airway reconstruction without recurrence of their papillomas. CONCLUSIONS: Major airway reconstruction can be safely performed in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.     

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in children

The hallmark of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is an increased exposure of esophageal and laryngeal mucosa to gastric juice. This exposure can cause complications such as chronic laryngitis or chronic respiratory diseases. We report our experience in managing three pediatric patients with severe recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) associated with GERD. All patients showed a high rate of recurrence requiring multiple laser surgeries. Systemic αinterferon therapy over a period of more than 1 year and photodynamic therapy with dihematoporphyrin produced no improvement. However, after therapy for GERD, the rate of recurrence of JLP decreased significantly. Although the course of respiratory papillomatosis is known to fluctuate, our findings suggest that gastroesophageal reflux may have a role in aggravating papillomatosis. Received: 22 September 1998 / Accepted: 12 November 1998     

Malignant transformation in non-irradiated juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis

A spontaneous cancer transformation of non-irradiated juvenile papillomas has been observed in a very small number of cases. We report on six more patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis developing into a squamous-cell carcinoma. Three patients had childhood papillomatosis and three patients adult onsets of their papillomas. The average duration between onset of papillomatosis and cancer diagnosis was 33 years, while the average age at time of diagnosis of a laryngeal cancer was 50 years. All patients were cigarette smokers, but none of them had received prior irradiation. The typical histological picture of tumors showed an infiltrating keratinizing squamous carcinoma besides remaining benign papillomas within the larynx. Our study again illustrates the risk of malignant transformation of juvenile papillomatosis in long-lasting cases. Therefore, regular extensive biopsies and careful histopathological examination are required. The role of smoking as a co-factor in the development of carcinoma ex-papilloma is still not clear. Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted: 24 April 1999     

儿童复发性喉乳头状瘤样病变的临床研究

目的 探讨儿童喉乳头状瘤样病变(juvenil recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis，JRLP)的治疗方法及儿童复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤(juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis，JORRP)与小儿喉尖锐湿疣(infantile laryngeal condyloma acuminatum，ILCA)的关系。方法 回顾分析1994年3月～2002年3月诊治的44例JRLP的临床资料。结果 44例中普通组织病理学诊断为ILCA 28例，JORRP 16例；采用斑点杂交和聚合酶链反应检测人乳头状瘤病毒阳性率达42／44。JRLP患儿平均初诊时间1．6岁，平均手术次数5．3次，平均手术间隔期2．4个月；在总共233次手术中，各种并发症总发生率为3．9％。目前，长期缓解18例，正在随访的有11例，失访10例，死亡5例。手术加有治疗目的的气管切开(延长手术间隔期)和手术加中药两种治疗方式效果较好。JORRP和ILCA存在广泛的共性。结论 深入研究JORRP和ILCA的关系具有十分重要的理论价值和临床意义。应尽量避免用气管切开术来缓解JRLP所引起的喉梗阻，手术加有治疗目的的气管切开术和手术加中药治疗两种治疗方式值得进一步探讨。